T-HCA explained

trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid (T-HCA), also known as γ-hydroxycrotonic acid (GHC), is an agent used in scientific research to study the GHB receptor.[1] It is an analogue of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), as well as an active metabolite of GHB.[2] [3] [4] Similarly to GHB, T-HCA has been found to be endogenous to the rat central nervous system, and as a metabolite of GHB, is almost certain to be endogenous to humans as well.[5] T-HCA binds to the high-affinity GHB receptor with 4-fold greater affinity than GHB itself,[6] where it acts as an agonist,[7] but does not bind to the low-affinity GHB binding site, the GABAB receptor.[8] Because of this, T-HCA does not produce sedation. T-HCA has been shown to cause receptor activation-evoked increases in extracellular glutamate concentrations, notably in the hippocampus.[8]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Tunnicliff G, Cash CD . Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate: Pharmacological and Functional Aspects. 2 September 2003. CRC Press. 978-0-203-30099-2. 24,104.
  2. Quang LS, Desai MC, Kraner JC, Shannon MW, Woolf AD, Maher TJ . Enzyme and receptor antagonists for preventing toxicity from the gamma-hydroxybutyric acid precursor 1,4-butanediol in CD-1 mice . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . 965 . 1 . 461–472 . June 2002 . 12105121 . 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04187.x . 25644267 . 2002NYASA.965..461Q .
  3. Bourguignon JJ, Schoenfelder A, Schmitt M, Wermuth CG, Hechler V, Charlier B, Maitre M . Analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Synthesis and binding studies . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry . 31 . 5 . 893–897 . May 1988 . 3361576 . 10.1021/jm00400a001 .
  4. Book: Maher TJ . Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System . Lemke TL, Williams DA . Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. https://books.google.com/books?id=Sd6ot9ul-bUC&pg=PA414 . 24 January 2012. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 978-1-60913-345-0. 414–.
  5. Vayer P, Dessort D, Bourguignon JJ, Wermuth CG, Mandel P, Maitre M . Natural occurrence of trans-gamma hydroxycrotonic acid in rat brain . Biochemical Pharmacology . 34 . 13 . 2401–2404 . July 1985 . 4015683 . 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90804-4 .
  6. Wellendorph P, Høg S, Greenwood JR, de Lichtenberg A, Nielsen B, Frølund B, Brehm L, Clausen RP, Bräuner-Osborne H . 6 . Novel cyclic gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) analogs with high affinity and stereoselectivity of binding to GHB sites in rat brain . The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics . 315 . 1 . 346–351 . October 2005 . 16014570 . 10.1124/jpet.105.090472 . 10332754 .
  7. Book: Patrylo PR . Epilepsy and Seizure Susceptibility in the Aging Brain . Schwartzkron PD . Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research. https://books.google.com/books?id=fPiWNqymTkYC&pg=PT44 . 27 May 2009. Academic Press. 978-0-12-373961-2. 44–.
  8. Castelli MP, Ferraro L, Mocci I, Carta F, Carai MA, Antonelli T, Tanganelli S, Cignarella G, Gessa GL . 6 . Selective gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor ligands increase extracellular glutamate in the hippocampus, but fail to activate G protein and to produce the sedative/hypnotic effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid . Journal of Neurochemistry . 87 . 3 . 722–732 . November 2003 . 14535954 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02037.x . 82175813 .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "T-HCA".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.