| Post: | Governor |
| Body: | Queensland |
| Flag: | Flag of the Governor of Queensland.svg |
| Flagsize: | 150px |
| Flagcaption: | Flag of the governor |
| Incumbentsince: | 1 November 2021 |
| Department: | Viceregal |
| Style: | Her Excellency the Honourable |
| Residence: | Government House, Brisbane |
| Appointer: | Monarch |
| Appointer Qualified: | (by commission under the royal sign-manual)[1] |
| Termlength: | At His Majesty's pleasure |
| Termlength Qualified: | (typically 5 years) |
| Formation: | 10 December 1859 |
| First: | Sir George Bowen |
| Salary: |
The Governor of Queensland is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in the state of Queensland.[2] In an analogous way to the governor-general at the national level, the governor performs constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level. In particular the governor has the power to appoint and dismiss the premier of Queensland and all other ministers in the Cabinet, and issue writs for the election of the state parliament.
The current governor of Queensland, former Chief Health Officer of Queensland Jeannette Young, was sworn in on 1 November 2021.[3]
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Queensland, currently Helen Bowskill, acts in the position of governor in the governor's absence. In June 2014, Queen Elizabeth II, upon the recommendation of then-Premier Campbell Newman, accorded all current, future and living former governors the title The Honourable in perpetuity.[4]
The governor has resided at Government House, Brisbane since 1910. The mansion, set in 14ha of gardens and bushland in the Brisbane suburb of Paddington, is also known as Fernberg.[5] Unlike Fernberg, the original Government House was purpose-built and was used from 1862 to 1910; the building still exists today on the grounds of Queensland University of Technology's CBD campus.[6]
The office of the governor was initially established by letters patent issued by Queen Victoria on the founding of Queensland in 1867. However, up until 1977 the office was not formally recognised in Queensland legislation, with the powers of the governor set down in the letters patent and in an imperial order in council which preserved the effect of the Australian Constitutions Act 1842 (Imp) (the document that granted NSW a semi-elected assembly) as regard to the governor and restricted the power of the Queensland assembly to remove the position. However, following the 1975 Dismissal crisis then premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Peterson amended the Constitution Act 1867 (Qld) to replicate the provisions of the order in council. This was done as the order in council only applied due to the continuing authority of the British Parliament in regard to the states. It was feared that a future Commonwealth government would either assert or acquire by consent the exiting powers of the imperial parliament over the states, giving them the power to either abolish the office or make it subordinate to the governor-general, allowing the Commonwealth to order the state governor to refuse royal assent to state bills. This amendment provision was doubly entrenched, requiring a referendum for the provisions about the governor to be amended or removed. Following the passage of the Australia Act 1986, the power of the British Parliament to legislate for the states has been removed. However, there remains academic doubts of the legal effectiveness of the double entrenchment provisions.[7]
The Constitution Act 2001 consolidated the previous constitutional documents, including the most recent letters-patent, leaving the role of the governor fully defined by Australian law. However, the doubly entrenched provisions of the 1867 constitution remains in place as a referendum was not sought to amend them.
In accordance with the conventions of the Westminster system of parliamentary government, the governor nearly always acts solely on the advice of the head of the elected government, the Premier of Queensland. Nevertheless, the governor retains the reserve powers of the Crown, and has the right to appoint and dismiss ministers, issue pardons, and dissolve Parliament.
The Queensland Constitution expressly provides that the governor "is not subject to direction by any person and is not limited as to the Governor's sources of advice" on the appointment or dismissal of ministers (s 35), another provision inserted by the Bjelke-Petersen government in the wake of the 1975 federal dismissal. This provision worked against Bjelke-Petersen when, in the dying days of his government in November 1987, he tried and failed to convince governor Sir Walter Campbell to remove several ministers to shore up his own support within Parliament. When the parliamentary wing of the National Party deposed Bjelke-Petersen and elected one of the dissident ministers, Mike Ahern, as the new leader of the National Party, Bjelke-Petersen initially refused to resign as premier and Sir Walter resisted calls to dismiss him. Bjelke-Petersen elected to resign on 1 December 1987.
The governor is head of the Executive Council, a Queensland equivalent to the Federal Executive Council. The Council is composed of ministers from the government of the day. The Chief Justice of Queensland and other judges in the Queensland judicial system are appointed by the governor acting on the advice of the Executive Council.
| Queensland | |
| Imagetext: | Standard of the governor of Queensland |
| Use: | 000000 |
| Proportion: | 1:2 |
| Design: | A Union Flag defaced with the state badge of Queensland surrounded by wreath of laurels |
The governor's standard comprises a Union Jack with a white roundel in the centre with the state badge of Queensland: a light blue Maltese cross, surmounted by a royal crown and surrounded by garland of laurel leaves.
The general design of standards for British governors was approved by Queen Victoria in 1869. The design for governors of Queensland was created and flown as a personal standard since 1876, when the Maltese cross was adopted as the colonial badge.[8]
If the standard is flying at Government House, on a vehicle or at an event, this indicates that the governor is present.
The first Australian born Governor of Queensland was Lieutenant-General Sir John Lavarack (appointed 1946). His successor, Sir Henry Abel Smith, the husband of the niece of Queen Mary, Lady May Abel-Smith, was British. All subsequent governors have been Australian-born, except for Leneen Forde, who was born in Canada but who emigrated to Australia at an early age.
Prior to the Separation of Queensland in 1859, it was part of New South Wales under the governors of New South Wales.
| No. | Portrait | Governor | Term of office | Monarch | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sir George Bowen | 1859 | 1868 | Victoria | |
| 2 | Samuel Blackall | 1868 | 1871 | ||
| 3 | George Phipps | 1871 | 1874 | ||
| 4 | Sir William Cairns | 1875 | 1877 | ||
| 5 | Sir Arthur Kennedy | 1877 | 1883 | ||
| 6 | Sir Anthony Musgrave | 1883 | 1888 | ||
| 7 | 1889 | 1895 | |||
| 8 | 1896 | 1901 | |||
| Edward VII | |||||
| 9 | Sir Herbert Chermside | 1902 | 1904 | ||
| 10 | Frederic Thesiger | 1905 | 1909 | ||
| 11 | Sir William MacGregor | 1909 | 1914 | ||
| George V | |||||
| 12 | Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams | 1915 | 1920 | ||
| 13 | Sir Matthew Nathan | 1920 | 1925 | ||
| 14 | Sir John Goodwin | 1927 | 1932 | ||
| 15 | Sir Leslie Wilson | 1932 | 1946 | Edward VIII | |
| George VI | |||||
| 16 | Sir John Lavarack | 1946 | 1957 | ||
| Elizabeth II | |||||
| 17 | Sir Henry Abel Smith | 1958 | 1966 | ||
| 18 | Sir Alan Mansfield | 1966 | 1972 | ||
| 19 | Sir Colin Hannah | 1972 | 1977 | ||
| 20 | Sir James Ramsay | 1977 | 1985 | ||
| 21 | Sir Walter Campbell | 1985 | 1992 | ||
| 22 | Leneen Forde | 1992 | 1997 | ||
| 23 | Peter Arnison | 1997 | 2003 | ||
| 24 | Quentin Bryce | 2003 | 2008 | ||
| 25 | Penelope Wensley | 2008 | 2014 | ||
| 26 | Paul de Jersey | 2014 | 2021 | ||
| 27 | Jeannette Young | 2021 | Incumbent | ||
| Charles III | |||||
Administrators and lieutenant-governors are deputy roles generally appointed to carry out the duties of the governor when the governor is unavailable, due to travel or illness. If one is not appointed, then the duties are carried out by the Chief Justice of Queensland (or the most senior judge available).[9] The following are the administrators and lieutenant-governors of Queensland:[10]
| Name | Term | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maurice Charles O'Connell | 4 January 1868 – 14 August 1868 | Administrator | |
| Maurice Charles O'Connell | 2 January 1871 – 12 August 1871 | Administrator | |
| Maurice Charles O'Connell | 12 November 1874 – 23 January 1875 | Administrator | |
| Maurice Charles O'Connell | 14 March 1877 – 10 April 1877 | Administrator | |
| Arthur Edward Kennedy | 10 April 1877 – 20 July 1877 | Administrator | |
| Joshua Peter Bell | 19 March 1880 – 22 November 1880 | Administrator | |
| Arthur Hunter Palmer | 2 May 1883 – 6 November 1883 | Administrator | |
| Arthur Hunter Palmer | 20 April 1886 – 13 December 1886 | Administrator | |
| Arthur Hunter Palmer | 9 October 1888 – 1 May 1889 | Administrator | |
| Arthur Hunter Palmer | 15 November 1895 – 9 April 1896 | Lieutenant Governor Administrator | |
| Samuel Griffith | 21 June 1901 – 24 March 1902 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| Hugh Muir Nelson | 10 October 1904 – 30 November 1905 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| Arthur Morgan | 27 May 1909 – 2 December 1909 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| Arthur Morgan | 16 July 1914 – 15 March 1915 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| William Lennon | 3 February 1920 – 3 December 1920 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| William Lennon | 17 September 1925 – 13 June 1927 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| William Lennon | 8 May 1929 – 2 June 1929 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| James William Blair | 7 April 1932 – 1 June 1932 | Administrator | |
| James William Blair | 17 May 1937 – 21 November 1937 | Administrator | |
| Frank Cooper | 24 April 1946 – 30 September 1946 | Lieutenant Governor | |
| Alan Mansfield | 25 January 1957 – 18 March 1958 | Administrator | |
| Alan Mansfield | 31 March 1960 – 24 May 1960 | Administrator | |
| Alan Mansfield | 18 April 1963 – 18 October 1963 | Administrator | |
| William Mack | 10 March 1966 – 21 March 1966 | Administrator | |
| William Mack | 20 March 1969 – 30 June 1969 | Administrator | |
| Joseph Aloysius Sheehy | 30 June 1969 – 18 September 1969 | Administrator | |
| Mostyn Hanger | 9 March 1972 – 21 March 1972 | Administrator | |
| Mostyn Hanger | 21 March 1977 – 22 April 1977 | Administrator |