Gossypium hirsutum explained

Gossypium hirsutum, also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton, is the most widely planted species of cotton in the world. Globally, about 90% of all cotton production is of cultivars derived from this species.^[1] In the United States, the world's largest exporter of cotton, it constitutes approximately 95% of all cotton production.^{[2] [3]} It is native to Mexico, the West Indies, northern South America, Central America and possibly tropical Florida.^[4]

Archeological evidence from the Tehuacan Valley in Mexico shows the cultivation of this species as long ago as 3,500 BC, although there is as yet no evidence as to exactly where it may have been first domesticated.^[5] This is the earliest evidence of cotton cultivation in the Americas found thus far.

Gossypium hirsutum includes a number of varieties or cross-bred cultivars with varying fiber lengths and tolerances to a number of growing conditions. The longer length varieties are called "long staple upland" and the shorter length varieties are referred to as "short staple upland". The long staple varieties are the most widely cultivated in commercial production.

Besides being fibre crops, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum are the main species used to produce cottonseed oil.

The Zuni people use this plant to make ceremonial garments,^[6] and the fuzz is made into cords and used ceremonially.^[7]

This species shows extrafloral nectar production.^[8]

Synonyms

• Gossypium barbadense var. marie-galante (G. Watt) A. Chev., Rev. Int. Bot. Appl Agric. Trop. 18:118. 1938.
• Gossypium jamaicense Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1:73. 1837.
• Gossypium lanceolatum Tod., Relaz. cult. coton. 185. 1877.
• Gossypium marie-galante G. Watt, Kew Bull. 1927:344. 1927.
• Gossypium mexicanum Tod., Ind. sem. panorm. 1867:20, 31. 1868.
• Gossypium morrillii O. F. Cook & J. Hubb., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 16:339. 1926.
• Gossypium palmeri G. Watt, Wild cult. cotton 204, t. 34. 1907.
• Gossypium punctatum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. pl. 309. 1827.
• Gossypium purpurascens Poir., Encycl. suppl. 2:369. 1811.
• Gossypium religiosum L., Syst. nat. ed. 12, 2:462. 1767.
• Gossypium schottii G. Watt, Wild cult. cotton 206. 1907.
• Gossypium taitense Parl., Sp. Cotoni 39, t. 6, fig. A. 1866.
• Gossypium tridens O. F. Cook & J. Hubb., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 16:547. 1926.

External links

• Cotton Botany at Cotton Inc.

Notes and References

1. https://www.yara.us/crop-nutrition/cotton/world-cotton-production/#:~:text=90%25%20of%20today's%20commercial%20cotton,most%20of%20their%20production%20domestically. World Cotton Production, Yara North America
2. Web site: USDA ERS - Cotton Sector at a Glance. www.ers.usda.gov. 2019-02-18.
3. News: Davenport . Coral . 2023-02-18 . How Climate Change Is Making Tampons (and Lots of Other Stuff) More Expensive . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-02-19 . 0362-4331.
4. Genetic Diversity in Gossypium hirsutum and the Origin of Upland. Wendel. etal. American Journal of Botany. 79. 11. 1291–1310. November 1992. JSTOR. 10.2307/2445058. 2445058.
5. Smith. C. E.. Stephens. S. G.. 10.1007/BF02860076. Critical identification of Mexican archaeological cotton remains. Economic Botany. 25. 2. 160. 1971. 24273337.
6. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 77)
7. Stevenson, p.92
8. Röse USR, Lewis J, Tumlinson JH. Extrafloral nectar from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as a food source for parasitic wasps. Functional Ecology 2006; 20:67-74.