| Native Name: | Gobernación de Nueva Toledo |
| Conventional Long Name: | Governorate of New Toledo |
| Common Name: | New Toledo |
| Status: | Governorate of the Crown of Castile |
| Empire: | Spain |
| Religion: | Catholicism |
| Era: | Spanish Empire |
| Year Start: | 1529 |
| Year End: | 1542 |
| Event Start: | Capitulation of Toledo |
| Event End: | Viceroy of Peru |
| P1: | Inca Empire |
| P2: | Indigenous peoples of the Americas |
| S1: | Viceroyalty of Peru |
| Flag Type: | Cross of Burgundy |
| Image Map Caption: | Spanish map of the administrative division of New Castile and New Toledo made in 1535 |
| Flag S1: | Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg |
| Capital: | Cuzco (Claimed by Diego de Almagro) |
| Government Type: | Monarchy |
| Title Leader: | King |
| Leader1: | Charles I |
| Year Leader1: | 1516–1556 |
| Title Representative: | Governor |
| Representative1: | Diego de Almagro |
| Year Representative1: | 1529–1538 |
| Official Languages: | Spanish |
| Currency: | Escudo |
The Governorate of New Toledo[1] was a Spanish Governorate of the Crown of Castile formed from the previous southern half of the Inca Empire, stretching south into present day central Chile, and east into present day central Brazil.
It was established by King Charles I of Spain in 1528. Diego de Almagro was the appointed Spanish royal governor.
It was replaced by the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru in 1542.
After the territorial division of South America between Spain and Portugal, the Peruvian Hispanic administration was divided into six entities:
This territorial division set the basis for the Hispanic administration of South America for several decades. It was formally dissolved in 1544, when King Charles I sent his personal envoy, Blasco Núñez Vela, to govern the newly founded Viceroyalty of Peru that replaced the governorates.