Trailokya Explained

Trailokya (Sanskrit: त्रैलोक्य; ; Pali: tiloka, Tibetan: khams gsum; Chinese: 三界; Vietnamese: Tam Giới) literally means "three worlds".^[1] ^[2] ^[3] It can also refer to "three spheres," "three planes of existence," and "three realms".^[4]

Conceptions of three worlds (tri-loka) appear in Hinduism and Jainism, as well as early Buddhist texts.

Hindu cosmology

See main article: articles and Hindu cosmology. The concept of three worlds has a number of different interpretations in Hindu cosmology.

Traditionally, the three worlds refer to either the earth (Bhuloka), heaven (Svarga), and hell (Naraka),^[5] or the earth (Bhuloka), heaven (Svarga), and the netherworld (Patala)^[6]
The Brahmanda Purana conceives them to be Bhūta (past), Bhavya (future), and Bhavat (present)^[7]
In Vaishnavism, the three worlds are often described to be bhūr, bhuvaḥ, and svaḥ (the gross region, the subtle region, and the celestial region)^[8]
In the Nilanamatapurana, Vamana covers his second step on the three worlds of Maharloka, Janaloka, and Tapoloka, all of which are regarded to be a part of the seven heavens^[9]

Buddhist cosmology

See main article: Buddhist cosmology. In Buddhism, the three worlds refer to the following destinations for karmic rebirth:

Kāmaloka the world of desire, typified by base desires, populated by hell beings, preta (hungry ghosts), animals, humans and lower demi-gods.
Rūpaloka is the world of form, predominantly free of baser desires, populated by dhyāna-dwelling gods, possible rebirth destination for those well practiced in dhyāna.
Arūpaloka is the world of formlessness, a noncorporeal realm populated with four heavens, possible rebirth destination for practitioners of the four formlessness stages.

Together, they make up all of existence.

Jain cosmology

The early Jain contemplated the nature of the earth and universe and developed a detailed hypothesis on the various aspects of astronomy and cosmology. According to the Jain texts, the universe is divided into 3 parts:

Urdhva Loka – the realms of the gods or heavens
Madhya Loka – the realms of the humans, animals and plants
Adho Loka – the realms of the hellish beings or the infernal regions

Sources

Berzin, Alexander (6 March 2008). Berzin Archives Glossary. Retrieved Sunday 13 July 2008 from "Berzin Archives" at http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/about/glossary/glossary_tibetan.html.
Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid, Franz-Karl Ehrhard, Michael S. Diener and Michael H. Kohn (trans.) (1991). The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen. Boston: Shambhala Publications. .
Monier-Williams, Monier (1899, 1964). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press. . Retrieved 2008-07-13 from "Cologne University" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf.
Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. Retrieved 2008-07-13 from "U. Chicago" at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
W. E. Soothill & L. Hodous (1937-2000). A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. .

External links

Bullitt, John T. (2005). The Thirty-one Planes of Existence. Retrieved 2007-04-30 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/sagga/loka.html.

Notes and References

Monier-Williams (1899), p. 460, col. 1, entry for "[Tri-]loka" (retrieved at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0460-trimala.pdf) and p. 462, col. 2, entry for "Trailoya" (retrieved at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0462-tripu.pdf).
Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 301, entry for "Ti-" (retrieved at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.1:129.pali). Here, tiloka is compared with tebhūmaka ("three planes").
Fischer-Schreiber et al. (1991), p. 230, entry for "Triloka". Here, synonyms for triloka include trailokya and traidhātuka.
[Alexander Berzin (scholar)|Berzin]
Web site: www.wisdomlib.org . 2017-11-18 . Trailokya: 19 definitions . 2022-08-18 . www.wisdomlib.org . en.
Book: Maruvada, Surya N. . Who is Who in Hindu Mythology - VOL 2: A Comprehensive Collection of Stories from the Pur??as . 2020-03-02 . Notion Press . 978-1-64805-686-4 . en.
Web site: www.wisdomlib.org . 2019-06-20 . Vaivasvata Manvantara: the Mārīca creation [Chapter 38] ]. 2022-08-18 . www.wisdomlib.org . en.
Web site: www.wisdomlib.org . 2008-09-27 . Triloka, Tri-loka: 12 definitions . 2022-08-18 . www.wisdomlib.org . en.
Web site: www.wisdomlib.org . 2019-01-28 . Story of Vāmana . 2022-08-18 . www.wisdomlib.org . en.