Villa rustica explained

Villa rustica was the term used by the ancient Romans^{[1] [2]} to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),^[8] and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

See also: List of Roman villas in Belgium and List of Roman sites in Spain.

Austria

• , Altheim, Austria

Bosnia-Herzegovina

• Mogorjelo

Bulgaria

• Villa Armira, Ivaylovgrad

Italy

• Villa Boscoreale

• Villa dei Volusii, Fiano Romano

Portugal

• • Castelo da Lousa
  • Roman Villa of Rabaçal
• Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada
• Centum Cellas
• Villa of Torre de Palma
• Villa of Cerro da Vila
• Roman ruins of Pisões
• Roman ruins of São Cucufate
• Roman Ruins of Milreu (Estoi)
• Roman Villa of Sendim

Turkey

• Gökkale
• Üçayaklı ruins

United Kingdom

See also: List of Roman villas in England and List of Roman villas in Wales.

• Bignor Roman Villa
• Borough Hill Roman villa
• Brading Roman Villa
• Chedworth Roman Villa
• Crofton Roman Villa
• Fishbourne Roman Palace
• Gadebridge Park Roman Villa
• Littlecote Roman Villa
• Llantwit Major Roman Villa
• Low Ham Roman Villa
• Lullingstone Roman Villa
• Newport Roman Villa
• North Leigh Roman Villa
• Piddington Roman Villa
• Woodchester Roman Villa

France

See also: Roman villas in northwestern Gaul.

• Villa Rustica, Coustaty
  • • Montmaurin

Germany

Baden-Württemberg

• Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg^[9]
• Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
• , Konstanz
• , Lörrach
• Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen^[10]
• Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier^[11]
• Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
• , Zollernalbkreis
• Villa urbana at Heitersheim
• , Sigmaringen
• Villa Rustica at Hirschberg^[12]
• , Sigmaringen
• Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach^[13]
• Villa Rustica at Langenau^[14]
• , Sigmaringen
• , Heilbronn
• Villa Rustica at Mühlacker^[15]
• Villa Rustica at Nagold^{[16] [17]}
  • Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen^{[18] [19]}
• , Rems-Murr-Kreis
• , Heilbronn
• , Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
• , Tuttlingen
• , Heilbronn
• Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

• • , Stadt München
  • Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
• , Donau-Ries
• Villa Rustica at Hüssingen^[20]
• Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu^[21]
• , Stadt Starnberg
• (Naturpark Altmühltal)^{[22] [23]}
• Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
• , Freising
  • , Ingolstadt
• Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau^{[24] [25]}
  • , Oberallgäu

Hesse

• Groß-Umstadt-Heubach,
• , Odenwald
• Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"^[26]

Northrhine-Westphalia

• ^[27]
• Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
• , Eschweiler, Aachen
• Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
• at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

• , Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
• , Bad Kreuznach
  • , Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
• , Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
• Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)^[28]
• , Mainz-Bingen
• Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel^[29]
  • • (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
  • , Mainz-Bingen
• , Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

• Roman Villa Borg
• Reinheim
• Roman villa at Nennig

Serbia

• Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo, villa rustica IV century A.D.^[30]

Switzerland

Aargau

Basel-Landschaft

Genf

Jura

Solothurn

Waadt

Zürich

• Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
• Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten^[31]

External links

• Villa Rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)

Notes and References

1. Varro, de Rustica I.11, 13
2. Columella I.4 § 6
3. Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007,
4. Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998,
5. Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998,
6. John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997.
7. John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
8. Pliny, II.17
9. Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de
10. Web site: Willkommen. www.eigeltingia.de.
11. Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, . (Abstract)
12. http://www.gastgeber-hessen.de/urlaub-16193-Villa%20Rustica%20*%20Baudenkmäler%20*%20Odenwald%20Bergstraße.htm gastgeber-hessen.de
13. http://ka.stadtwiki.net/Villa_rustica_(Durlach) ka.stadtwiki.net
14. Web site: Langenau: villa rustica. W.M.Werner. www.archaeologie-bw.de.
15. Web site: Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg. Thomas. Geiges. www.muehlacker.de.
16. Web site: Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche. www.nagold.de. 2015-07-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185109/http://www.nagold.de/ceasy/modules/cms/main.php5?cpageid=1566&id=11&item=tripdestination&view=publish. 2016-03-08.
17. http://www.naturparkschwarzwald.de/home/portalgemeinden/nagold/sehenswert naturparkschwarzwald.de
18. Web site: Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen. W.M.Werner. www.archaeologie-bw.de.
19. Web site: denkmalpflege-bw.de. 2015-07-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20120918235430/http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/denkmale/projekte/archaeologische-denkmalpflege/dreidimensionale-rekonstruktion-roemischer-gebaeude-die-villa-rustica-von-oberndorf-bochingen.html. 2012-09-18.
20. Web site: Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. Römischer Bauernhof. 2015-07-05.
21. Web site: Kohlhunden.html. www.kaluwi.de.
22. Web site: Römervilla Möckenlohe. Kurt. Scheuerer. www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
23. http://www.altmuehltal.de/adelschlag/villa-rustica.htm altmuehltal.de
24. Web site: . Villa Rustica Peiting. 2015-07-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071946/http://www.pfaffen-winkel.de/de/villa-rustica-peiting. 2015-09-24.
25. Web site: Alpenland in Römerhand. Peiting. 2015-06-02.
26. Web site: Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger.
27. http://www.roemervilla-blankenheim.de/info.htm roemervilla-blankenheim.de
28. Web site: Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier. www.roscheiderhof.de.
29. Web site: Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland. https://archive.today/20120711200239/http://kuseler-musikantenland.de/deutsch/kultur---freizeit/sehenswuerdigkeiten/kulturdenkmaeler/villa-rustica.html. 2012-07-11. kuseler-musikantenland.de.
30. http://ahl.petnica.rs/images/stories/dokumenti/ahl9505.pdf Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja
31. Book: Beat. Horisberger. Bettina. Hedinger. Florian. Hoek. Roger. Büsser. Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon. de. 2007. Verlag Huber . Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien. 978-3-7193-1441-5.