| National Company of Light Railways | |
| Native Name: | Nationale Maatschappij Van Buurtspoorwegen (NMVB) Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Vicinaux (MIVB) Nationale Kleinbahngesellschaft (NKG) |
| Imagesize2: | 250px |
| Locale: | Belgium |
| Transit Type: | tramway, railway |
| Began Operation: | May 29, 1884 |
| Ended Operation: | December 31, 1991 |
The National Company of Light Railways[1] (Dutch; Flemish: Nationale Maatschappij Van Buurtspoorwegen, abbreviated as NMVB; French: Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Vicinaux, abbreviated as SNCV)[1] was a state-owned transportation provider which comprised a system of narrow-gauge tramways or local railways in Belgium,[1] which covered the whole country, including the countryside, and had a greater route length than the mainline railway system.[2] They were and included electrified city lines and rural lines using steam locomotives and diesel railcars; half the system was electrified.
The company gradually switched to buses and dismantled the tram tracks. Only the coastal line, the Charleroimetro, and the short line to the caves at Han-sur-Lesse are still in commercial use; four museums hold significant collections of rolling stock, including the museum at Schepdaal and the ASVi museum in Thuin. The longest (11km (07miles)) and oldest (40 years) tourist tramway is the Tramway Touristique de l'Aisne (TTA), between Érezée and Dochamps. A sponsoring group called "Tramania" has supported various tramway preservation initiatives for 13 years, in particular by financing the construction of the Thuin museum and car restoration for TTA.
Legislation allowing the construction of rural tramways was passed in 1875, followed by a new law in 1885. The result was the creation of the nationwide operator named "National Company of Light Railways", known as Nationale Maatschappij van Buurtspoorwegen (NMVB) in Dutch and Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Vicinaux (SNCV) in French.[1] The majority of lines were, although until 1921 many in the Antwerp metropolitan area were gauge, later re-gauged.[2] Many lines were built alongside roads, and carried considerable quantities of freight (especially timber and agricultural produce) as well as passengers.[2]
World War I and World War II saw greatly increased traffic despite some wartime damage. The non-electric network reached a peak of approximately in 1925, but soon parts started to close as usage of buses, lorries, and electric trams increased. Starting from 1924, the NMVB/SNCV started to operate buses (either owned or hired).[3] At this time, the electric tramway network was already in length. In 1939, the NMVB/SNCV operated 161 regular bus lines amounting to 279km (173miles).
After World War II lorries, buses, and cars deprived the trams of much of their business. The electric network reached a peak of in 1950. The whole network (electric and non-electric) was still approximately in length (the peak of was in 1945), but by 1960 had been reduced to only . On several rural lines, passenger tramways were replaced by buses but SNCV/NMVB kept running freight trams until it wasn't profitable anymore. In 1977, the buses of the Belgian railways (SNCB/NMBS) were transferred to SNCV/NMVB. The tramways from Brussels to Wemmel, and Grimbergen closed in 1978.
Political federalism within Belgium from 1980 onwards saw the splitting of many national institutions into separate bodies for Flanders, Wallonia, and the Brussels-Capital Region. SNCV/NMVB was broken up in 1991 into De Lijn (for Flanders) and TEC (for Wallonia), both companies were now primarily operating buses. De Lijn inherited the tram systems in Ghent and Antwerp (including the Pre-metro), operated previously by local companies MIVG and MIVA respectively, and the coastal tramway. TEC operates the Charleroi Pre-metro, which includes sections of Vicinal track. STIB/MIVB operates the Brussels Metro, tram, and bus network.