Usage share of web browsers explained

The usage share of web browsers is the portion, often expressed as a percentage, of visitors to a group of web sites that use a particular web browser.

Accuracy

Measuring browser usage in the number of requests (page hits) made by each user agent can be misleading.

Overestimation

Not all requests are generated by a user, as a user agent can make requests at regular time intervals without user input. In this case, the user's activity might be overestimated. Some examples:

Underestimation

It is also possible to underestimate the usage share by using the number of requests, for example:

User agent spoofing

Websites often include code to detect browser version to adjust the page design sent according to the user agent string received. This may mean that less popular browsers are not sent complex content (even though they might be able to deal with it correctly) or, in extreme cases, refused all content.[8] Thus, various browsers have a feature to cloak or spoof their identification to force certain server-side content.

Differences in measurement

Net Applications, in their NetMarketShare report, uses unique visitors to measure web usage.[11] The effect is that users visiting a site ten times will only be counted once by these sources, while they are counted ten times by statistics companies that measure page hits.

Net Applications uses country-level weighting as well.[12] The goal of weighting countries based on their usage is to mitigate selection area based sampling bias. This bias is caused by the differences in the percentage of tracked hits in the sample, and the percentage of global usage tracked by third party sources. This difference is caused by the heavier levels of market usage.[13]

Statistics from the United States government's Digital Analytics Program (DAP) do not represent world-wide usage patterns. DAP uses raw data from a unified Google Analytics account.

Summary tables

The following tables summarize the usage share of all browsers for the indicated months.

Usage share of all browsers
BrowserWikimedia[14]
October 2021
NetMarketShare[15]
October 2021
StatCounter
February 2022
StatCounter[16]
February 2023
StatCounter[17]
May 2024
52.5% 66.64% 62.78% 65.76% 65.12%
23.9% 13.92% 19.30% 18.84% 18.17%
Edge3.0% 4.55% 4.06% 4.28% 5.21%
Firefox4.4% 2.18% 4.21% 2.93% 2.82%
Samsung Internet2.2% 3.04% 2.77% 2.59% 2.66%
Opera1.0% 3.02% 2.26% 2.26% 2.54%
Others13.0% 6.65% 4.62% 3.34% 2.94%
Usage share of desktop browsers
Browser W3Counter[18]
September 2021
StatCounter[19]
October 2021
NetMarketShare[20]
October 2021
Wikimedia[21]
October 2021
StatCounter[22]
May 2024
63.3% 67.17% 72.96% 58.0% 64.87%
17.7% 9.63% 2.72% 9.3% 8.79%
5.4% 9.33% 12.61% 7.8% 13.14%
5.8% 7.87% 5.54% 10.7% 6.64%
1.3% 2.89% 1.01% 2.0% 3.23%
6.5% 3.11% 5.56% 12.2% 3.33%
Usage share of mobile browsers!Browser!StatCounter[23]
October 2021!NetMarketShare[24]
October 2021 !! Wikimedia[25]
October 2021
63.57% 63.07% 48.1%
25.61% 19.01% 32.2%
5.17% 5.00% 3.5%
2.02% 4.47% 0.2%
1.72% 0.41% 0.0%
0.49% 0.30% 0.7%
Others1.42% 7.74% 15.3%
Usage share of tablet browsers
BrowserStatcounter[26] September 2020NetMarketShare[27] September 2020
Safari46.86%46.40%
Chrome39.77%44.82%
AOSP11.42%2.45%
Samsung Internet3.53%
Opera0.62%0.63%
Firefox0.30%0.19%
Others1.03%1.98%

Crossover to smartphones having majority share

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, "mobile" (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time and by the end of the year smartphones were in the majority. Since 27 October, the desktop has not shown a majority, even on weekdays.

Previously, according to StatCounter press release, the world has become desktop-minority;[28], there was about 49% of desktop usage for that month. The two biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have been mobile-majority for a while, and Australia is by now desktop-minority too.[29] [30] A few countries in Europe and South America have also followed this trend of being mobile-majority.

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[31]

Older reports (2000–2019)

StatCounter (Jan 2009 to October 2019)

StatCounter statistics are directly derived from hits (not unique visitors) from 3 million sites using StatCounter totaling more than 15 billion hits per month.[32] No weightings are used.

Global Desktop stats from StatCounter (Top 5 browsers)
Date
Chrome

Firefox

Safari

Internet
Explorer

Edge

Other

Mobile

<
--If you wish to update these values make sure it is based on the average for the relevant month, the whole month and nothing but the month. Make sure the Time Period is in the format "MMM YY" or "1 to DD MMM YY" with DD being 28, 30, 31 depending on the month (29 if it is a February in a leap-year). Do NOT use weeks. Show data greather than 1% -->
October 201968.91% 9.25% 8.68% 4.45% 4.51% 4.20% 54.07%
September 201969.08% 9.54% 7.41% 4.99% 4.71% 4.27% 53.75%
August 201971.15% 9.52% 5.80% 4.40% 4.71% 4.43% 53.66%
July 201971.05% 9.52% 5.41% 5.00% 4.60% 4.41% 53.08%
June 201970.71% 9.76% 5.64% 5.03% 4.50% 4.36% 52.69%
May 201969.09% 10.01% 7.25% 5.14% 4.32% 4.21% 49.40%
April 201969.55% 9.78% 6.91% 5.16% 4.37% 4.23% 50.27%
March 201969.52% 9.58% 6.46% 5.44% 4.56% 4.44% 51.01%
February 201971.58% 8.72% 5.77% 5.34% 4.34% 4.24% 49.87%
January 201970.88% 9.50% 5.15% 5.74% 4.41% 4.32% 51.09%
December 201870.95% 10.05% 5.06% 5.40% 4.17% 4.38% 50.97%
November 201872.38% 9.10% 5.06% 5.38% 4.00% 4.07% 45.91%
October 201869.64% 10.14% 5.61% 6.01% 4.21% 4.38% 50.22%
September 201867.88% 10.94% 5.58% 6.45% 4.36% 4.78% 53.95%
August 201867.66% 10.96% 5.13% 6.97% 4.24% 5.03% 54.80%
July 201867.60% 11.23% 5.01% 6.97% 4.19% 5.00% 55.12%
June 201866.87% 11.44% 5.38% 7.13% 4.16% 5.02% 54.62%
May 201866.93% 11.55% 5.48% 6.97% 4.15% 4.92% 54.11%
April 201866.17% 11.78% 5.48% 7.17% 4.26% 5.14% 53.42%
March 201866.93% 11.60% 5.37% 7.02% 4.18% 4.90% 53.80%
February 201867.49% 11.54% 5.42% 6.91% 4.04% 4.60% 54.02%
January 201865.98% 11.87% 5.87% 7.28% 4.11% 4.88% 54.20%
December 201764.72% 12.21% 6.29% 7.71% 4.18% 4.88% 54.81%
November 201764.02% 12.55% 6.08% 8.47% 4.29% 4.59% 52.27%
October 201763.60% 13.04% 5.89% 8.34% 4.43% 4.69% 53.19%
September 201763.98% 13.60% 5.46% 8.21% 4.30% 4.46% 54.71%
August 201763.58% 13.73% 5.51% 8.61% 3.95% 4.61% 55.18%
July 201763.48% 13.82% 5.04% 9.03% 3.95% 4.68% 56.70%
June 201763.23% 13.98% 5.15% 9.28% 3.89% 4.47% 55.69%
May 201763.36% 14.17% 5.25% 9.20% 3.74% 4.28% 54.25%
April 201763.45% 14.53% 5.20% 9.00% 3.71% 4.11% 54.58%
March 201762.81% 14.97% 5.28% 9.39% 3.64% 3.92% 53.36%
February 201762.95% 14.81% 5.34% 9.62% 3.68% 3.60% 52.37%
January 201762.09% 14.85% 5.28% 10.49% 3.58% 3.71% 52.28%
July 201662.38% 15.43% 4.59% 10.67% 3.04% 3.85% 47.18%
Date
Chrome

Internet
Explorer

Firefox

Safari

Opera

Other

Mobile

January 201657.75% 16.00% 15.95% 4.60% 2.03% 3.68% 41.04%
July 201555.39% 18.86% 17.24% 4.70% 1.91% 1.90% 39.46%
January 201551.72% 21.16% 18.70% 4.94% 1.67% 1.81% 33.24%
July 201448.69% 22.52% 19.25% 4.89% 1.45% 2.19% 29.48%
January 201446.60% 24.65% 20.39% 5.09% 1.32% 1.96% 23.77%
July 201345.40% 26.50% 21.31% 4.80% 1.11% 1.32% 17.35%
January 201338.08% 32.25% 22.47% 5.12% 1.22% 0.86% 14.13%
July 201233.81% 32.04% 23.73% 7.12% 1.72% 1.58% 11.09%
January 201228.40% 37.45% 24.78% 6.62% 1.95% 0.79% 8.49%
July 201122.14% 42.45% 27.95% 5.14% 1.66% 0.63% 7.02%
January 201115.68% 46.00% 30.68% 5.09% 2.00% 0.55% 4.30%
July 20109.88% 52.68% 30.69% 4.09% 1.91% 0.74% 2.86%
January 20106.04% 55.25% 31.64% 3.76% 2.00% 1.31% 1.56%
July 20093.01% 60.11% 30.50% 3.02% 2.64% 0.72% 1.05%
January 20091.38% 65.41% 27.03% 2.57% 2.92% 0.70% 0.67%

W3Counter (May 2007 to December 2022)

This site counts the last 15,000 page views from each of approximately 80,000 websites.This limits the influence of sites with more than 15,000 monthly visitors on the usage statistics.W3Counter is not affiliated with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

Global Web Stats from W3Counter
DateGoogle ChromeSafariInternet Explorer & EdgeFirefoxOpera
December 202271.2% 15.1% 3.7% 3.0% 1.3%
November 202267.9% 17.2% 4.2% 3.3% 1.5%
October 202266.7% 17.7% 4.4% 3.2% 1.5%
September 202269.2% 15.6% 4.2% 3.4% 1.2%
August 202269.9% 15.7% 3.7% 3.5% 1.1%
July 202268.7% 16.9% 3.4% 3.6% 1.3%
June 202268.3% 16.3% 3.3% 3.8% 1.3%
May 202271.6% 15.2% 3.8% 2.6% 1.1%
April 202270.2% 15.4% 4.8% 2.8% 1.1%
March 202264.9% 15.4% 6.3% 4.1% 2.5%
February 202267.9% 16.2% 5.5% 3.2% 1.4%
January 202264.4% 17.0% 6.1% 4.0% 1.4%
December 202166.0% 16.9% 5.2% 3.2% 1.5%
November 202166.6% 16.4% 5.2% 3.2% 1.3%
October 202165.4% 16.5% 5.9% 3.6% 1.2%
September 202163.3% 17.7% 5.4% 5.8% 1.3%
August 202162.9% 17.7% 4.9% 4.8% 1.1%
July 202165.7% 16.6% 4.7% 2.9% 1.1%
June 202165.3% 16.7% 5.2% 3.3% 1.4%
May 202165.2% 16.6% 4.9% 3.2% 1.4%
April 202165.3% 16.7% 5.7% 4.1% 1.6%
March 202165.2% 17.5% 5.6% 4.4% 1.6%
February 202165.3% 17.1% 5.6% 4.3% 1.5%
January 202165.3% 17.0% 5.6% 4.1% 1.5%
December 202065.3% 16.7% 5.5% 4.4% 1.5%
November 202066.1% 17.1% 5.3% 4.5% 1.5%
October 202063.8% 17.9% 5.6% 4.6% 1.6%
September 202062.6% 18.0% 6.3% 4.8% 1.6%
August 202061.8% 17.3% 7.1% 4.8% 1.5%
July 202061.0% 16.1% 8.9% 5.0% 1.6%
June 202063.0% 14.4% 8.0% 5.1% 1.8%
May 202063.7% 13.6% 6.3% 4.5% 2.1%
April 202062.4% 12.2% 7.0% 4.6% 2.5%
March 202059.3% 12.3% 9.1% 4.5% 3.0%
February 202058.1% 13.0% 12.9% 5.4% 2.7%
January 202058.2% 17.7% 7.1% 5.5% 2.6%
December 201956.1% 18.1% 7.5% 5.5% 3.7%
November 201959.2% 14.6% 9.6% 6.1% 3.5%
October 201957.0% 13.4% 9.4% 6.9% 3.3%
September 201958.7% 12.5% 8.1% 6.3% 3.0%
August 201956.8% 12.3% 7.8% 5.3% 2.1%
July 201955.4% 12.5% 8.6% 6.5% 2.8%
June 201956.8% 13.3% 8.1% 6.8% 2.4%
May 201957.4% 13.5% 6.8% 6.8% 2.4%
April 201960.1% 12.7% 6.8% 6.1% 2.8%
March 201965.4% 13.6% 6.2% 6.3% 3.0%
February 201963.9% 14.1% 7.1% 6.5% 3.1%
January 201964.5% 14.3% 7.0% 6.3% 3.0%
December 201864.4% 14.6% 7.2% 6.3% 3.0%
November 201864.7% 14.2% 7.4% 6.7% 3.0%
October 201861.7% 13.1% 6.6% 6.5% 2.8%
September 201862.2% 13.4% 6.3% 7.1% 3.0%
August 201860.3% 13.1% 6.7% 7.2% 3.1%
July 201857.8% 14.0% 5.9% 6.0% 3.7%
June 201855.2% 13.5% 6.1% 5.4% 3.2%
May 201856.6% 14.7% 7.1% 6.5% 3.5%
April 201858.8% 14.6% 6.9% 6.4% 3.5%
March 201860.6% 15.4% 7.6% 7.2% 2.9%
February 201859.9% 15.7% 7.3% 8.5% 3.4%
January 201858.4% 15.3% 7.8% 9.1% 3.9%
December 201758.8% 14.5% 8.0% 9.3% 4.0%
November 201759.2% 14.3% 8.1% 9.3% 4.0%
October 201758.8% 13.4% 9.8% 9.1% 3.2%
September 201757.0% 13.2% 11.2% 9.1% 3.2%
August 201756.8% 14.9% 9.1% 8.1% 5.0%
July 201764.0% 13.6% 8.0% 6.8% 3.2%
June 201762.4% 13.5% 8.9% 7.8% 3.2%
May 201758.1% 14.9% 9.7% 9.0% 3.0%
April 201761.2% 15.9% 8.2% 6.3% 2.9%
March 201758.9% 15.2% 7.2% 7.2% 3.8%
February 201757.2% 13.2% 8.5% 9.0% 5.0%
January 201758.4% 13.3% 8.1% 9.5% 4.4%
July 201659.5% 13.1% 10.2% 10.1% 2.6%
January 201647.3% 20.7% 12.3% 11.4% 3.2%
July 201546.5% 16.5% 13.6% 13.3% 3.9%
January 201543.2% 15.2% 17.3% 15.3% 3.1%
July 201438.7% 15.4% 21.3% 15.3% 3.1%
January 201434.3% 17.9% 20.4% 18.4% 2.7%
July 201333.4% 15.2% 23.0% 19.1% 2.4%
January 201330.1% 14.8% 27.6% 20.1% 2.3%
July 201228.5% 13.4% 28.7% 23.2% 2.2%
January 201225.3% 6.7% 31.8% 25.5% 2.5%
July 201120.2% 6.6% 36.6% 28.5% 2.4%
January 201114.6% 6.0% 41.1% 31.9% 2.1%
July 201010.6% 2.1% 48.3% 34.1% 2.3%
January 20106.4% 5.5% 50.6% 32.9% 2.2%
July 20093.4% 4.8% 54.4% 32.4% 1.8%
January 20090.2% 2.8% 60.2% 32.1% 2.0%
July 20082.5% 62.3% 30.4% 2.1%
January 20082.8% 63.1% 29.1% 2.0%
July 20072.2% 66.9% 25.1% 1.8%
May 20072.4% 67.7% 25.0% 1.8%
DateGoogle ChromeSafariInternet ExplorerFirefoxOpera

Net Applications (May 2016 to November 2019)

Net Applications bases its usage share on statistics from 40,000 websites having around 160 million unique visitors per month. The mean site has 1300 unique visitors per day.

Global usage share of desktop browsers data from: Net Applications
Period
Chrome

Firefox

Internet
Explorer

Edge

Safari

Sogou
Explorer
QQ

Opera

Yandex

UC

November 201967.15% 8.15% 6.81% 5.97% 5.29% 1.78% 1.66% 1.28% 0.81% 0.40%
October 201967.38% 8.62% 6.47% 6.10% 4.82% 1.83% 1.66% 1.32% 0.84% 0.31%
September 201968.33% 8.68% 6.30% 5.93% 4.26% 1.59% 1.45% 1.42% 0.98% 0.34%
August 201968.60% 8.43% 7.50% 6.34% 3.85% 1.72% 1.58% 1.39% 0.86% 0.26%
July 201967.22% 8.34% 7.44% 5.80% 3.40% 1.70% 1.52% 1.43% 0.88% 0.34%
June 201966.29% 8.86% 7.30% 6.03% 3.32% 1.35% 1.30% 1.54% 0.87% 0.32%
May 201967.90% 9.46% 7.70% 5.36% 3.30% 1.47% 1.33% 1.52% 0.95% 0.39%
April 201965.64% 10.23% 8.44% 5.53% 3.58% 1.63% 1.40% 1.57% 0.89% 0.37%
March 201967.88% 9.27% 7.34% 5.20% 3.69% 1.50% 1.33% 1.65% 0.97% 0.44%
February 201966.89% 9.39% 8.23% 4.79% 3.56% 1.49% 1.60% 1.63% 0.83% 0.46%
January 201967.29% 9.92% 7.94% 4.61% 4.00% 1.24% 1.31% 1.60% 0.80% 0.44%
December 201867.18% 9.58% 8.31% 4.09% 3.71% 1.69% 1.71% 1.68% 0.68% 0.51%
November 201865.57% 8.96% 9.64% 4.22% 3.74% 1.73% 1.68% 1.56% 0.67% 0.55%
October 201866.43% 9.25% 9.48% 4.28% 3.74% 1.43% 1.53% 1.55% 0.63% 0.49%
September 201866.28% 9.62% 9.94% 4.08% 3.59% 1.23% 1.20% 1.61% 0.59% 0.60%
August 201865.21% 9.76% 10.86% 4.30% 3.65% 1.15% 1.14% 1.66% 0.64% 0.52%
July 201864.67% 9.68% 11.15% 4.21% 3.49% 1.49% 1.55% 1.58% 0.46% 0.60%
June 201862.77% 10.12% 12.22% 4.25% 3.70% 1.45% 1.49% 1.58% 0.56% 0.59%
May 201862.85% 9.92% 11.82% 4.26% 3.71% 1.47% 1.55% 1.67% 0.58% 0.75%
April 201861.77% 10.52% 12.20% 4.46% 3.94% 1.60% 1.72% 1.50% 0.72% 0.80%
March 201861.77% 10.52% 12.20% 4.46% 3.94% 1.49% 1.38% 1.45% 0.65% 0.66%
February 201861.55% 11.15% 11.66% 4.44% 4.39% 1.32% 1.21% 1.73% 0.72% 0.63%
January 201861.41% 10.85% 11.84% 4.67% 4.18% 1.64% 1.20% 1.60% 0.62% 0.71%
December 201760.57% 11.02% 12.36% 4.61% 4.00% 1.79% 1.47% 1.56% 0.58% 0.76%
November 201760.61% 11.42% 12.04% 4.21% 3.85% 1.84% 1.53% 1.51% 0.77% 0.78%
October 201759.99% 11.71% 12.25% 4.06% 3.78% 1.92% 1.80% 1.41% 0.55% 0.70%
September 201760.67% 13.26% 11.80% 3.71% 3.54% 1.70% 1.28% 1.38% 0.55% 0.66%
August 201761.05% 12.26% 12.07% 3.67% 3.14% 1.74% 1.70% 1.52% 0.59% 0.74%
July 201759.65% 12.59% 12.96% 3.78% 3.22% 1.72% 1.64% 1.58% 0.61% 0.82%
June 201760.08% 12.53% 12.75% 3.80% 3.24% 1.66% 1.40% 1.55% 0.66% 0.97%
May 201758.92% 12.90% 12.91% 3.97% 3.38% 1.81% 1.32% 1.56% 0.91% 0.78%
April 201755.95% 13.13% 14.41% 3.97% 3.35% 1.86% 1.98% 1.77% 1.29% 0.72%
March 201755.81% 15.50% 14.61% 3.63% 3.26% 1.69% 0.96% 1.93% 0.38% 0.78%
February 201759.17% 14.88% 11.82% 3.22% 3.13% 1.32% 0.84% 1.59% 0.52% 0.61%
January 201756.65% 15.56% 14.93% 3.32% 3.43% 1.33% 0.85% 1.41% 0.36% 0.52%
July 201655.50% 15.27% 14.79% 2.97% 4.57% 1.34% 0.79% 1.61% 0.86% 0.32%
May 201656.20% 14.79% 14.89% 2.31% 4.67% 1.05% 0.60% 2.95% 0.50% 0.31%

Wikimedia (April 2009 to March 2015)

Wikimedia traffic analysis reports are based on server logs of about 4 billion page requests per month, based on the user agent information that accompanied the requests.[33] These server logs cover requests to all the Wikimedia Foundation projects, including Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikinews, Wikiversity and others.[34]

Note: Wikimedia has recently had a large percentage of unrecognised browsers, previously counted as Firefox, that are now assumed to be Internet Explorer 11 fixed in the February 2014 and later numbers. And February 2014 numbers include mobile for Internet Explorer and Firefox (not included in Android). Chrome did not include the mobile numbers at that time while Android does since there was an "Android browser" that was the default browser at that time.

Usage share data from Wikimedia visitor log analysis report: All Requests
PeriodChrome
Firefox
Internet
Explorer
SafariOperaAndroid
Mobile
Total
DesktopMobileTotalDesktopMobileTotal
March 2015 29.61% 14.23% 10.86% 2.97% 16.68% 19.65% 0.65% 1.41% 2.06% 17.45% 38.37%
February 201427.94% 12.00% 17.01% 3.83% 17.97% 21.80% 1.50% 1.27% 2.77% 12.59% 35.03%
[//stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2014-01/SquidReportClients.htm January 2014]27.32% 18.15% 11.78% 3.88% 19.41% 23.29% 1.51% 1.32% 2.83% 12.89% 35.01%
December 201330.70% 17.90% 11.48% 3.45% 18.03% 21.48% 1.54% 1.32% 2.86% 11.52% 32.20%
November 201335.04% 17.37% 13.80% 2.52% 15.17% 17.69% 1.49% 1.16% 2.65% 9.45% 26.99%
October 201333.93% 16.12% 15.46% 2.36% 14.34% 16.70% 1.53% 1.17% 2.70% 9.00% 26.32%
August 201331.07% 17.17% 15.98% 2.69% 15.92% 18.61% 1.87% 1.14% 3.01% 9.18% 28.25%
July 201332.33% 16.90% 15.65% 2.63% 15.66% 18.29% 2.06% 1.18% 3.24% 8.56% 27.38%
[//stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-06/SquidReportClients.htm June 2013]35.16% 17.83% 15.93% 2.37% 13.13% 15.50% 2.18% 1.10% 3.28% 6.45% 22.32%
May 201335.23% 17.79% 16.99% 2.19% 12.63% 14.82% 2.41% 1.14% 3.55% 6.32% 21.83%
April 201334.16% 18.16% 16.95% 2.31% 13.61% 15.92% 2.42% 1.18% 3.60% 6.55% 23.13%
March 201333.22% 16.28% 17.03% 4.34% 13.59% 17.93% 2.55% 1.18% 3.73% 6.51% 23.13%
February 201332.21% 16.80% 18.27% 4.56% 13.06% 17.62% 2.57% 1.21% 3.78% 6.25% 22.44%
January 201331.34% 17.61% 18.68% 4.64% 12.66% 17.30% 2.72% 1.16% 3.88% 6.01% 21.71%
July 201227.20% 19.23% 23.70% 4.88% 10.60% 15.48% 3.00% 1.50% 4.50% 4.55% 18.19%
January 201222.20% 22.30% 29.51% 5.87% 7.58% 13.45% 3.94% 1.21% 5.15% 3.21% 13.40%
July 201116.81% 24.98% 36.78% 5.44% 5.31% 10.75% 3.32% 0.90% 4.22% 1.71% 9.80%
January 201111.75% 28.71% 41.56% 5.53% 3.73% 9.26% 3.55% 0.70% 4.25% 0.90% 6.90%
Usage share data from Wikimedia visitor log analysis report
Period
Internet
Explorer

Firefox

Chrome

Safari

Opera

Other
Mozilla

Mobile

December 201042.12% 28.82% 11.18% 5.70% 3.67% 0.52% 6.4%
July 201047.74% 30.43% 7.52% 5.18% 2.89% 0.53% 4.5%
January 201051.01% 30.85% 4.81% 5.13% 3.18% 0.56% 3.1%
July 200954.55% 31.52% 2.77% 4.51% 2.38% 0.70% 2.4%
April 200957.37% 30.71% 1.93% 3.86% 2.57% 0.68% 1.9%

Clicky (September 2009 to August 2013)

Global usage share data from GetClicky.com
Period
Internet
Explorer

Chrome

Firefox

Safari

Opera

Other Mozilla

August 201328.76% 39.48% 20.86% 9.55% 1.04% 0.31%
July 201328.64% 39.44% 21.27% 9.19% 1.14% 0.31%
June 201329.08% 38.92% 21.22% 9.28% 1.17% 0.32%
May 201329.14% 38.39% 21.19% 9.86% 1.13% 0.29%
April 201330.57% 37.12% 21.36% 9.48% 1.22% 0.27%
March 201331.92% 35.83% 21.29% 9.52% 1.21% 0.24%
February 201333.10% 34.57% 21.40% 9.51% 1.21% 0.20%
January 201335.67% 32.79% 20.79% 9.41% 1.16% 0.19%
July 201235.77% 29.87% 23.61% 9.18% 1.43% 0.13%
January 201238.59% 25.75% 24.74% 9.55% 1.28% 0.09%
July 201142.06% 20.25% 27.35% 9.07% 1.20% 0.07%
January 201146.00% 15.25% 28.74% 8.62% 1.27% 0.12%
July 201049.26% 10.53% 30.88% 7.89% 1.26% 0.18%
January 201050.73% 6.85% 32.89% 7.79% 1.51% 0.23%
September 200954.58% 4.25% 31.96% 7.44% 1.34% 0.43%

StatOwl.com (September 2008 to November 2012)

US usage share data from StatOwl.com
Period
Internet
Explorer

Firefox,
Other Mozilla
Chrome

Safari

Opera

Gecko

Netscape
Navigator

November 2012 43.38% 19.42% 24.91% 9.27% 0.75% 0.84%
October 2012 44.40% 19.62% 24.09% 9.42% 0.68% 0.55%
September 2012 45.03% 19.26% 23.31% 9.84% 0.65% 0.78%
August 2012 45.87% 19.49% 22.53% 10.14% 0.59% 0.43%
July 2012 46.95% 19.03% 22.31% 9.96% 0.52% 0.36%
June 2012 46.69% 19.42% 21.76% 9.80% 0.55% 0.30%
May 2012 46.47% 20.47% 20.88% 10.04% 0.55% 0.30%
April 2012 48.28% 19.73% 19.39% 10.51% 0.44% 0.27%
March 2012 49.18% 19.46% 18.10% 11.14% 0.38% 0.29%
February 2012 50.98% 19.00% 17.05% 11.16% 0.33% 0.22%
January 2012 51.81% 18.98% 16.77% 10.93% 0.38% 0.15%
December 2011 51.42% 19.73% 16.78% 10.69% 0.39% 0.16%
November 2011 51.17% 20.15% 16.13% 11.29% 0.38% 0.16%
October 2011 52.59% 20.06% 15.01% 11.13% 0.36% 0.17%
September 2011 53.79% 20.18% 13.79% 10.81% 0.37% 0.21%
August 2011 53.81% 20.61% 13.64% 10.75% 0.39% 0.15%
July 2011 55.26% 20.29% 12.58% 10.68% 0.37% 0.13%
June 2011 56.23% 20.85% 12.04% 9.77% 0.46%
May 2011 57.48% 20.43% 11.06% 9.88% 0.49%
April 2011 57.08% 21.40% 10.85% 9.47% 0.53%
March 2011 60.27% 19.57% 9.60% 9.62% 0.42%
February 2011 60.92% 19.21% 9.13% 9.59% 0.40% 0.42%
January 2011 61.28% 19.57% 8.80% 9.40% 0.39% 0.31%
December 2010 60.98% 20.14% 8.61% 9.33% 0.40% 0.24%
November 2010 62.13% 19.69% 7.46% 9.42% 0.37% 0.18%
October 2010 62.54% 19.76% 7.17% 9.03% 0.36% 0.15%
September 2010 62.68% 20.51% 6.99% 8.83% 0.36% 0.15%
August 2010 62.66% 20.94% 6.83% 8.83% 0.35% 0.14%
July 2010 61.73% 21.66% 6.95% 8.94% 0.36% 0.11%
June 2010 63.37% 21.26% 6.24% 8.52% 0.33%
May 2010 64.17% 21.12% 5.59% 8.31% 0.37%
April 2010 64.55% 21.35% 5.23% 8.12% 0.40%
March 2010 66.34% 19.90% 4.39% 8.59% 0.31%
February 2010 66.99% 19.48% 3.98% 9.00% 0.24% 0.06%
January 2010 66.33% 20.31% 3.87% 8.94% 0.26% 0.06%
December 2009 66.12% 20.82% 3.51% 8.73% 0.30% 0.07%
November 2009 67.74% 20.15% 2.88% 8.56% 0.28% 0.10%
October 2009 68.38% 20.32% 2.56% 8.09% 0.27% 0.14%
September 2009 67.25% 21.12% 2.41% 8.46% 0.28% 0.21%
August 2009 68.37% 21.32% 2.21% 7.29% 0.28% 0.23%
July 2009 69.29% 21.06% 2.05% 6.77% 0.30% 0.24%
June 2009 71.44% 19.48% 1.93% 6.30% 0.33% 0.22%
May 2009 71.35% 20.26% 1.64% 5.95% 0.31% 0.21%
April 2009 71.38% 20.46% 1.43% 5.80% 0.31% 0.19%
March 2009 72.03% 20.00% 1.19% 5.91% 0.30% 0.10%
February 2009 74.04% 18.64% 0.97% 5.57% 0.27% 0.10%
January 2009 73.05% 19.39% 0.96% 5.72% 0.29% 0.12%
December 2008 70.89% 20.87% 0.95% 6.32% 0.33% 0.13%
November 2008 72.07% 19.78% 0.68% 6.57% 0.29% 0.13%
October 2008 73.45% 18.88% 0.57% 6.22% 0.26% 0.16%
September 2008 74.53% 18.14% 0.52% 5.98% 0.22% 0.17%
92% of sites monitored by StatOwl serve predominantly United States market.[35]

AT Internet Institute (Europe, July 2007 to June 2010)

AT Internet Institute was formerly known as XiTi.

Method: Only counts visits to local sites in 23 European countries and then averages the percentages for those 23 European countries independent of population size.

Europe usage share data from AT Internet Institute
DateInternet ExplorerNetscapeFirefoxOperaSafariChromeSource
June 201053.8% 30.6% 2.4% 6.8% 5.7% 2010-6
March 201057.1% 29.6% 2.2% 5.2% 5.3% 2010-3
September 200962.0% 28.4% 2.2% 4.3% 2.8% 2009–11
April 200963.6% 0.6% 28.4% 2.2% 3.4% 1.7% 2009-5
March 200964.6% 0.6% 27.8% 2.2% 3.3% 1.4%
February 200965.6% 0.5% 27.4% 2.1% 3.0% 1.3%
January 200958.1% 0.6% 32.5% 4.1% 3.0% 1.5% 2009-1
December 200858.5% 0.6% 32.3% 4.5% 2.7% 1.3%
November 200859.5% 0.6% 31.1% 5.1% 2.5% 1.1% 2008-12-22
October 200859.2% 0.6% 31.1% 5.4% 2.4% 1.1%
September 200860.2% 0.4% 31.2% 4.8% 2.4% 1.0% 2008-10-10
August 200859.4% 0.3% 33.0% 4.5% 2.6%
July 200860.4% 0.3% 32.2% 4.5% 2.4%
June 200860.5% 0.3% 31.4% 5.1% 2.5%
May 200861.7% 0.4% 30.7% 4.7% 2.4%
April 200864.5% 0.5% 28.9% 3.6% 2.4%
March 200865.0% 0.5% 28.8% 3.3% 2.3% 2008-04-30
February 200865.6% 0.5% 28.5% 3.2% 2.2%
January 200866.1% 0.5% 28.0% 3.2% 2.1%
December 200766.1% 0.5% 28.0% 3.3% 2.0%
November 200766.9% 0.5% 27.3% 3.2% 1.9%
October 200767.5% 0.4% 27.0% 3.1% 1.8%
September 200766.6% 0.3% 27.7% 3.4% 1.8% 2007-10-30
2–8 July 200766.5% 0.3% 27.8% 3.5% 1.7% 2007-07-18

TheCounter.com (2000 to 2009)

TheCounter.com is a defunct a web counter service, and identifies sixteen versions of six browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Netscape, and Konqueror). Other browsers are categorised as either "Netscape compatible" (including Google Chrome, which may also be categorized as "Safari" because of its "Webkit" subtag) or "unknown". Internet Explorer 8 is identified as Internet Explorer 7. Monthly data includes all hits from 2008-02-01 until the end of the month concerned. More than the exact browser type, this data identifies the underlying rendering engine used by various browsers, and the table below aggregates them in the same column.

Global usage share data from TheCounter.com (global statistics)
Period
Internet
Explorer

Netscape,
Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Opera

Netscape
Navigator

Sources
2009 Q466.42% 21.13% 10.05% 1.00% 0.05%Oct, Nov, Dec
2009 Q369.07% 20.59% 8.10% 0.89% 0.06%Jul, Aug, Sep
2009 Q270.31% 20.12% 6.44% 0.94% 0.06%Apr, May, Jun
2009 Q171.25% 20.01% 5.47% 0.92% 0.08%Jan, Feb, Mar
2008 Q474.24% 18.66% 4.52% 0.89% 0.07%Oct, Nov, Dec
2008 Q376.33% 17.97% 3.76% 0.84% 0.07%Jul, Aug, Sep
2008 Q278.30% 16.36% 3.41% 0.81% 0.06%Apr, May, Jun
2008 Q178.80% 15.87% 3.32% 0.79% 0.06%Jan, Feb, Mar
2007 Q481.14% 13.81% 3.21% 0.67% 0.06%Oct, Nov, Dec
2007 Q381.63% 13.49% 3.00% 0.66% 0.06%Jul, Aug, Sep
2007 Q282.97% 12.41% 2.87% 0.64% 0.06%Apr, May, Jun
2007 Q183.69% 11.57% 2.92% 0.57% 0.06%Jan, Feb, Mar
2006 Q484.11% 11.13% 2.80% 0.60% 0.05% Nov, Dec
2006 Q384.48% 10.56% 2.27% 0.73% 0.06%Jul, Aug, Sep
2006 Q286.32% 9.03% 1.89% 0.70% 0.05%Apr, May, Jun
2006 Q190.01% 6.77% 1.40% 0.58% 0.05%Jan, Feb, Mar
2005 Q487.25% 8.60% 1.83% 0.71% 0.07%Oct, Nov, Dec
2005 Q387.58% 8.42% 1.60% 0.67% 0.07%Jul, Aug, Sep
2005 Q290.90% 6.02% 0.99% 0.51% 0.09%Apr, May, Jun
2005 Q190.77% 5.73% 1.00% 0.54% 0.11%Jan, Feb, Mar
2004 Q490.98% 5.10% 0.77% 0.68% 0.18%Oct, Nov, Dec
2004 Q392.70% 3.57% 0.73% 0.65% 0.20%Jul, Aug, Sep
2004 Q295.04% 2.37% 0.67% 0.51% 0.32%Apr, May, Jun
2004 Q194.28% 2.70% 0.52% 0.36%Jan, Feb, Mar
2003 Q4<-- Data is not missing, but hits are cumulated from May: the hits for these 3 months can be deduced by difference -->Oct, Nov, Dec
2003 Q3<-- Data is not missing, but hits are cumulated from May: the hits for these 3 months can be deduced by difference -->Jul, Aug, Sep
2003 Q294.43% 2.22% 0.66% 1.45%Apr, May, Jun
2003 Q194.18% 2.15% 0.65% 1.77%Jan, Feb, Mar
2002 Q493.94% 1.67% 0.83% 2.31%Oct, Nov, Dec
2002 Q393.32% 1.36% 0.94% 3.04%Jul, Aug, Sep
2002 Q292.47% 1.13% 0.82% 4.13%Apr, May, Jun
2002 Q192.40% 0.93% 0.52% 4.67%Jan, Feb, Mar
2001 Q490.83% 0.71% 0.36% 5.23%Oct, Nov, Dec
2001 Q388.43% 0.26% 0.31% 6.49%Jul, Aug, Sep
2001 Q287.99% 0.27% 0.28% 7.46%Apr, May, Jun
2001 Q186.80% 0.30% 0.22% 9.84%Jan, Feb, Mar
2000 Q483.95% 0.14% 0.14% 12.61%Oct, Nov, Dec
2000 Q382.76% 0.04% 0.14% 14.35%Jul, Aug, Sep
2000 Q280.30% 0.02% 0.12% 17.54%Apr, May, Jun
2000 Q179.09% 0.00% 0.13% 19.25%Jan, Feb, Mar
Period
Internet
Explorer

Netscape,
Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Opera

Netscape
Navigator

Sources

OneStat.com (April 2002 to March 2009)

Global usage share data from OneStat.com (press releases)
Period
Internet
Explorer

Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Chrome

Opera

Netscape

Netscape
Navigator

March 2009 <-- the site says "April 6", but the report is already visible as of 4 April, and it is for March 2009 -->79.79% 15.59% 2.65% 0.86% 0.54% 0.31%
November 2008 81.36% 14.67% 2.42% 0.54% 0.55% 0.32%
February 2008 83.27% 13.76% 2.18% 0.55% 0.14%
June 2007 84.66% 12.72% 1.79% 0.61% 0.11%
January 2007 85.81% 11.69% 1.64% 0.58% 0.13%
November 2006 85.24% 12.15% 1.61% 0.69% 0.11%
October 2006 85.85% 11.49% 1.61% 0.69% 0.12%
July 2006 83.05% 12.93% 1.84% 1.00% 0.16%
May 2006 85.17% 11.79% 2.02% 0.79% 0.15%
January 2006 85.82% 11.23% 1.88% 0.77% 0.16%
November 2005 85.45% 11.51% 1.75% 0.77% 0.26%
April 2005 86.63% 8.69% 1.26% 1.03% 1.08%
February 2005 87.28% 8.45% 1.21% 1.09% 1.11%
November 2004 88.90% 7.35% 0.91% 1.33%
May 2004 93.9% 2.1% 0.71% 1.02%
January 2004 94.8% 1.8% 0.48% 0.8%
July 2003 95.4% 1.6% 0.25% 0.6% 1.9% 0.6%
February 2003 95.2% 1.2% 0.11% 0.7% 1.9% 1.0%
December 2002 95.0% 1.1% 0.8% 1.9% 1.1%
September 2002 94.9% 0.8% 0.9% 1.8% 1.2%
June 2002 95.3% 0.4% 0.7% 1.5% 1.9%
April 2002 96.6% 0.5% 0.7% 2.1%
US usage share data from OneStat.com (press releases)
Period
Internet
Explorer

Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Chrome

Opera

Netscape

March 2009 72.69% 20.40% 4.53% 1.05% 0.49% 0.38%
November 2008 75.54% 18.74% 3.95% 0.62% 0.39% 0.50%
June 2007 75.69% 19.65% 3.77% 0.61% 0.17%
January 2007 78.13% 16.11% 3.68% 0.73% 0.18%
Canadian usage share data from OneStat.com (press releases)
Period
Internet
Explorer

Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Chrome

Opera

Netscape

March 2009 65.55% 23.09% 7.36% 1.32% 0.75% 0.56%
November 2008 69.67% 20.38% 7.56% 0.92% 0.76% 0.56%
June 2007 75.76% 16.47% 5.72% 0.69% 0.13%
January 2007 79.00% 14.13% 4.70% 0.71% 0.14%
UK usage share data from OneStat.com (press releases)
Period
Internet
Explorer

Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Chrome

Opera

Netscape

March 2009 80.91% 15.16% 1.94% 0.85% 0.60% 0.36%
November 2008 83.77% 11.45% 1.76% 0.43% 0.60% 0.34%
June 2007 86.00% 11.22% 1.61% 0.53% 0.10%
January 2007 86.72% 10.86% 1.78% 0.49% 0.10%
Australian usage share data from OneStat.com (press releases)
Period
Internet
Explorer

Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Chrome

Opera

Netscape

June 2007 66.42% 26.32% 1.86% 4.05% 0.24%
January 2007 65.71% 26.68% 1.77% 4.28% 0.24%
French usage share data from OneStat.com (press releases)
Period
Internet
Explorer

Other Mozilla,
Firefox
Safari

Chrome

Opera

Netscape

March 2009 71.57% 23.48% 2.90% 0.86% 0.54% 0.46%
November 2008 71.50% 23.45% 3.23% 0.59% 0.56% 0.51%

ADTECH (Europe, 2004 to 2009)

Europe usage share data from ADTECH 's press releases; this is an ad serving company
Period
Internet
Explorer

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

Other Mozilla

Netscape

Q4 2009 63.6% 26.7% 3.6% 2.8% 1.7% 0.7%
Q1 2009 67.7% 25.3% 2.6% 1.0% 1.4% 1.1%
Q1 2008 76.2% 18.1% 1.7% 1.0% 2.6%
Q4 2007 76.0% 18.0% 1.6% 1.0% 2.9%
July 2007 77.5% 15.5% 1.6% 0.9% 3.9%
February 2007 77.34% 14.34% 1.63% 0.85% 5.11%
February–April 2006 83.36% 12.38% 1.67% 0.77% 0.82% 0.38%
September 2005 83.31% 12.41% 1.40% 0.90% 1.06% 0.61%
June 2005 85.10% 10.11% 1.34% 1.21% 1.05% 0.60%
March 2005 86.73% 8.96% 1.12% 1.14% 0.71%
February 2005 87.57% 7.85% 1.05% 1.26% 0.76%
January 2005 87.13% 7.43% 1.70% 1.33% 0.85%
November 2004 89.47% 5.51% 1.01% 2.50% 0.92%
September 2004 92.63% 2.91% 1.00% 2.10% 0.82%
August 2004 93.08% 2.15% 0.89% 2.18% 0.95%
July 2004 93.08% 1.64% 0.99% 2.62% 0.97%
January–April 2004 94.72% 0.73% 2.50% 1.49%

WebSideStory (US, February 1999 to June 2006)

US usage share data from: WebSideStory
DateInternet ExplorerNetscape, Other MozillaFirefoxSource
June 200686.64% 9.95% 19 July 2006
5 January 200687.63% 8.88% 12 January 2006
4 November 200588.16% 1.61% 8.13% 10 November 2005
23 September 200588.46% 1.69% 7.86% 27 September 2005
29 April 200588.86% 2.23% 6.75% 10 May 2005
18 February 200589.85% 2.47% 5.69% 28 February 2005
14 January 200590.28% 2.64% 4.95%
3 December 200491.80% 2.83% 4.06%
5 November 200492.89% 2.95% 3.03%
8 October 200493.21% 3.05% 2.66% 13 December 2004
4 June 200495.48% 3.53%
26 August 200295.97% 3.39% 28 August 2002
25 October 200189.03% 10.47% 31 October 2001
25 April 200186.61% 13.10% 1 May 2001
21 February 200187.71% 12.01% 22 February 2001
18 June 200086.08% 13.90%
2 August 199975.31% 24.68% 9 August 1999
6 April 199968.75% 29.46% 7 April 1999
1 March 199966.90% 31.21% 2 March 1999
8 February 199964.60% 33.43% 22 February 2001

Older reports (pre-2000)


GVU WWW user survey (January 1994 to October 1998)

Usage share data from: GVU WWW user survey
DateMosaicNetscape NavigatorInternet ExplorerSource
October 199864%32.2%Primary Browser in 12 Months
April 199870%22.7%Browser Expected to Use in 12 Months
October 199759.67%15.13%Browser Expected to Use in 12 Months
April 199781.13%12.13%Browser Expected to Use in 12 Months
October 199680.45%12.18%Browser Expected to Use in 12 Months
April 199689.36%3.76%Browser Expected to Use in 12 Months
April 19959%54%Hal Berghel's Cybernautica – "A Web Monopoly"
October 199468%18%Result Graph – Browser
January 199497%General Results Graphs


EWS Web Server at UIUC (1996 Q2 to 1998)

Usage share data from: EWS Web Server at UIUC
DateMosaicInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorSource
1998 Q450.43% 46.87% Oct 1998, Nov 1998, Dec 1998
1998 Q347.90% 48.97% Jul 1998, Aug 1998, Sep 1998
1998 Q243.17% 53.57% Apr 1998, May 1998, Jun 1998
1998 Q139.67% 57.63% Jan 1998, Feb 1998, Mar 1998
1997 Q435.53% 62.23% Oct 1997, Nov 1997, Dec 1997
1997 Q332.40% 64.93% Jul 1997, Aug 1997, Sep 1997
1997 Q20.37% 27.67% 69.77% Apr 1997, May 1997, Jun 1997
1997 Q10.60% 22.87% 74.33% Jan 1997, Feb 1997, Mar 1997
1996 Q41.20% 19.07% 77.13% Oct 1996, Nov 1996, Dec 1996
1996 Q32.47% 13.97% 80.37% Jul 1996, Aug 1996, Sep 1996
1996 Q26.93% 9.60% 82.77% Apr 1996, May 1996, Jun 1996


ZD Market Intelligence (US, January 1997 to January 1998)

Usage share data from: ZD Market Intelligence
DateInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorSource
January 199839% 54% Behind the numbers: Browser market share
January 199721% 63%


Zona Research (US, Jan 1997 to Jan 1998)

Usage share data from: Zona Research
DateInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorSource
July 199845% 54% Behind the numbers: Browser market share
September 199736% 62%
January 199728% 70%


AdKnowledge (January 1998 to June 1998)

Usage share data from: AdKnowledge
DateInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorSource
June 199846% 52% Behind the numbers: Browser market share
March 199842% 57%
January 199836% 61%


Dataquest (1995 to 1997)

Usage share data from: Dataquest
DateInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorSource
199739.4% 57.6% Browser wars: High price, huge rewards
199620% 73%
19952.9% 80.1%


International Data Corporation (US, 1996 to 1997)

Usage share data from: International Data Corporation
DateInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorSource
199723% 51% Behind the numbers: Browser market share
199616% 55%

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: AVG disguises fake traffic as IE6. 12 January 2011. Cade. Metz. 26 June 2008. The Register. 20 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101120164736/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/06/26/avg_disguises_fake_traffic_as_ie6/. live.
  2. Web site: Firefox 3.0 boosts Mozilla's market share. 12 January 2011. Gregg. Keizer. 23 June 2008. Computerworld. IDG. https://web.archive.org/web/20080705122724/http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9102398. 5 July 2008. dead.
  3. A better option for the webmaster is to validate the HTML code against prevailing standards http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/abdesign3.html .
  4. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions. StatCounter. 9 August 2019. 13 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413114659/http://gs.statcounter.com/faq#prerendering. live.
  5. Web site: Using Firefox 1.5 caching. Cacycle. 7 June 2010. Mozilla. 3 February 2010. 16 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150716003234/https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Using_Firefox_1.5_caching. live.
  6. Web site: Introducing Cache Contexts, or: Why the browser does not know you are logged out. Pettersen. Yngve Nys?ter. 27 February 2007. Opera Software. My Opera. 12 January 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20070504173925/http://my.opera.com/yngve/blog/2007/02/27/introducing-cache-contexts-or-why-the. 4 May 2007.
  7. Web site: HTTP History Lists and Back Button. Sharovatov. Vitaly. 3 June 2008. WordPress. 3 February 2010. 17 January 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100117021049/http://sharovatov.wordpress.com/2008/06/03/http-history-lists-and-back-button/. live.
  8. http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/ Burstein complaining "...I've been rejected until I come back with Netscape"
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