The word "turnip" can refer to any of the following four vegetables:
Regional differences in terminology are summarised in the table below.
| Scientific name | Brassica rapa rapa | Brassica napus or B. napobrassica | Pachyrhizus | Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southern England, South Yorkshire, most Commonwealth countries | turnip | swede (from "swedish turnip") | yam | mooli | |
| Scotland, northern England, Ireland, Isle of Man | white turnip | turnip, yellow turnip or "neep" | yam | mooli | |
| Cornwall | turnip | turnip | mooli | ||
| United States | turnip | rutabaga or yellow turnip | jicama | daikon | |
| Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines | turnip | chai tow, chai tau (Hokkien and Teochew: Chinese: 菜頭) | |||
| Hong Kong | turnip;[1] lobak, lo pak (Cantonese: Chinese: 蘿蔔) | ||||
| also called | white turnip or summer turnip | yellow turnip or winter turnip | sweet turnip |
Brassica napus and B. napobrassica are mostly called swedes (a shortening of Swedish turnip) in England, especially in the South, and in most dialects of the Commonwealth. Rutabaga, from the Swedish Swedish: rotabagga, for "root bag" is mostly used in North America, in the United States and some parts of Canada. The rutabaga or swede differs from the turnip (Brassica rapa) in that it is typically larger and yellow-orange rather than white. In the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Atlantic Canada, the yellow-fleshed variety are referred to as "turnips", whilst the white-fleshed variety are called "white turnips".
However, in some dialects of British English the two vegetables have overlapping or reversed names: in the north of England and Scotland, the larger, yellow variety may be called "yellow turnip" or "neep", while the smaller white variety are called "swede" or "white turnip". The yellow-fleshed type are known as "narkies" in Sunderland, and in past years used to be hollowed out and used as lanterns at Halloween, [2] as was the case in Scotland, before the acceptance of the American-style Halloween pumpkin. In the Isle of Man, Turnips are still used for Halloween (‘Hop Tu Naa’) lanterns, in place of pumpkins.
Kohlrabi is also called German turnip, turnip cabbage or cabbage turnip,[3] although there the stem, not the root, is the enlarged part.