| Native Name: | Gobernación de Nueva Castilla |
| Conventional Long Name: | Governorate of New Castile |
| Common Name: | New Castile |
| Status: | Governorate of the Crown of Castile |
| Empire: | Spain |
| Religion: | Catholicism |
| Era: | Spanish empire |
| Year Start: | 1529 |
| Year End: | 1542 |
| Event Start: | Capitulation of Toledo |
| Event End: | Appointment of Francisco Pizarro as Viceroy of Peru |
| P1: | Inca Empire |
| P2: | Chanka |
| S1: | Viceroyalty of Peru |
| Flag: | Cross of Burgundy |
| Flag Type: | Military flag |
| Image Map Caption: | Spanish map of the administrative division of New Castile made in 1535 |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg |
| Capital: | Jauja 1533–1535 Lima after 1535 |
| Government Type: | Monarchy |
| Title Leader: | King |
| Leader1: | Charles I |
| Year Leader1: | 1516–1556 |
| Title Representative: | Governor |
| Representative1: | Francisco Pizarro |
| Year Representative1: | 1529–1541 |
| Representative2: | Cristóbal Vaca de Castro |
| Year Representative2: | 1541–1544 |
| Representative3: | Gonzalo Pizarro (Self-proclaimed; unrecognized by Spanish court until death) |
| Year Representative3: | 1544–1548 |
| Event1: | Atahualpa captured by the Spaniards |
| Date Event1: | 1532 |
| Event2: | Fall of Cuzco |
| Date Event2: | 1533 |
| Common Languages: | Official: Spanish; common: Quechua, Kichwa, Aymara, Puquina. |
| Currency: | Spanish dollar |
| P3: | Cañari |
| P4: | Huanca people |
| P5: | Chachapoya culture |
| P6: | Asháninka |
| P7: | Indigenous peoples of the Americas |
The Governorate of New Castile (Gobernación de Nueva Castilla, pronounced as /es/)[1] was the gubernatorial region administered to Francisco Pizarro in 1529 by King Charles I of Spain, of which he was appointed governor.
The region roughly consisted of modern Peru and was, after the foundation of Lima in 1535, divided. The conquest of the Inca Empire in 1531–1533, performed by Pizarro and his brothers set the basis for the territorial boundaries of New Castile.
After the territorial division of South America between Spain and Portugal, the Peruvian Hispanic administration was divided into six entities:
This territorial division set the basis for the Hispanic administration of South America for several decades. It was formally dissolved in 1544, when King Charles I sent his personal envoy, Blasco Núñez Vela, to govern the newly founded Viceroyalty of Peru that replaced the governorates.