| Ich: | Xhubleta, skills, craftsmanship and forms of usage |
| State Party: | Albania |
| Id: | 01880 |
| Region: | ENA |
| Year: | 2022 |
| Session: | 17th |
| List: | Need of Urgent Safeguarding |
The Xhubleta is an undulating, bell-shaped folk skirt, traditionally worn by Albanian women in northern Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Montenegro. It is a garment that survived from ancient times exclusively in Albanian inhabited territories, and it is a unique type of dress for its particular shape, structure, and decorating system. There are two types of xhubleta: one is narrow and the other is large. The Xhubleta was included in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding by UNESCO in 2022.[1] [2]
The Xhubleta has ancient origins. It represents similarities to wearing of some Neolithic figures found in Bosnia, but also in other areas of the Mediterranean region, belonging to the second millennium BC, and linking accordingly with old Mediterranean civilisation.[3] [4] It is usually decorated with Albanian symbolic elements of ancient pagan origins, such as the symbols of the sun, of the moon, of the stars, eagles, and serpents. The mostly geometric ornaments show the archaic character of this costume.[4]
The xhubleta usually is hung on the shoulders using two straps. It has 13 to 17 strips and 5 pieces of felt. The bosom and the part of the xhubleta covered by the apron are made out of crocheted black wool.[5] The bell shape is accentuated in the back part.[6]
There are two types of xhubleta: one is narrow and the other is large. In regard to colors, only two colors are nowadays used: the white one for the unmarried women and the black one for the married ones,[7] however in the past many colors were used, as witnessed by a 17th-century author, who claimed that the peacock did not have as many colors as the xhubleta worn by the women of Kelmend.[6] It is thought that the diminishing in colors in the last two centuries is due to the limitation of its use only in remote mountainous areas.[6]