| Cabinet Name: | Von der Leyen Commission |
| Cabinet Number: | 7th |
| Date Formed: | 1 December 2019 |
| Date Dissolved: | 30 November 2024 |
| Commission Head: | Ursula von der Leyen (EPP, GER) |
| Members Number: | 27 |
| Political Parties: |
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| Opposition Parties: | --> |
| Opposition Leaders: | --> |
| Election: | 2019 European Parliament election |
| Legislature Term: | Ninth |
| Budget: | €165.8 billion (2019) |
| Predecessor: | Juncker Commission |
| Successor: | Von der Leyen Commission II |
The von der Leyen Commission is the current European Commission, in office since 1 December 2019 and is to last until the formation of the forthcoming Second Von der Leyen Commission. It consists of one commissioner from each of the member states of the European Union – including Ursula von der Leyen, its president, who is from Germany.
The commission was scheduled to take office on 1 November 2019; however, the French, Hungarian and Romanian commissioner-candidates lost their confirmation votes by the European Parliament in early October 2019,[1] so new commissioners had to be selected from those three member states by the President-elect and subsequently confirmed by the Parliament. This process took place in November 2019 and the Commission eventually took office in its entirety on 1 December 2019.[2]
See also: 2019 European Parliament election. Following the example of the 2014 European Election, in advance of the 2019 elections the main European political parties named so-called spitzenkandidaten, or leading candidates, who were the parties' candidates to become the next president of the European Commission. All of the parties named at least one candidate; some named two, while the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE), which officially opposed the system of spitzenkandidaten, introduced "Team Europe," which consisted of several high-ranking European politicians. However, other parties perceived those candidates, especially Margrethe Vestager of Denmark, as leading candidates.
After winning 2019 European election, the European People's Party claimed that the position of the President of the European Commission should be given to them and wanted their leading candidate Manfred Weber for the job. However, Weber faced strong opposition from the liberal-leaning French President Emmanuel Macron and the ALDE, and from the Party of European Socialists (PES) as well; opposition was driven by Weber's lack of experience, since he had only previously served as MEP and never held any governmental position.[3] The PES strongly supported the candidature of Frans Timmermans, who also had support from most of the ALDE members of the European Council. (Andrej Babiš, then Czech Prime Minister, is a member of the ALDE but also of the Visegrad Four, which strongly opposed Timmermans because of his support for migration quotas and inability to reach compromises.[4]) The ALDE Party wanted to see Margrethe Vestager taking the top Commission job.
The first European Council meeting was held on 20 and 21 June 2019, bringing no decision on distribution of EU top jobs. President Donald Tusk summoned leaders again for a special meeting that lasted from 30 June until 2 July 2019. Over three days of negotiations, the EPP gave up on Weber becoming the President of the commission; it seemed that Timmermans might be nominated, especially after he met with Bulgarian Prime Minister and EPP member Boyko Borisov at the Bulgarian Embassy in Belgium during the meeting of the European Council. Naming Timmermans President of the European Commission would have been a part of the so-called Osaka deal, a plan that was formed by several EU leaders (Emmanuel Macron, Angela Merkel, Giuseppe Conte, Donald Tusk, Mark Rutte, and Pedro Sánchez) during the 2019 G20 Summit in Osaka, Japan.
However, the opposition from Visegrad Four, now joined by Croatia and Italy, was still strong, and Timmermans could not win a Council majority. Other names mentioned during the negotiations included Michel Barnier, Kristalina Georgieva and Andrej Plenković; it became clear after the Council ended that Plenković's name had been introduced by Commission Secretary-General Martin Selmayr, who is Plenković's close friend. The candidature was rejected by Macron, who opposed the personal ambitions of leaders.[5]
When Ursula von der Leyen (EPP)'s name emerged as a potential candidate, it was a surprise and she faced many critics, mainly because she had not been a spitzenkandidat. The German Social Democratic Party, part of the German government coalition, opposed von der Leyen due to her work as minister of defence, which resulted in the German Chancellor Angela Merkel's abstention during the council's vote on the proposal. Nevertheless, all other European Council members voted in favor, and she was nominated as the next President of the European Commission.Von der Leyen, a member of the European People's Party (EPP), was selected and proposed to the European Parliament by the European Council on 3 July 2019 following three days of negotiations between leaders of the member states. Von der Leyen faced many critics, especially among MEPs, since the European Council ignored the so-called spitzenkandidat system when choosing her for the position.
On 16 July 2019, the European Parliament took a vote on the proposal by the European Council and elected Von der Leyen with 383 votes (374 votes needed). Before the vote, Von der Leyen had received the support of three largest political groups in the Parliament (EPP, S&D and RE); during the debate the conservative Polish party Law and Justice with 24 MEPs and the Italian Five Stars Movement (M5S) with 14 MEPs declared their support. Based on the result of the vote, nearly 100 MEPs of the unofficial grand coalition EPP-S&D-RE did not vote for Von der Leyen. Based on the debate and public announcements of the MEPs, most of the MEPs voting against von der Leyen probably came from the S&D group, including the German Social Democratic Party, which publicly opposed Von der Leyen because of her work as German Defence Minister.[6]
| Required majority 374 out of 747 | Public voting indication | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GUE/NGL | S&D | G/EFA | RE | EPP | ECR | ID | NI | |||
| Yes | 73 or more | 108 or less• ALDE (108)[7] | 182 or less | 26 or more•  PiS-SP (26)[9] | 14 or more•  M5S (14)[10] | |||||
| No | 41 or less• GUE/NGL[11] | 42 or more | 74 or less
| 9 or more | 5 or more | 42 or more | 29 or more•  Brexit (29) | |||
| Abstentions | ||||||||||
| Absentees | ||||||||||
| Total : 747 | 41 | 153 | 74 | 108 | 182 | 62 | 73 | 54 | ||
Le Grand Continent published a detailed analysis of the secret ballot.[17] The authors numbered the public pledges of national delegations and individual MEPs as amounting to 410, which is 27 more than what von der Leyen ultimately received. To explain the difference, they suggested three scenarios: one in which the support of delegations from the S&D group (some for, some against, some equivocal) was lower than admitted, another in which MEPs from the populist parties in government (Poland's PiS, Hungary's Fidesz and Italy's M5S) were claiming support only to gain leverage, and a half-way scenario which they see as the likeliest. In two of these three scenarios, the S&D group, which for decades was the pillar of the Grand coalition in Europe, no longer has a majority of MEPs supporting the Commission.
Even before Von der Leyen's confirmation, she pledged to renominate Frans Timmermans, the spitzenkandidat of the Party of European Socialists as the First Vice President. Margrethe Vestager, one of the leading candidates of the Alliance of Liberal and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE), was chosen as vice president as well, having de facto equal position to that of Timmermans.
Von der Leyen requested that member states each propose two candidates, a man and a woman, so it would be easier to form a gender-balanced commission. France's Thierry Breton was the last candidate to be designated on 24 October 2019 by Emmanuel Macron.
Following her election, President of the European Council Donald Tusk asked von der Leyen to give her consent on appointing Josep Borrell of Spain as the next EU High Representative. Consent was given on 26 July 2019, following which the European Council officially appointed Borrell as the next High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on 5 August 2019.
The commission was approved by the European Parliament on 27 November 2019, receiving 461 votes, with 157 against and 89 abstentions. EPP, S&D, Renew Europe and half of the ECR voted in favour. The Greens/EFA abstained.[21]
| Votes cast | Majority | In favour | Against | Abstain | Source | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Von der Leyen Commission | 707 | 374 | 461 | 157 | 89 | [22] |
Von der Leyen has organized the Commission into groups supervised by the designated executive vice presidents and vice presidents. The members as of 31 May 2024 are below.[61]
| Group | Commissioner | Portfolio(s) |
|---|---|---|
| European Green Deal | European Green Deal (executive vice president) Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight | |
| Health and Food Safety | ||
| Transport | ||
| Energy | ||
| Environment, Oceans and Fisheries | ||
| Agriculture | ||
| Cohesion and Reforms | ||
| Climate Action | ||
| A Europe Fit for the Digital Age | A Europe Fit for the Digital Age (executive vice president) Competition | |
| Internal Market | ||
| Jobs and Social Rights | ||
| Justice | ||
| Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth | ||
| An Economy That Works for People | An Economy That Works for People (executive vice president) Trade | |
| Jobs and Social Rights | ||
| Economy | ||
| Cohesion and Reforms | ||
| Financial Services, Financial Stability and Capital Markets Union | ||
| Promoting Our European Way of Life | Promoting Our European Way of Life (vice president) | |
| Equality | ||
| Home Affairs | ||
| Health and Food Safety | ||
| Jobs and Social Rights | ||
| Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth | ||
| A Stronger Europe in the World | A Stronger Europe in the World (vice president) High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | |
| Neighbourhood and Enlargement | ||
| Crisis Management | ||
| International Partnerships | ||
| A New Push for European Democracy | Values and Transparency (vice president) | |
| Justice | ||
| European Green Deal (executive vice president) Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight | ||
| Democracy and Demography (vice president) | ||
| Equality |
| Head | |||
| Name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency | Sophie Beernaerts (acting) | ||
| European Research Council Executive Agency | Laurence Moreau | ||
| European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency | Jean-David Malo | ||
| Research Executive Agency | Marc Tachelet | ||
| Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency | Paloma Aba Garrote (acting) | ||
| Health and Digital Executive Agency | Marina Zanchi |
| Head | |||
| Name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Administration and Payment of Individual Entitlements | |||
| Data Protection Officer | |||
| European Anti-Fraud Office | |||
| European Personnel Selection Office | |||
| European Political Strategy Centre | |||
| Foreign Policy Instruments | |||
| Historical Archives Service | |||
| Infrastructure and Logistics in Brussels | |||
| Infrastructure and Logistics in Luxembourg | |||
| Innovation and Networks Executive Agency | |||
| Internal Audit Service | |||
| Legal Service | |||
| Library and e-Resources Centre | |||
| Publications Office | |||
| Secretariat-General | |||
| Structural Reform Support Service | |||
| Taskforce on Article 50 negotiations with the United Kingdom |
With the three month Brexit delay requested, the United Kingdom had not nominated any British commissioner. This was a unique event with no precedent in the history of the European Union. Von der Leyen had to formally request the British Government nominate an EU commissioner. She also asked the legal service if the commission could operate without a British commissioner. Some MEPs have suggested the possibility of a vote to allow the EU Commission to operate without a British commissioner.[62]
The United Kingdom left the European Union at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020, so the position of British commissioner remained vacant until its automatic abolition when Brexit occurred.
From the outset of her mandate as President of the European Commission, von der Leyen stated her intention to have a "geopolitical commission."[63] French president Emmanuel Macron is the most important driving force behind the ambition of a geopolitical commission. His vision is that the EU must become a political and strategic player with one voice.[64] Critics have pointed out that by flying the geopolitical flag, von der Leyen has exposed the weaknesses of the EU as a whole in playing a decisive role at the high diplomatic table.[65]
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU passed the Next Generation EU package, worth 750 billion euros. Von der Leyen's Commission proposed the package on 27 May 2020.[66]
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