Zygoma fracture explained

A zygoma fracture (zygomatic fracture) is a form of facial fracture caused by a fracture of the zygomatic bone.^{[1] [2]} Symptoms include flattening of the face, trismus (reduced opening of the jaw) and lateral subconjunctival hemorrhage.^[3]

Signs and symptoms

When zygoma fractures occur, the most typical symptoms are paresthesias in the upper lip, nose, cheek, and lower eyelid, diplopia, and pain. Particular physical characteristics that support zygomatic fracture include globe injury, impaired ocular motility, globe malposition, orbital emphysema, trismus, palpable stepoffs at the inferior or upper lateral edge of the orbit, reduced feeling throughout the infraorbital nerve's distribution, subconjunctival hemorrhage, periorbital ecchymoses, flattened malar eminence, and widened facial appearance.^[4]

Causes

High-impact trauma is almost always the cause of zygoma fractures. Assaults, car crashes, falls, and sports injuries are the most frequent mechanisms.^[5]

See also

• Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture

Further reading

• Zingg . Markus . Laedrach . Kurt . Chen . Joseph . Chowdhury . Khalid . Vuillemin . Thierry . Sutter . Franz . Raveh . Joram . Classification and treatment of zygomatic fractures: A review of 1,025 cases . Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery . Elsevier BV . 50 . 8 . 1992 . 0278-2391 . 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90266-3 . 778–790 . 1634968 . none.
• Kelley . Patrick . Hopper . Richard . Gruss . Joseph . Evaluation and Treatment of Zygomatic Fractures . Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) . 120 . Supplement 2 . 2007 . 0032-1052 . 10.1097/01.prs.0000260720.73370.d7 . 5S–15S . 18090725 . 28132740 . none.

Notes and References

1. Book: Demetriades. Demetrios. Newton. Edward. Color Atlas of Emergency Trauma. 2011. Cambridge University Press. 9781139502719. 40. 18 December 2017. en.
2. Book: Weinzweig. Jeffrey. Plastic Surgery Secrets Plus E-Book. 2010. Elsevier Health Sciences. 978-0323085908. 308. 18 December 2017. en.
3. Book: Snow. James Byron. Ballenger. John Jacob. Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 2009. PMPH-USA. 9781550093377. 688. 18 December 2017. en.
4. Ellstrom . Christopher L. . Evans . Gregory R. D. . Evidence-Based Medicine . Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) . 132 . 6 . 2013 . 0032-1052 . 10.1097/prs.0b013e3182a80819 . 1649–1657. 24281591 . 623223 .
5. Web site: Bergeron . Jeffrey M. . Raggio . Blake S. . Zygomatic Arch Fracture . StatPearls Publishing . June 27, 2022 . 31751088 . January 28, 2024.