| Conventional Long Name: | Rawa Voivodeship |
| Common Name: | Rawa |
| Native Name: | Palatinatus Ravensis Województwo rawskie |
| Subdivision: | Voivodeship |
| Nation: | Poland¹ |
| Year Start: | 1462 |
| Event End: | Second partition |
| Year End: | 1793 |
| Date End: | 25 September |
| P1: | Duchy of Masovia |
| S1: | South Prussia |
| Flag S1: | Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1750-1801).svg |
| Image Map Caption: | The Rawa Voivodeship in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1635. |
| Capital: | Rawa Mazowiecka |
| Stat Area1: | 6200 |
| Stat Year1: | 1578 |
| Stat Pop1: | 138700 |
| Political Subdiv: | Three lands divided into 6 counties |
| Today: | Poland |
| Footnotes: | ¹ Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland. The kingdom was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569. |
Rawa Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 15th century until the partitions of Poland in 1795. It was part of the Greater Poland Province. Together with the Plock and Masovian Voivodeships it formed the former Duchy of Masovia.
The voivodeship had its capital in the town of Rawa Mazowiecka, and its origins date back to the second half of the 15th century. In 1462, after the deaths of local Piast dynasty dukes, Mazovian lands of Rawa and Gostynin were incorporated into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1476, the Land of Sochaczew returned to Poland as well. Borders of Rawa Voivodeship remained unchanged for more than 300 years, until the second partition of Poland in 1793, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. Rawa Voivodeship had four senators in the Senate of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. These were the Voivode of Rawa, the Castellan of Rawa, and the castellans of Sochaczew and Gostynin. Local starostas resided in Rawa, Sochaczew and Gostynin.
Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland provides this description of Rawa Voivodeship:
“In the 15th century, the Duchy of Mazovia, ruled by local branch of the Piast dynasty, was divided into three parts, one of which was the Duchy of Rawa (...) On January 1, 1462, Siemowit VI died at the age of eighteen. A few weeks later, his teenage brother Wladyslaw II also died. Siemowit VI was the Duke of Plock and Rawa, and after his death, King Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk decided to incorporate the Duchy of Rawa, making it the first part of Mazovia that returned to Poland (...)
Rawa Voivodeship had the area of 92 sq. miles. It was divided into three lands: those of Rawa, Sochaczew and Gostynin. Each land was divided into two counties. The lands were of roughly the same size, and in the mid-16th century, whole voivodeship had 100 Roman Catholic parishes and 15 towns (...) Sejmiks took place at Rawa, Sochaczew and Gąbin, during which two deputies to the Sejm, and two deputies to the Greater Poland Tribunal were elected (...) Rawa Voivodeship shared its coat of arms with Plock Voivodeship”.
Voivodeship Governor (Wojewoda) seat: