Volitive modality explained
Volitive modality (abbreviated) is a linguistic modality that indicates the desires, wishes or fears of the speaker. It is classified as a subcategory of deontic modality.[1]
Realisation in speech
Volitive moods are a category of grammatical moods that are used to express volitive modality. Examples are the optative, desiderative and imprecative moods.However, many languages (like English) have other ways to express volitive modality, for example modal verbs ("Wish that you were here!", "May he live forever!").
Esperanto
Esperanto has a volitive verb form that is formed by adding a Esperanto: '''-u''' to the verb stem and used to indicate that an action or state is desired, requested, ordered, or aimed for.[2] The verb form is formally called volitive,[3] [4] but in practice, it can be seen as a broader deontic form, rather than a pure volitive form, since it is also used to express orders and commands besides wishes and desires.
Examples:
- Esperanto: '''Venu'''. ― "Come." (a request or command)
- Esperanto: '''Donu''' ĝin al mi. ― "Give it to me." (a request or command)
- Esperanto: Ni '''faru''' tion. ― "Let's do that." (a desire or aim)
- Esperanto: Mi '''iru''' dormi. ― "I ought to go to sleep." (expresses the desirability of the action)
- Esperanto: Via infano '''sukcesu''' en la vivo. ― "May your child be successful in life." (a wish or desire)
- Esperanto: Mi volas, ke vi '''helpu''' min. ― "I want you to help me." (a desire)
- Esperanto: Ŝi petas, ke mi '''silentu'''. ― "She asks that I be silent." (a request)
See also
Notes and References
- Web site: What is volitive modality?. SIL International. Glossary of linguistic terms. Loos. Eugene E.. Susan. Anderson. Dwight H. Jr. . Day. Paul C.. Jordan. J. Douglas. Wingate. 2009-12-28.
- Web site: Vola modo – U-finaĵo. Wennergren. Bertilo. Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko. 2021-05-26. U-formo montras, ke la ago aŭ stato ne estas reala, sed dezirata, volata, ordonata aŭ celata.. a U form shows that the action or state is not real, but desired, wanted, ordered, or aimed for..
- Book: Kalocsay. Kálmán. Kálmán Kalocsay. Waringhien. Gaston. Gaston Waringhien. 1985. Plena Analiza Gramatiko. Rotterdam. Universal Esperanto Association. 133. 9789290170327.
- Web site: Finitivaj verboj: Volitivo (imperativo). Wennergren. Bertilo. Bertilo Wennergren. lernu!. 2021-05-27.
