Westdeutscher Rundfunk Explained

Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln
Type:	Broadcast radio, television and online
Country:	Germany
Founded:	1955
Headquarters:	Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

German: '''Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln'''|i=no (pronounced as /de/; "West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR (pronounced as /de/), is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. As well as contributing to the output of the national television channel German: [[Das Erste]]|i=no, WDR produces the regional television service German: [[WDR Fernsehen]]|i=no (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio networks.

History

Origins

The Westdeutsche Funkstunde AG (WEFAG) was established on 15 September 1924.

There was a substantial purge of left wing staff following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. This included Ernst Hardt, Hans Stein and Walter Stern.

WDR was created in 1955, when Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR) was split into Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) - covering Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, and Hamburg - and Westdeutscher Rundfunk, responsible for North Rhine-Westphalia. WDR began broadcasting on two radio networks (one produced jointly with NDR) on 1 January 1956. WDR constitutes the most prominent example of regional broadcasting in Germany.^[1]

Directors

1926–1933: Ernst Hardt, director general of WERAG
1933–1937: Heinrich Glasmeier, director general of "Reichssender Köln"
1937–1941: Anton Winkelnkemper, director general of "Reichssender Köln"
1942–1945: closed
1945–1947: Max Burghardt, director general of NWDR
1947–1961: Hanns Hartmann, director general of NWDR and since 1956 of WDR
1961–1976: Klaus von Bismarck
1976–1985: Friedrich-Wilhelm von Sell
1985–1995: Friedrich Nowottny
1995–2007: Fritz Pleitgen
2007–2013: Monika Piel^[2]
since 1 July 2013: Tom Buhrow^[3]

Funding

WDR is in part funded by the limited sale of on-air commercial advertising time; however, its principal source of income is the revenue derived from viewer and listener licence fees. As of 2023 the monthly fee due from each household for radio and television reception was €18.36.^[4] These fees are collected not directly by WDR but by a joint agency of ARD (and its member institutions), ZDF, and Deutschlandradio.

Services

Television

WDR began its regional television service, Westdeutsches Fernsehen (WDF), on 17 December 1965. On 27 August 1967, when West Germany broadcast its first color TV program, WDF used a live broadcast originating from a Bosch outside broadcast van to start broadcasting in color. In 1988, the channel was renamed West 3; since 1994, it has been known as WDR Fernsehen.

While the programmes are mainly run from their Cologne headquarters, they also have a number of sub-regional studios contributing to a regular broadcast called Lokalzeit with the opt-outs "aus Aachen" (Aachen), "OWL" (Bielefeld), "aus Bonn" (Bonn), "aus Dortmund" (Dortmund), "aus Düsseldorf" (Düsseldorf), "aus Duisburg" (Duisburg), "Ruhr" (Essen), "aus Köln" (Cologne and Bonn), "Münsterland" (Münster), "Südwestfalen" (Siegen) and "Bergisches Land" (Wuppertal) for each respective region. WDR has its current affairs and regional politics studios in Düsseldorf.

It has served as the production entity for shows on Das Erste, such as Verbotene Liebe ('Forbidden Love'), which, over the years, has introduced many young actors to the German audience, such as Andreas Stenschke, Jo Weil, Luca Zamperoni and Kay Böger. The Sportschau is produced for ARD in Cologne, and WDR contributes to ARD Digital, 3sat and arte.

Radio

A long-running talk show on wheels was Hallo Ü-Wagen ("Hello Radio Van"), which ran from 1974 to 2010 with Carmen Thomas as the original host.

WDR's main radio channels are available on FM and digital (DAB+), as well as via cable and satellite:

1LIVE is a popular music channel modelled on BBC Radio 1 and aimed at a young audience. Its schedules include such non-mainstream night-time programmes as Heimatkult, focusing on pop music from Germany, and Lauschangriff, a series of audio-books.
WDR 2, featuring adult-oriented popular music, focuses strongly on national and regional news, current affairs, and sport.
WDR 3, the cultural channel, offers mostly classical, jazz and world music as well as radio drama and spoken-word features dealing with literature and the performing arts.
WDR 4 (motto: Melodien für ein gutes Gefühl, "Melodies for a good feeling") is a channel aimed chiefly towards an older audience. Its focus is on tuneful music – in particular, oldies and classic hits: popular music of the 1960s to the 1980s or later – with more specialized programming (operetta, country, folk) in the evenings. Around 30–40% of WDR 4's musical output is made up of German-language songs.
WDR 5 features spoken-word programming with the focus on present-day culture and society. Between 6.05 and 9.45 each Monday to Saturday morning the channel offers news, background briefing, interviews, and correspondents' reports in a sequence entitled Morgenecho. The main lunchtime and early-evening news and current affairs programmes Mittagsecho (at 13.05–14.00 on Mondays to Fridays and 13.30–14.30 on Sundays) and Echo des Tages (at 18.30–19.00 daily) are both co-productions with Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) in Hamburg. Additionally, WDR 2's 30-minute round-up of the day's most important news reports, Berichte von heute, is simulcast by WDR 5 on Monday to Friday evenings at 23.30. WDR 5 also carries children's radio programming from KiRaKa at 19.05–20.00 each evening as well as on Sundays at 7.05–8.00 and 14.05–15.00.
COSMO (earlier WDR 5 Funkhaus Europa – an offshoot of WDR 5 – and now a joint production of Radio Bremen, RBB, and WDR) is a channel principally aimed at serving immigrants and promoting integration. It features a wide selection of world music. It is not available over-the-air in every part of WDR's broadcasting area.

Broadcast only via DAB (Digital Radio) as well as DVB-S and partly DVB-C:

1LIVE diggi – off-mainstream music and news from 1LIVE
WDR Event – program of events for special occasions

Former radio channels are:

WDR 1 – Predecessor of 1 Live
WDR 2 Klassik – Contributions from WDR 2 with classical music, briefly replaced by the online service Mein WDR Radio after it was discontinued
1LIVE Kunst – web radio with cultural themes and sophisticated pop music
Radio Dortmund – The first local radio station in North Rhine-Westphalia, which was started in 1985 as part of a cable pilot project. Radio Dortmund ran for nine years until WDR needed the frequency for a new WDR 2 "regional window".
KiRaKa – web radio for children aged 5 to 16
WDR Info – WDR data and news service with visual information
WDR VERA – full-length traffic news spoken non-stop by a computer

Musical organizations

WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne (WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln)
WDR Rundfunkorchester Köln
WDR Big Band
WDR Rundfunkchor Köln
Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)

Notes and References

Web site: Potschka, Christian and Golding, Peter (2012) The structural developments of regional broadcasting in Britain and Germany. Media History 18(3-4): 443-458 . 2014-12-02.
http://www.wdr5.de/sendungen/toene-texte-bilder/s/d/27.04.2013-12.05/b/interview-mit-monika-piel.html Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR 5) 7 April 2013: "35 Jahre keine Langeweile!" Intendantin Monika Piel verlässt den WDR
http://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/41279/tom_buhrow_tritt_am_1_juli_als_wdrintendant_an/ DWDL.de: Tom Buhrow tritt am 1. Juli als WDR-Intendant an, by Thomas Lückerath
Web site: Der Rundfunkbeitrag - Informationen zur Beitragssenkung . 2016-03-09 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304183427/http://www.rundfunkbeitrag.de/informationen/aktuelles/informationen_zur_beitragssenkung/index_ger.html . 2016-03-04 .