| Above: | Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate |
| Ipa Symbol: | tɕ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | ʨ |
| Ipa Symbol3: | cɕ |
| Ipa Number: | 215 |
| Decimal: | 680 |
| Imagefile: | IPA Unicode 0x02A8.svg |
| X-Sampa: | t_s\ |
The voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are (IPA|t͡ɕ), (IPA|t͜ɕ), (IPA|c͡ɕ) and (IPA|c͜ɕ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are t_s\ and c_s\, though transcribing the stop component with (IPA|c) (c in X-SAMPA) is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding (IPA|tɕ) or (IPA|cɕ) in the IPA and ts\ or cs\ in X-SAMPA. This affricate has a dedicated symbol, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used.
Neither pronounced as /[t]/ nor pronounced as /[c]/ are a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as pronounced as /[t̠ʲ]/ (retracted and palatalized pronounced as /link/) or pronounced as /[c̟]/ (advanced pronounced as /link/). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are t_-' or t_-_j and c_+, respectively. There is also a dedicated symbol (IPA|ȶ), which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include pronounced as /[t̠ʲɕ]/, pronounced as /[c̟ɕ]/ and pronounced as /[ȶɕ]/.
It occurs in languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Polish, Serbo-Croatian or Russian, and is the sibilant equivalent of voiceless palatal affricate. is a superscript IPA letter.[1]
Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate:
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All dialects | Catalan; Valencian: [[Catalan orthography|fle'''tx'''a]] | pronounced as /[ˈfɫet͡ɕɐ]/ | 'arrow' | See Catalan phonology | ||
| Catalan; Valencian: [[Catalan orthography|'''x'''ec]] | pronounced as /[ˈt͡ɕek]/ | 'cheque' | ||||
| [[Chinese characters|豬]] / Yale: / Jyutping: | 'pig' | Contrasts with aspirated form. Allophone of pronounced as //t͡s//, usually in front of the front high vowels pronounced as //iː//, pronounced as //ɪ//, pronounced as //yː//. See Cantonese phonology | ||||
| [[Chinese characters|北京]] / | 'Beijing' | Contrasts with aspirated form. Pronounced by some speakers as a palatalized dental. In complementary distribution with pronounced as /[t͡s]/, pronounced as /[k]/, and pronounced as /[ʈ͡ʂ]/ series. See Standard Chinese phonology | ||||
| Chuvash: '''ч'''ипер/ | [t͡ɕi'p̬ɛr] | 'cute' | ||||
| Danish: [[Danish phonology|'''tj'''ener]] | pronounced as /[ˈt͡ɕeːnɐ]/ | 'servant' | Normal realization of the sequence pronounced as //tj//. See Danish phonology | |||
| Dutch; Flemish: gaa'''tj'''es | 'little holes' | |||||
| Dzongkha | Dzongkha: ཆུ / | pronounced as /[t͡ɕuː]/ | 'water' | |||
| Some dialects | Irish: [[Irish orthography|'''t'''ír]] | pronounced as /[t͡ɕiːɾʲ]/ | 'country' | Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop pronounced as //tʲ// in dialects such as Erris, Teelin and Tourmakeady. See Irish phonology | ||
| Japanese: [[kanji|知人]]/ | pronounced as /[t͡ɕiʑĩɴ]/ | 'acquaintance' | See Japanese phonology | |||
| Korean: [[Hangeul|제비]]/ | pronounced as /[t͡ɕebi]/ | 'swallow' | ||||
| Marathi: [[Marathi phonology|चिंच]]/ | pronounced as /[t͡ɕint̪͡sə]/ | 'tamarind' | Contrasts with aspirated form. Allophone of [tʃ]. See Marathi phonology | |||
| pronounced as /[ʔut͡ɕinaːɡut͡ɕi]/ | 'Okinawan language' | Merged with [ts]. | ||||
| Polish: [[Polish orthography|'''ć'''ma]] | 'moth' | See Polish phonology | ||||
| Romanian | Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: [[Romanian alphabet|fra'''t'''e]] | pronounced as /[ˈfrat͡ɕe]/ | 'brother' | One of the most distinct phonological features of the Banat dialect: allophone of pronounced as //t// before front vowels. Corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology | ||
| Russian: [[Russian orthography|'''ч'''уть]]/ | pronounced as /[t͡ɕʉtʲ]/ | 'barely' | See Russian phonology | |||
| aki'''ch'''i | pronounced as /[à̠kìt͡ɕì]/ | 'mouth' | Possible allophone of pronounced as //t͡ʃ// before pronounced as //i, e//; can be realized as pronounced as /link/ instead. | |||
| [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|ле'''ћ'''а]]/[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|le'''ć'''a]] | pronounced as /[lět͡ɕä]/ | 'lentils' | Merges into pronounced as //t͡ʃ// in dialects that do not distinguish /pronounced as /ʈ͡ʂ// from pronounced as //t͡ɕ//. | |||
| Slovene | Dialects with tʼ–č distinction (such as Resian) | Slovenian: [[Slovene orthography|te'''č'''i]] | pronounced as /[ˈt̪ɛ̀ːt͡ɕì]/ | 'con artist' | In Standard Slovene obsolete. See Slovene phonology | |
| Sorbian languages: [[Sorbian alphabet|š'''ć'''it]] | pronounced as /[ɕt͡ɕit̪]/ | 'protection' | ||||
| Swedish: [[Swedish alphabet|'''kj'''ol]] | pronounced as /[t͡ɕuːl]/ | 'skirt' | See Swedish phonology | |||
| Thai: [[Thai script|'''จ'''าน]]/ | pronounced as /[t͡ɕaːn]/ | 'dish' | Contrasts with aspirated form. | |||
| Urarina | pronounced as /[kat͡ɕá]/ | 'man' | ||||
| Vietnamese: [[Vietnamese alphabet|'''ch'''a]] | pronounced as /[t͡ɕa]/ | 'father' | See Vietnamese phonology | |||
| pronounced as /[t͡ɕɐ˦]/ | 'star' | |||||
| Yi | Sichuan Yi; Nuosu: [[Yi script|ꏢ]]/ | pronounced as /[t͡ɕi˧]/ | 'sour' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms | ||
pronounced as /navigation/