| Cabinet Name: | Third Shamir Cabinet |
| Cabinet Number: | 23rd |
| Jurisdiction: | Israel |
| Flag: | Flag of Israel.svg |
| Flag Border: | true |
| Government Head: | Yitzhak Shamir |
| State Head: | Chaim Herzog |
| Legislature Status: | National Unity Government |
| Political Parties: | Likud Alignment (until 15 March 1990) Shas National Religious Party Agudat Yisrael Degel HaTorah |
| Previous: | 22nd Cabinet of Israel |
| Successor: | 24th Cabinet of Israel |
| Legislature Term: | 12th Knesset |
| Election: | 1988 Israeli legislative election |
| Opposition Leader: | Shulamit Aloni |
The twenty-third government of Israel was formed by Yitzhak Shamir of Likud on 22 December 1988, following the November 1988 elections. The government remained a national unity coalition between Likud and the Alignment, with the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah also being members of the coalition. It was the first government to have a Minister of the Environment.
In 1990, after Shamir refused to accept a peace initiative developed by United States Secretary of State James Baker, the Alignment filed a motion of no-confidence in the government. Shamir fired all the Alignment ministers,[1] but the vote was passed by 60–55, meaning that President Chaim Herzog had to ask one of the party leaders to form a new government. It was the first, and to date, only time which a government was brought down by a no confidence motion. Herzog initially asked Alignment leader Shimon Peres to form a new government, but after Peres was unable to, turned to Shamir, who successfully formed the twenty-fourth government on 11 June. The incident became known as the dirty trick.
1 Although Deri was not a Knesset member at the time, he was a member of Shas.