Isotopes of yttrium explained

Natural yttrium (39Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are 88Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days, and 91Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except 87Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and 90Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable 89Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized.

90Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

|-| 76Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 37| 75.95845(54)#| 500# ns [>170&nbsp;ns]|||||-| rowspan=2|77Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 38| rowspan=2|76.94965(7)#| rowspan=2|63(17) ms| p (>99.9%)| 76Sr| rowspan=2|5/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β+ (<.1%)| 77Sr|-| 78Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 39| 77.94361(43)#| 54(5) ms| β+| 78Sr| (0+)||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 78mY| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(500)# keV| 5.8(5) s||| 5+#||-| rowspan=2|79Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40| rowspan=2|78.93735(48)| rowspan=2|14.8(6) s| β+ (>99.9%)| 79Sr| rowspan=2|(5/2+)#| rowspan=2||-| β+, p (<.1%)| 78Rb|-| 80Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 41| 79.93428(19)| 30.1(5) s| β+| 80Sr| 4−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 80m1Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 228.5(1) keV| 4.8(3) s||| (1−)||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 80m2Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 312.6(9) keV| 4.7(3) μs||| (2+)||-| 81Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 42| 80.92913(7)| 70.4(10) s| β+| 81Sr| (5/2+)||-| 82Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 43| 81.92679(11)| 8.30(20) s| β+| 82Sr| 1+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 82m1Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 402.63(14) keV| 268(25) ns||| 4−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 82m2Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 507.50(13) keV| 147(7) ns||| 6+||-| 83Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 44| 82.92235(5)| 7.08(6) min| β+| 83Sr| 9/2+||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 83mY| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 61.98(11) keV| rowspan=2|2.85(2) min| β+ (60%)| 83Sr| rowspan=2|(3/2−)| rowspan=2||-| IT (40%)| 83Y|-| 84Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 45| 83.92039(10)| 39.5(8) min| β+| 84Sr| 1+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 84mY| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | −80(190) keV| 4.6(2) s| β+| 84Sr| (5−)||-| 85Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 46| 84.916433(20)| 2.68(5) h| β+| 85Sr| (1/2)−||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 85m1Y| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 19.8(5) keV| rowspan=2|4.86(13) h| β+ (99.998%)| 85Sr| rowspan=2|9/2+| rowspan=2||-| IT (.002%)| 85Y|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 85m2Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 266.30(20) keV| 178(6) ns||| 5/2−||-| 86Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 47| 85.914886(15)| 14.74(2) h| β+| 86Sr| 4−||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 86m1Y| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 218.30(20) keV| rowspan=2|48(1) min| IT (99.31%)| 86Y| rowspan=2|(8+)| rowspan=2||-| β+ (.69%)| 86Sr|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 86m2Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 302.2(5) keV| 125(6) ns||| (7−)||-| 87Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 48| 86.9108757(17)| 79.8(3) h| β+| 87Sr| 1/2−||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 87mY| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 380.82(7) keV| rowspan=2|13.37(3) h| IT (98.43%)| 87Y| rowspan=2|9/2+| rowspan=2||-| β+ (1.56%)| 87Sr|-| 88Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 49| 87.9095011(20)| 106.616(13) d| β+| 88Sr| 4−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 88m1Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 674.55(4) keV| 13.9(2) ms| IT| 88Y| (8)+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 88m2Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 392.86(9) keV| 300(3) μs||| 1+||-| 89Y[1] | style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 50| 88.9058483(27)| colspan=3 align=center|Stable| 1/2−| 1.0000|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 89mY| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 908.97(3) keV| 15.663(5) s| IT| 89Y| 9/2+||-| 90Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 51| 89.9071519(27)| 64.053(20) h| β−| 90Zr| 2−||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 90mY| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 681.67(10) keV| rowspan=2|3.19(6) h| IT (99.99%)| 90Y| rowspan=2|7+| rowspan=2||-| β− (.0018%)| 90Zr|-| 91Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 52| 90.907305(3)| 58.51(6) d| β−| 91Zr| 1/2−||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 91mY| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 555.58(5) keV| rowspan=2|49.71(4) min| IT (98.5%)| 91Y| rowspan=2|9/2+| rowspan=2||-| β− (1.5%)| 91Zr|-| 92Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 53| 91.908949(10)| 3.54(1) h| β−| 92Zr| 2−||-| 93Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 54| 92.909583(11)| 10.18(8) h| β−| 93Zr| 1/2−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 93mY| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 758.719(21) keV| 820(40) ms| IT| 93Y| 7/2+||-| 94Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 55| 93.911595(8)| 18.7(1) min| β−| 94Zr| 2−||-| 95Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 56| 94.912821(8)| 10.3(1) min| β−| 95Zr| 1/2−||-| 96Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 57| 95.915891(25)| 5.34(5) s| β−| 96Zr| 0−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 96mY| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1140(30) keV| 9.6(2) s| β−| 96Zr| (8)+||-| rowspan=2|97Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 58| rowspan=2|96.918134(13)| rowspan=2|3.75(3) s| β− (99.942%)| 97Zr| rowspan=2|(1/2−)| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (.058%)| 96Zr|-| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 97m1Y| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 667.51(23) keV| rowspan=3|1.17(3) s| β− (99.3%)| 97Zr| rowspan=3|(9/2)+| rowspan=3||-| IT (.7%)| 97Y|-| β−, n (.08%)| 96Zr|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 97m2Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3523.3(4) keV| 142(8) ms||| (27/2−)||-| rowspan=2|98Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59| rowspan=2|97.922203(26)| rowspan=2|0.548(2) s| β− (99.669%)| 98Zr| rowspan=2|(0)−| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (.331%)| 97Zr|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 98m1Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 170.74(6) keV| 620(80) ns||| (2)−| |-| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 98m2Y| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 410(30) keV| rowspan=3|2.0(2) s| β− (86.6%)| 98Zr| rowspan=3|(5+,4−)| rowspan=3||-| IT (10%)| 98Y|-| β−, n (3.4%)| 97Zr|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 98m3Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 496.19(15) keV| 7.6(4) μs||| (2−)||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 98m4Y| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1181.1(4) keV| 0.83(10) μs||| (8−)||-| rowspan=2|99Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60| rowspan=2|98.924636(26)| rowspan=2|1.470(7) s| β− (98.1%)| 99Zr| rowspan=2|(5/2+)| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (1.9%)| 98Zr|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 99mY| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2141.65(19) keV| 8.6(8) μs||| (17/2+)||-| rowspan=2|100Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61| rowspan=2|99.92776(8)| rowspan=2|735(7) ms| β− (98.98%)| 100Zr| rowspan=2|1−,2−| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (1.02%)| 99Zr|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 100mY| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(200)# keV| 940(30) ms| β−| 100Zr| (3,4,5)(+#)||-| rowspan=2|101Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62| rowspan=2|100.93031(10)| rowspan=2|426(20) ms| β− (98.06%)| 101Zr| rowspan=2|(5/2+)| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (1.94%)| 100Zr|-| rowspan=2|102Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 63| rowspan=2|101.93356(9)| rowspan=2|0.30(1) s| β− (95.1%)| 102Zr| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (4.9%)| 101Zr|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 102mY| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(200)# keV| rowspan=2|360(40) ms| β− (94%)| 102Zr| rowspan=2|high| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (6%)| 101Zr|-| rowspan=2|103Y| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 64| rowspan=2|102.93673(32)#| rowspan=2|224(19) ms| β− (91.7%)| 103Zr| rowspan=2|5/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (8.3%)| 102Zr|-| 104Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 65| 103.94105(43)#| 180(60) ms| β−| 104Zr|||-| 105Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 66| 104.94487(54)#| 60# ms [>300&nbsp;ns]| β−| 105Zr| 5/2+#||-| 106Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 67| 105.94979(75)#| 50# ms [>300&nbsp;ns]| β−| 106Zr|||-| 107Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 68| 106.95414(54)#| 30# ms [>300&nbsp;ns]||| 5/2+#||-| 108Y[2] | style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 69| 107.95948(86)#| 20# ms [>300&nbsp;ns]|||||-| 109Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 70| | |||||-| 110Y[3] | style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 71| ||||||-| 111Y| style="text-align:right" | 39| style="text-align:right" | 72| | ||||

References

  1. [Fission product]
  2. Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon . Tetsuya . Ohnishi . Toshiyuki . Kubo . Kensuke . Kusaka . etal . 2010 . J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. . Physical Society of Japan . 79 . 7 . 073201 . 10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201. 1006.0305 . 2010JPSJ...79g3201T . free.
  3. Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr. T.. Sumikama. Physical Review C . et al.. 2021. 103 . 1 . 014614 . 10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614 . 2021PhRvC.103a4614S . 10261/260248 . 234019083 . free .

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