| Native Name: | ولایت بتليس Vilâyet-i Bitlis |
| Common Name: | Bitlis Vilayet |
| Subdivision: | Vilayet |
| Nation: | the Ottoman Empire |
| Year Start: | 1875 |
| Year End: | 1923 |
| Event End: | Declaration of the Republic of Turkey |
| P1: | Erzurum Eyalet |
| S1: | Turkey |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Turkey.svg |
| Image Map Caption: | The Bitlis Vilayet in 1892 |
| Capital: | Bitlis |
| Today: | Turkey |
| Stat Year1: | Muslim, 1914[1] |
| Stat Pop1: | 309,999 |
| Stat Year2: | Armenian, 1914 |
| Stat Pop2: | 117,492 |
Bitlis Vilayet (Armenian: Բիթլիսի վիլայեթ Bit'lisi vilayet' , Ottoman Turkish: ولایت بتليس) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. Before the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) it had been part of the Erzurum Vilayet, it was then made a separate vilayet by the Sublime Porte.[2] It was one of the six Armenian vilayets of the Empire.[3]
At the beginning of the 20th century, Bitlis Vilayet reportedly had an area of 11522sqmi, while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 388,625.[4] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[4]
Bitlis and Muş were formerly included in the Eyalet of Erzurum. In 1875, they were detached and made a separate vilayet. The sanjak of Siirt was joined to the vilayet of Bitlis from Diyarbekir Vilayet in 1883–84.[5]
thumb|right|250px|Map of subdivisions of Bitlis Vilayet in 1907Sanjaks of Bitlis Vilayet:[2]