| Ipa Symbol: | kx |
| Ipa Number: | 109 140 |
| X-Sampa: | k_x |
The voiceless velar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are (IPA|k͡x) and (IPA|k͜x), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k_x. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding (IPA|kx) in the IPA and kx in X-SAMPA.
Some languages have the voiceless pre-velar affricate,[1] which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar affricate, though not as front as the prototypical voiceless palatal affricate - see that article for more information.
Conversely, some languages have the voiceless post-velar affricate,[2] which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar affricate, though not as back as the prototypical voiceless uvular affricate - see that article for more information.
Features of the voiceless velar affricate:
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch; Flemish: bli'''k''' | pronounced as /[ˈblɪk͡x]/ | 'plate' | Optional pre-pausal allophone of pronounced as //k//. | |||
| Ancient Greek borrowings | Greek, Modern (1453-);: σά'''κχ'''αρο | pronounced as /[ˈsak͡xaro]/ | '(blood) sugar' | |||
| cab | pronounced as /[ˈk͡xɛˑb̥]/ | 'cab' | Possible word-initial, intervocalic and word-final allophone of pronounced as //k//. See English phonology | |||
| Word-initial allophone of pronounced as //k//. See English phonology | ||||||
| pronounced as /[ˈk͡xaˑb̥]/ | Word-initial and word-final allophone of pronounced as //k//; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop pronounced as /[kʰ]/. See English phonology | |||||
| Occasional allophone of pronounced as //k//. See English phonology | ||||||
| Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of pronounced as //k//. See English phonology | ||||||
| German: [[German orthography|'''K'''übel]] | pronounced as /[ˈk͡xyːbœl]/ | 'bucket' | Possible realization of pronounced as //k// before front vowels. See Standard German phonology | |||
| '''Kch'''ind | pronounced as /[ˈk͡xind̥]/ | 'child' | ||||
| Swiss German; Alemannic; Alsatian: [[Latin alphabet|Sa'''ck''']] | pronounced as /[z̥ɑk͡x]/ | 'bag' | May be actually uvular pronounced as /link/ in some dialects. | |||
| Korean: [[Hangul|'''크'''다]] | pronounced as /[k͡xɯ̽da]/ | 'big' | Allophone of pronounced as //kʰ// before pronounced as //ɯ//. See Korean phonology | |||
| [[Latin alphabet|la'''kh'''óta]] | pronounced as /[laˈk͡xota]/ | 'Lakota' | Allophone of pronounced as //kʰ// before pronounced as //a//, pronounced as //ã//, pronounced as //o//, pronounced as //ĩ//, and pronounced as //ũ//. | |||
| Navajo; Navaho: '''k'''ǫʼ | [k͡xõʔ˩] | 'fire' | Allophone of pronounced as //kʰ// before the back vowels pronounced as //o, a//. See Navajo phonology | |||
| Slovene | Slovenian: [[Slovene orthography|si'''kh''']] | pronounced as /[ˈs̪îːk͡x]/ | 'Sikh' | Very rare, occurring only in loanwords. See Slovene phonology | ||
| Xhosa | Represented by | |||||
| [ǁ͡kxʼâã] | 'grass' | Used in pulmonic-contour clicks. | ||||
pronounced as /navigation/