Tripleurospermum Explained

Tripleurospermum is a genus in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family.^{[1] [2]} Mayweed is a common name for plants in this genus.

Most of the species are from Europe and temperate Asia although a few are from North America and North Africa. The species are placed in Matricaria by some authors.^{[3] [4] [5]}

Plants typically have lobed leaves that are composed of one to three opposite pairs cut almost to the leaf mid rib: they have indehiscent one-celled fruits that have 3-ribs and two resinous glands at the base, Matricaria species are distinguished from these species by lacking fruits with 3-ribs and the two glands.^[6]

Species

There are approximately 40 species recognised in the genus Tripleurospermum:^[7]

• Tripleurospermum ambiguum - Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Altai Krai
• Tripleurospermum anchialense
• Tripleurospermum auriculatum (Boiss.) Rech.f. - Middle East including Egypt and Saudi Arabia
• Tripleurospermum baytopianum
• Tripleurospermum breviradiatum
• Tripleurospermum callosum (Boiss. & Heldr.) E.Hossain - Turkey
• Tripleurospermum caucasicum (Willd.) Hayek - south-eastern Europe and south-western Asia from Switzerland to Iran
• Tripleurospermum conoclinium (Boiss. & Balansa) Hayek - Greece, Turkey
• Tripleurospermum corymbosum
• Tripleurospermum decipiens (Fisch. & C.A Mey.) Bornm. - Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
• Tripleurospermum disciforme (C.A.Mey.) Sch.Bip. - central and south-western Asia
• Tripleurospermum elongatum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.) Bornm. - Turkey, Georgia
• Tripleurospermum eskilense - Turkey
• Tripleurospermum fissurale - Turkey
• Tripleurospermum froedinii
• Tripleurospermum griersonii
• Tripleurospermum heterolepis - Turkey
  • Tripleurospermum homogamum G.X.Fu - Xinjiang Tripleurospermum hookeri
• Tripleurospermum hygrophilum - Turkey
• Tripleurospermum inodorum - Europe, temperate and arctic Asia; naturalized in North America, New Zealand etc., considered a noxious weed in some places
• Tripleurospermum insularum
• Tripleurospermum kotschyi
• Tripleurospermum limosum (Maxim.) Pobed. - China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia), Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Russia (Irkutsk, Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye)
• Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W.D.J.Koch - Arctic coasts of Eurasia and North America
• Tripleurospermum melanolepis (Boiss. & Buhse) Pobed. - Turkey, Caucasus
• Tripleurospermum microcephalum (Boiss.) Bornm. - Turkey, Iran, Syria, Lebanon
• Tripleurospermum monticola (Boiss. & A.Huet) Bornm. - Azerbaijan, Armenia
• Tripleurospermum parviflorum (Willd.) Pobed. - Greece, Ukraine, Crimea, European Russia, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
• Tripleurospermum pichleri (Boiss.) Bornm. - Bithynia region of Turkey
• Tripleurospermum repens - Turkey
• Tripleurospermum rosellum - Greece and Turkey including islands
• Tripleurospermum rupestre
• Tripleurospermum sannineum - Lebanon
• Tripleurospermum sevanense (Manden.) Pobed. - Turkey, Iran, Armenia
• Tripleurospermum subpolare - Scandinavia, Baltic States, northern European Russia
• Tripleurospermum tempskyanum - Greece
• Tripleurospermum tenuifolium - Caucasus; southeastern Europe from Germany to Bulgaria
• Tripleurospermum tetragonospermum
• Tripleurospermum transcaucasicum - Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan
• Tripleurospermum ziganaense

Formerly included

The genus is closely related to Heteromera, Matricaria, and Pyrethrum.

• Tripleurospermum breviradiatum - Matricaria breviradiata
• Tripleurospermum fuscatum - Heteromera fuscata
• Tripleurospermum philaenorum - Heteromera philaenorum
• Tripleurospermum pulchrum - Pyrethrum pulchrum

Notes and References

1. Schultz, Carl Heinrich Ġinus. 1844. Ueber die Tanaceteen: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der deutschen Arten 31–34
2. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40019017 Tropicos, Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip.
3. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=133732 Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 548, Tripleurospermum Schultz-Bipontinus, Tanaceteen. 31. 1844.
4. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=133732 Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 769 三肋果属 san lei guo shu Tripleurospermum Schultz Bipontinus, Tanaceteen. 31. 1844.
5. http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=tripleurospermum+inodorum Altervista Flora Italilana, Camomilla senza odore, Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.
6. 6. Tripleurospermum . Flora of Pakistan . 207 . 33 . . New York & Oxford . 2008-06-16 .
7. Web site: Tripleurospermum Sch.Bip. Plants of the World Online Kew Science . 2023-11-16 . Plants of the World Online . en.