Buildings can appear to be twisted by design, where the twisting (torsion, helix, etc.) is structural rather than merely an ornamental detail. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat defines a twisting building as one that progressively rotates its floor plates or its façade as it gains height.[1] There are 41 spiraled skyscrapers, and 4 more are under construction.[2]
Turning Torso, in Malmö, Sweden is regarded as the first twisted tower or building. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava and was completed in 2005.[3] When completed, Diamond Tower will be the only building to twist a full 360 degrees along its height. F&F Tower, in Panama City, holds the record for the tightest twist, that is, the highest average rotation per floor, at 5.943 degrees across each of its 53 floors; and as of 2017, it is the completed building with the highest total rotation, with 315 degrees.
The following list includes completed or topped-out buildings sorted by height.[4] Buildings under construction are shaded in grey.
| Rank | Image | Name | City | Height in m (ft) | Floor count | Completion year | Average floor rotation | Total rotation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shanghai Tower | Shanghai, China | 128 | 2015 | 0.938° | ° | |||
| 2 | Lakhta Center | Saint Petersburg, Russia | 87 | 2019 | ° | ° | |||
| 3 | Burj Almasa | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | 93 | 2027 | ° | ° | |||
| 4 | Telekom Tower | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 55 | 2001 | |||||
| 5 | Ocean Heights | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 83 | 2010 | ° | ° | |||
| 6 | Cayan Tower | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 73 | 2013 | ° | ° | |||
| 7 | Supernova Spira | Noida, India | 80 | 2025 | ° | ° | |||
| 8 | Shimao Qianhai Center | Shenzhen, China | 63 | 2020 | ° | ° | |||
| 9 | Crown Sydney | Sydney, Australia | 75 | 2020 | ° | ° | |||
| 10 | Regent Emirates Pearl | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | 52 | 2016 | ° | ° | |||
| 11 | Ningbo Bank of China Headquarters | Ningbo, China | 50 | 2016 | ° | ° | |||
| 12 | Evolution Tower | Moscow, Russia | 55 | 2015 | ° | ° | |||
| 13 | F&F Tower | Panama City, Panama | 53 | 2011 | ° | ° | |||
| 14 | Al Majdoul Tower | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 54 | 2019 | ° | ° | |||
| 15 | Capital Diamond Tower | New Administrative Capital, Egypt | 62 | 2026 | ° | ° | |||
| 16 | Azrieli Sarona Tower | Tel Aviv, Israel | 238.5 m (782 ft) | 61 | 2017 | ||||
| 17 | Al Tijaria Tower | Kuwait City, Kuwait | 41 | 2009 | ° | ° | |||
| 18 | Naza Tower 1 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 50 | 2015 | |||||
| 19 | SOCAR Tower | Baku, Azerbaijan | 42 | 2016 | ° | ° | |||
| 20 | Barcelona Tower | Tirana, Albania | 50 | 2030 | ° | ° | |||
| 21 | United Tower | Manama, Bahrain | 47 | 2016 | ° | ° | |||
| 22 | Al Bidda Tower | Doha, Qatar | 44 | 2009 | ° | ° | |||
| 23 | Turning Torso | Malmö, Sweden | 57 | 2005 | ° | ° | |||
| 24 | Paradox Hotel Vancouver | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | 63 | 2016 | ° | ° | |||
| 25 | Dance Of Light tower | Chongqing, China | 180 m (590 ft) | 39 | 2022 | 2.045° | 90° | ||
| 26 | Generali Tower (Italian: lo Storto) | Milan, Italy | 44 | 2017 | ° | ° | |||
| 27 | Absolute World (Building D) | Mississauga, Ontario, Canada | 56 | 2012 | ° | ° | |||
| 28 | Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers | Nagoya, Japan | 38 | 2008 | ° | ° | |||
| 29 | Ministry of Taxes | Baku, Azerbaijan | 32 | 2021 | ° | ° | |||
| 30 | Naza Tower 2 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 38 | 2015 | |||||
| 31 | Absolute World (Building E) | Mississauga, Canada | 50 | 2012 | ° | ° | |||
| 32 | Baltimore Tower | London, United Kingdom | 44 | 2017 | ° | ° | |||
| 33 | Axis Towers (ka) | Tbilisi, Georgia (country) | 37 | 2020 | |||||
| 34 | CORE 31 "Cúspide" | Huixquilucan, México | 38 | 2020 | ° | ° | |||
| 35 | Avaz Twist Tower | Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 40 | 2008 | ° | ° | |||
| 36 | The Point | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 36 | 2014 | ° | ° | |||
| 37 | Sichuan Radio and Television Centre | Chengdu, China | 31 | 2010 | ° | ° | |||
| 38 | Ayia Napa Marina Towers | Ayia Napa, Cyprus | 118 m (388 ft) | 28 | 2020 | ° | ° | ||
| 39 | PwC Tower | Midrand, South Africa | 26 | 2018 | ° | ° | |||
| 40 | Xiamen Suiwa Tower | Xiamen, China | 22 | TBA | ° | ° | |||
| 41 | Grove at Grand Bay (north tower) | Miami, United States | 21 | 2016 | ° | ° | |||
| Grove at Grand Bay (south tower) | |||||||||
| 42 | Tao Zhu Yin Yuan | Taipei, Taiwan | 21 | 2018 | ° | ° | |||
| 43 | Avian Tower | Surabaya, Indonesia | 20 | 2018 | ° | ° |
