List of tumblers (small Solar System bodies) explained

This is a list of tumblers, minor planets, comets and natural satellites whose angular momentum vector is far from the principal axis of inertia, so that they do not rotate in a fairly constant manner with a constant period. Instead of rotating around a constant axis or around a wobbling axis, they appear to tumble (see Poinsot's ellipsoid for an explanation). For true tumbling, the three moments of inertia must be different. If two are equal, then the axis of rotation will simply precess in a circle. As of 2018, there are 3 natural satellites and 198 confirmed or likely tumblers out of a total of nearly 800,000 discovered small Solar System bodies. The data is sourced from the "Lightcurve Data Base" (LCDB). The tumbling of a body can be caused by the torque from asymmetrically emitted radiation known as the YORP effect.

Note that the rotation periods given below are approximate. The rotation period is not constant for a tumbler.

Natural satellites

This is a list of tumbling natural satellites (moons) that orbit planets and dwarf planets in the Solar System.

width=90 Moonwidth=90 Satellite ofRotation period
(days)
ΔmagDiameter
(km)
Abs. mag
(H)
Refs
align=left ~13 [1]
align=left 1.829 [2]
align=left 0.4295

Minor planets and comets

Small Solar System bodies
TumblerRotation period
(hours)
ΔmagQuality
(U)
ClassTax.Diameter
(km)
Abs. mag
(H)
Refs
(status)(flag)
align=left suspected 18.1 2   align=left align=right 2.20 17.02
align=left secure 7.9 2.50 2   align=left D? align=right 22.08
align=left secure 0.2 1.10 3   align=left align=right 0.04 24.44
align=left suspected 51.7 1.12 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.10 22.30
align=left secure 20 1.30 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.36 19.23
align=left secure 0.1 1.16 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.02 25.70
align=left suspected 16.7 0.80 2+ align=left NEO S align=right 0.11 22.20
align=left suspected 0.1 1.14 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.01 26.80
align=left suspected 0.2 1.90 1   align=left NEO S align=right 0.06 23.60
align=left secure 26 1.00 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.26 20.30
align=left suspected 42 0.36 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.19 21.00
align=left secure 0 1.02 3   align=left NEO align=right 0.00 30.90
align=left suspected 42.3 1.08 2   align=left NEO align=right 0.12 22.00
align=left suspected 5 1.24 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.05 24.00
align=left suspected 1.8 n.a. align=left NEO S align=right 0.06 23.50
align=left secure 2.9 0.85 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.11 22.20
align=left secure 0.2 0.95 3-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.06 23.60
align=left secure 0.1 2.00 3-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.04 24.30
align=left suspected 6 1.80 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.18 21.10
align=left suspected 2.3 1.02 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.08 22.90
align=left suspected 0 n.a. align=left NEO S align=right 0.04 24.60
align=left suspected 24.2 1.18 3-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.20 20.90
align=left secure 0.2 0.93 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.01 26.70
align=left secure 1.9 1.06 3-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.07 23.10
align=left suspected 64.6 0.68 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.52 18.80
align=left secure 32.6 0.75 3-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.30 20.00
align=left secure 0.2 1.60 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.04 24.50
align=left secure 3 0.96 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.07 23.10
align=left suspected 14.4 0.45 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.12 21.90
align=left suspected 2 0.89 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.07 23.30
align=left secure 0.4 0.69 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.04 24.30
align=left secure 6.4 1.16 3-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.21 20.80
align=left suspected 46.3 0.59 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.25 20.40
align=left secure 0 0.96 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.01 29.00
align=left secure 0.2 0.55 3-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.03 25.20
align=left suspected 28.5 1.08 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.20 20.90
align=left secure 0.4 1.00 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.02 25.80
align=left secure 1.8 1.25 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.03 25.10
align=left secure 14.5 0.53 2+ align=left NEO S align=right 0.06 23.50
align=left suspected 1.8 0.14 1   align=left NEO S align=right 0.07 23.10
align=left secure 3.6 1.30 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.02 26.10
align=left secure 2.5 1.10 2+ align=left NEO S align=right 0.15 21.50
align=left secure 0.7 1.09 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.04 24.50
align=left 333P/LINEAR suspected 21 0.45 2   align=left align=right
align=left secure 36.6 0.32 2   align=left align=right
align=left secure 417.7 0.50 3   align=left align=right 58.01 10.30
align=left secure 1170 0.90 3   align=left align=right 32.24 10.00
align=left secure 430 0.50 3   align=left MBA align=right 68.01 10.10
align=left secure 318 0.92 3   align=left align=right 14.67 10.55
align=left secure 433.2 0.35 3-  align=left S align=right 14.46 10.71
align=left secure 1072 1.25 3   align=left S align=right 15.47 11.61
align=left secure 126.3 0.50 3   align=left S align=right 14.29 11.59
align=left suspected 200 0.78 2   align=left S align=right 8.58 12.50
align=left secure 151.5 0.45 3-  align=left Flora S align=right 8.97 12.60
align=left suspected 32.7 0.28 3   align=left align=right 74.29  9.70
align=left 1278 Kenya secure 188 0.75 3   align=left align=right 20.56 10.80
align=left secure 138 0.65 2+ align=left S align=right 7.13 13.10
align=left suspected 118.7 0.60 2+ align=left Flora S align=right 7.47 12.80
align=left secure 139.1 0.60 3   align=left S align=right 17.62 11.70
align=left secure 660 1.30 2+ align=left XFU align=right 17.52 11.90
align=left suspected 132.3 0.33 2+ align=left align=right 82.72  9.62
align=left secure 66.2 0.85 3   align=left align=right 7.82 12.70
align=left suspected 252 0.76 2   align=left S align=right 9.81 12.20
align=left suspected 145 0.40 3   align=left S align=right 16.21 11.74
align=left suspected 107.1 0.50 3   align=left S align=right 9.54 12.10
align=left secure 375 0.87 3-  align=left S align=right 6.97 13.15
align=left secure 122 0.60 2+ align=left S align=right 11.55 12.00
align=left suspected 131.3 0.50 2   align=left align=right 17.60 12.50
align=left secure 130 1.16 2   align=left align=right 16.71 11.25
align=left secure 93 0.70 2+ align=left Xe align=right 5.28 13.00
align=left 2045 Peking secure 82.4 0.80 2   align=left align=right 11.83 12.00
align=left suspected 273 0.90 2   align=left S align=right 7.82 12.70
align=left suspected 831 0.90 2+ align=left S align=right 9.60 12.40
align=left suspected 1060 0.75 2+ align=left S align=right 9.85 12.20
align=left 2705 Wu secure 150.5 1.20 3-  align=left Flora S align=right 6.21 13.20
align=left 2731 Cucula suspected 61.6 0.40 2+ align=left align=right 50.85 10.80
align=left 2733 Hamina suspected 93.2 0.48 2   align=left align=right 8.18 12.80
align=left secure 80 1.10 2   align=left S align=right 6.81 13.00
align=left 3160 Angerhofer suspected 44.7 0.32 2   align=left Erigone align=right 11.11 13.50
align=left secure 75 1.00 3   align=left align=right 2.20 15.50
align=left 3447 Burckhalter secure 59.8 0.39 3   align=left align=right 7.63 12.20
align=left secure 226.8 0.50 2   align=left align=right 1.83 15.22
align=left 3833 Calingasta secure 199 1.20 3   align=left align=right 2.59 15.30
align=left suspected 140 0.60 2   align=left align=right 7.13 13.10
align=left secure 176 1.46 3   align=left S align=right 2.45 15.30
align=left secure 56.5 0.64 3   align=left NEO S align=right 1.13 17.10
align=left 4678 Ninian suspected 56.7 1.04 3-  align=left S align=right 5.17 13.60
align=left 4690 Strasbourg secure 69.2 0.80 2   align=left align=right 4.62 13.60
align=left 4718 Araki suspected 46.4 0.16 2   align=left align=right 7.13 13.10
align=left 4750 Mukai suspected 38.3 0.40 2   align=left S align=right 4.50 13.90
align=left secure 738 0.60 2   align=left align=right 61.04  9.80
align=left suspected 480 0.80 3   align=left align=right 6.50 13.30
align=left 5202 Charleseliot suspected 183 0.58 2   align=left S align=right 9.53 13.37
align=left 5247 Krylov secure 81.5 1.50 2   align=left S align=right 10.06 12.20
align=left 5378 Ellyett secure 47.3 0.48 2   align=left align=right 4.22 13.80
align=left 5577 Priestley secure 160 0.85 3-  align=left Hungaria align=right 4.30 14.20
align=left secure 30.4 0.70 2   align=left S align=right 1.65 17.24
align=left 5851 Inagawa suspected 367.5 0.90 3   align=left S align=right 9.60 12.40
align=left 5887 Yauza suspected 54.8 0.30 2   align=left S align=right 5.93 13.30
align=left 5967 Edithlevy secure 66 0.70 3-  align=left align=right 4.22 13.80
align=left secure 48.6 0.12 2   align=left align=right 1.96 15.90
align=left 6183 Viscome suspected 453 0.90 3-  align=left S align=right 5.41 13.70
align=left 6192 Javiergorosabel secure 78.9 0.95 3   align=left S align=right 7.39 12.80
align=left 6271 Farmer suspected 250 0.22 2   align=left align=right 4.62 13.60
align=left 6461 Adam secure 74 0.76 2   align=left Hungaria E align=right 3.35 14.30
align=left 6779 Perrine suspected 72.3 1.16 2   align=left align=right 4.30 14.00
align=left secure 648 0.30 3-  align=left align=right 58.29  9.90
align=left 7421 Kusaka secure 96.5 0.70 2   align=left align=right 8.39 13.50
align=left 7430 Kogure secure 335.9 0.57 2   align=left S align=right 7.82 12.90
align=left suspected 146.8 0.93 3-  align=left MBA S align=right 5.93 13.50
align=left 8130 Seeberg suspected 38.1 0.42 3-  align=left align=right 24.30 11.80
align=left suspected 97.1 1.04 2   align=left align=right 3.11 14.90
align=left 9739 Powell suspected 109 0.40 2   align=left align=right 3.82 13.70
align=left suspected 69 1.30 3-  align=left align=right 6.96 13.00
align=left 11579 Tsujitsuka suspected 56.6 1.19 2   align=left S align=right 5.28 13.70
align=left suspected 375 0.80 3-  align=left align=right 29.21 11.40
align=left 13553 Masaakikoyama secure 38 1.10 2   align=left align=right 1.38 16.71
align=left secure 33.6 1.20 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.73 18.05
align=left 14395 Tommorgan secure 35.5 0.61 2+ align=left align=right 2.11 15.30
align=left 14764 Kilauea secure 19.8 1.20 2   align=left Hungaria E align=right 2.79 14.70
align=left suspected 250 0.30 2-  align=left align=right 46.30 10.40
align=left 16064 Davidharvey secure 178.5 0.70 2   align=left C align=right 4.10 16.56
align=left 16589 Hastrup secure 128 0.62 2   align=left align=right 2.19 14.96
align=left suspected 275 0.41 2   align=left align=right 21.16 12.10
align=left suspected 708 0.43 3-  align=left align=right 6.06 13.30
align=left secure 4.6 0.56 3-  align=left S align=right 5.16 13.80
align=left suspected 101 0.67 2   align=left S align=right 7.29 13.27
align=left suspected 178 0.70 2   align=left align=right 3.85 14.00
align=left suspected 68.1 1.04 2   align=left align=right 16.81 12.60
align=left secure 30.9 1.61 2   align=left align=right 2.66 14.80
align=left secure 49.9 0.60 2   align=left align=right 3.74 14.50
align=left secure 58.3 0.35 2   align=left align=right 2.02 15.40
align=left suspected 47 0.15 2   align=left align=right 5.00 13.91
align=left secure 99 0.80 2+ align=left S align=right 4.60 13.90
align=left secure 30.6 0.63 3-  align=left Phocaea S align=right 4.57 13.59
align=left secure 64 0.80 2   align=left S align=right 3.41 14.70
align=left 33319 Kunqu suspected 105 0.90 2+ align=left align=right 2.43 15.00
align=left suspected 211 0.40 2   align=left align=right 10.61 13.60
align=left suspected 82 0.75 2-  align=left align=right 2.79 14.70
align=left secure 56.5 1.22 2   align=left Hungaria E align=right 2.92 14.60
align=left suspected 990 0.55 2   align=left align=right 3.92 14.40
align=left suspected 216 1.50 3   align=left S align=right 0.36 19.60
align=left secure 140 0.85 2   align=left align=right 2.02 15.40
align=left suspected 223.5 0.92 2   align=left align=right 2.15 15.70
align=left secure 894 1.32 2   align=left S align=right 3.49 14.50
align=left suspected 87 1.30 2-  align=left align=right 1.40 16.20
align=left secure 136 0.70 2   align=left align=right 7.00 15.20
align=left secure 37.6 1.40 3   align=left NEO align=right 2.97 15.00
align=left secure 46.1 0.55 2   align=left NEO S align=right 1.88 16.00
align=left suspected 7.1 0.36 2+ align=left align=right 2.11 15.30
align=left suspected 68.5 1.31 2   align=left Hungaria E align=right 2.54 14.90
align=left 65637 Tsniimash secure 220 0.90 3   align=left Hungaria E align=right 3.35 14.30
align=left secure 36.7 0.60 3-  align=left Hungaria E align=right 2.32 15.10
align=left suspected 31.8 0.95 2   align=left Hungaria E align=right 2.11 15.30
align=left 79316 Huangshan suspected 493 0.62 2+ align=left Hungaria E align=right 2.66 14.80
align=left suspected 25 0.90 1+ align=left align=right 0.75 18.00
align=left suspected 68.4 0.87 2+ align=left NEO S align=right 0.71 18.10
align=left suspected 34.5 1.10 2-  align=left NEO align=right 2.22 16.10
align=left suspected 206 0.85 2   align=left NEO align=right 1.24 16.90
align=left secure 14.4 0.90 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.26 20.29
align=left secure 30.6 1.14 3   align=left NEO align=right 0.35 19.09
align=left suspected 72.4 0.51 2   align=left align=right 3.35 16.10
align=left suspected 60.8 1.40 3   align=left C align=right 2.65 15.10
align=left secure 25.4 0.65 2+ align=left align=right 1.60 15.90
align=left suspected 124 0.55 2-  align=left align=right 1.97 15.70
align=left suspected 78.6 1.05 2+ align=left S align=right 1.24 16.90
align=left suspected 114.4 1.60 3   align=left NEO S align=right 1.88 16.00
align=left secure 125 1.35 2   align=left NEO S align=right 1.42 16.60
align=left suspected 161 0.96 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.57 18.60
align=left secure 13.5 1.11 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.68 18.20
align=left secure 60.6 0.56 3   align=left NEO S align=right 2.06 15.80
align=left suspected 151.1 1.70 3   align=left NEO S align=right 2.47 15.40
align=left suspected 285 2.20 2+ align=left NEO S align=right 1.03 17.30
align=left secure 46.1 1.00 3   align=left S align=right 1.30 16.80
align=left suspected 2.5 0.20 1   align=left Mars crosser S align=right 3.74 14.50
align=left suspected 260 0.87 2   align=left Mars crosser S align=right 2.84 15.10
align=left suspected 37.5 0.43 2   align=left S align=right 0.54 18.70
align=left secure 102.2 0.58 3   align=left NEO S align=right 1.38 16.67
align=left secure 51.9 1.20 3   align=left NEO align=right 0.71 18.10
align=left suspected 31.1 0.96 2+ align=left NEO align=right 0.65 18.30
align=left suspected 180 0.36 2   align=left NEO S align=right 1.42 16.60
align=left suspected 39.1 0.92 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.78 17.90
align=left suspected 71 0.85 2   align=left S align=right 3.41 14.70
align=left secure 45.5 0.65 2   align=left S align=right 2.25 15.60
align=left secure 8.7 1.79 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.05 24.00
align=left suspected 31.7 0.92 2+ align=left NEO S align=right 0.57 18.60
align=left secure 38 1.20 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.52 18.80
align=left suspected 49 0.17 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.36 19.60
align=left suspected 44.2 0.56 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.25 20.40
align=left 398188 Agni secure 22 1.12 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.37 19.50
align=left secure 2.9 2.00 3   align=left NEO S align=right 0.40 19.90
align=left suspected 135 1.10 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.75 18.00
align=left secure 66.8 0.80 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.71 18.10
align=left secure 36 0.38 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.39 19.40
align=left suspected 71.3 1.00 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.33 19.80
align=left suspected 21.8 1.16 2+ align=left NEO S align=right 0.24 20.50
align=left suspected 15 0.21 2-  align=left NEO S align=right 0.34 19.70
align=left secure 37.9 0.80 2   align=left NEO S align=right 0.47 19.00

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hyperion In Depth . NASA . 2019-02-26.
  2. Verbiscer . A. J. . Porter . S. B. . Buratti . B. J. . Weaver . H. A. . Spencer . J. R. . Showalter . M. R. . Buie . M. W. . Hofgartner . J. D. . Hicks . M. D. . Ennico-Smith . K. . Olkin . C. B. . Stern . S. A. . Young . L. A. . Cheng . A. . Phase Curves of Nix and Hydra from the New Horizons Imaging Cameras . The Astrophysical Journal . 2018 . 852 . 2 . L35 . 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa486. free . 2018ApJ...852L..35V .