Type 094 submarine explained

The Type 094 (; Chinese designation: 09-IV; NATO reporting name: Jin class) is a class of nuclear ballistic missile submarines developed by China for the People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force. The Type 094 succeeds the Type 092 submarine and precedes the Type 096 submarine, which is under development.

Description

The Type 094's chief designer was Zhang Jinlin.[1] It is likely based on the Type 093 nuclear-powered attack submarine.

A Type 094 was photographed by commercial satellites in late 2006 at the Xiaopingdao Submarine Base.[2] The first commissioned in 2007 and six were in commission in 2020. They began nuclear deterrence patrols in December 2015.[3]

The Type 094 is China's "first credible sea-based nuclear deterrent" according to the United States Department of Defense.[4] [5] They were initially armed with 12 JL-2 SLBMs;[6] each missile had one warhead[7] and a 7200km (4,500miles) range capable of reaching parts of Alaska launched from near China. By late 2022, they were rearmed with JL-3 SLBMs able to reach the continental United States from the South China Sea; ranges of over 10000km (10,000miles) have been reported.[8]

The Type 094A is a variant with a modified and improved sail. The sail appears to incorporate features from one installed on a modified Type 093.[9]

Noise

The Type 094 is noisier than contemporary submarines. In 2004, a Chinese researcher reported that the Type 094 had an acoustic signature of 120 decibels, comparable to the . In 2009, the Office of Naval Intelligence of the United States Navy listed the Type 094 as noisier than Soviet/Russian SSBNs from the late 1970s.[10] In 2015, Australian researchers Brendan Thomas-Noone and Rorey Medcalf noted that noisiness and the range of the JL-2 limited the submarine's effectiveness in attacks on the contiguous United States, but not on India.[11]

Boats

NameHull no.BuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedStatus
Type 094
Changzheng 11 411 Bohai Shipyard, Huludao2001 28 July 2004 March 2007 Active
Changzheng 12[12] 412 2003 2006 2010 Active
Changzheng 13 413 2004 December 2009 2012 Active
Changzheng 14 [13] 414 [14] 2006 [15] 2011 2015 Active
Type 094A
Changzheng 20420Bohai Shipyard, Huludao2017 April 2020 Active
Changzheng 21 42123 April 2021Active

See also

References

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 周劼 (Zhou, Jie) . 2023-01-09 . 张金麟院士在汉逝世，花甲之年挑起核潜艇研制工作重担 . Zhang Jinlin passed away in Wuhan, ...... . 2023-01-14 . news.cjn.cn . Yangtze Daily . zh . Wuhan, China.
  2. Web site: Kristensen . Hans M. . 4 October 2007 . Two More Chinese SSBNs Spotted . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150422231607/http://fas.org/blogs/security/2007/10/two_more_chinese_ssbns_spotted/ . 22 April 2015 . 21 April 2015 . fas.org . Federation of American Scientists . dmy-all.
  3. Fisher . Richard D. Jr. . 16 December 2015 . China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities . Jane's Defence Weekly . Surrey, UK . Jane's Information Group . 53 . 6 . 0265-3818.
  4. News: Funaiole . Matthew P. . Bermudez Jr. . Joseph S. . Hart . Brian . 4 August 2021 . A Glimpse of Chinese Ballistic Missile Submarines . .
  5. Web site: 2020 . 2020 Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China: Annual Report to Congress . United States Department of Defense.
  6. Book: Saunders . Stephen . IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016 . 2015 . 978-0-7106-3143-5 . 128.
  7. United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center . National Air and Space Intelligence Center . June 2017 . Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat . NASIC-1031-0985-17 . 12 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190514222937/https://www.nasic.af.mil/Portals/19/images/Fact%20Sheet%20Images/2017%20Ballistic%20and%20Cruise%20Missile%20Threat_Final_small.pdf?ver=2017-07-21-083234-343 . 14 May 2019 . live . dmy-all .
  8. Web site: Capaccio . Anthony . 18 November 2022 . China Has Put Longer-Range ICBMs on Its Nuclear Subs, US Says . 19 November 2022 . Bloomberg.
  9. Web site: Fisher . Richard D Jr. . 15 July 2016 . Images show possible new variant of China's Type 094 SSBN . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161123132842/http://www.janes.com/article/62282/images-show-possible-new-variant-of-china-s-type-094-ssbn . 23 November 2016 . 22 November 2016 . IHS Jane's 360 . dmy-all.
  10. The People's Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics . Office of Naval Intelligence . August 2009 . 22 (pp25 of PDF) . Office of Naval Intelligence . 24 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140909231931/http://fas.org/irp/agency/oni/pla-navy.pdf . 9 September 2014 . live . dmy-all.
  11. Nuclear-armed submarines in Indo-Pacific Asia: Stabiliser or menace? . Thomas-Noone . Brendan . Medcalf . Rory . September 2015 . . 6 (pp8 of PDF) . 5 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909003141/http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/nuclear-armed-submarines-in-indo-pacific-asia-stabiliser-or-menace_0.pdf . 9 September 2015 . dead . dmy-all.
  12. Web site: 《新闻联播》曝光中国海上大阅兵独家画面(图) . 观察者网 . 23 April 2019 . sina.com.cn . 25 April 2021.
  13. Web site: Tate . Andrew . China commissions three major naval vessels on PLAN's 72nd anniversary . Janes . 27 April 2021 . 27 April 2021 .
  14. Web site: 赵文涵 . 习近平出席海军三型主战舰艇集中交接入列活动 . . 24 April 2021 . 27 April 2021.
  15. Jane's Fighting Ships, 2023-24 Edition, ISBN 978-0-7106-3428 3, page 132.

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