| C: | 曳撒袍 |
| P: | Yèsāpáo |
| Piccap: | A modern yesa robe. |
| P2: | Yī sā |
| C2: | 一撒 |
Yesa robe, also known simply referred as Yesa, Yisan, or Yisa, is an ancient type of Chinese clothing worn during the Ming dynasty.[1] [2] It originated in the Ming dynasty but was influenced from clothing of the Yuan dynasty. It is sometimes described as being a sinicized version of the Mongol's jisün[3] and could only be found in China. Yesa was a regular clothing in the Ming dynasty; it was initially worn in the palace and by the wealthy, and it later spread to the commoners.
The yesa robe is a cross-collared, long sleeved robe with narrow pleats on the lower hem; while the back of the lower part is flat, the front had two densely pleated sides with a flat middle, similar to the mamianqun. It has two hems at each sides. Compared to the Mongol Yuan's terlig, the sleeves and the bodice were wider; the pleats were also wide compared to very finely gathered skirt of the Mongol's terlig; the yesa also had no waistband; the skirt was also longer.
The absence of the threaded/braided waistband, the absence of pleats at the centre back and front of the skirt; the presence of large side pleats were the main features of the yesa; these features were developed in the Ming dynasty and were not of Mongol origins. These features also differentiated it from its precursor.
The yesa also showed sedentary life-style and Chinese cultural characteristics: its increase in length made it lose its functionality for horse-riding purposes, the flat centre back appeared as well-arranged pleats were to hard to maintain when sitting. Moreover, the folds which were originally found at the centre front of the terlig also had to disappear as it interrupted the dignity of the vertical line, a feature which was important in Chinese clothing culture.
See also: Fashion in Yuan dynasty. During the Ming dynasty, some clothing incorporated the clothing elements from the Han Chinese and the Mongol clothing tradition; one of those mixed-elements is the yesa.[4] The clothing known as yesa originated in the Ming dynasty, but some of its elements were either adopted from the Yuan dynasty Mongol's terlig, or directly from the Mongol's jisün clothing which is also a form of terlig. The yesa is itself a new evolution of terlig.[5]
The yesa robe is a form of kuzhe (; clothing with trousers for riding or military style clothing); however, the design of the yesa made it no more functional for horse riding.[6]
The yesa was worn as an informal attire by emperors, princes, ministers, and officials in their spare time during the early period of the Ming dynasty; it was worn as a formal uniforms in some occasions during the middle period of the Ming dynasty; it was worn as a casual dress worn by scholar-officials during the mid-to-late period of the Ming dynasty; and eventually it was worn by servants and commoners in the late Ming.
The Ming court eunuchs wore yesa robe in different styles, such as the red-coloured yesa robes with a qilin patch, round-collared yesa robes, and light green yesa robe, etc.