Tourism in Japan explained

Tourism in Japan is a major industry and contributor to the Japanese economy. Foreigners visit Japan to see natural wonders, cities, historic landmarks, and entertainment venues. Japanese people seek similar attractions, as well as recreation and vacation areas. In 2019, Japan attracted 31.88 million international tourists.^[1] Japan welcomed 2.78 million visitor arrivals in February 2024, surpassing 2019 levels.^[2]

Japan has 21 World Heritage Sites, including Himeji Castle, Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto and Nara. Popular attractions for foreigners include Tokyo and Osaka, Mount Fuji, Kyoto, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, ski resorts such as Niseko in Hokkaido, Okinawa, riding the Shinkansen and taking advantage of Japan's hotel and hotspring network.

The 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report ranked Japan 4th out of 141 countries overall, which was the highest in Asia. Japan gained relatively high scores in almost all of the featured aspects, such as health and hygiene, safety and security, cultural resources and business travel.^[3] In the 2021 edition of the report, now called Travel and Tourism Development Index, Japan reached the 1st place.^[4]

History

The origins of early traditions of visits to picturesque sites are unclear, but an early sight-seeing excursion was Matsuo Bashō's 1689 trip to the then "far north" of Japan, which occurred not long after Hayashi Razan categorized the Three Views of Japan in 1643. During the Edo era of Japan, from around 1600 to the Meiji Restoration in 1867, travel was regulated within the country through the use of shukuba or post stations, towns where travelers had to present appropriate documentation. Despite these restrictions, porter stations and horse stables, as well as places for lodging and food were available on well-traveled routes. During this time, Japan was a closed country to foreigners, so no foreign tourism existed in Japan.

Following the Meiji Restoration and the building of a national railroad network, tourism became more of an affordable prospect for domestic citizens and visitors from foreign countries could enter Japan legally. As early as 1887, government officials recognized the need for an organized system of attracting foreign tourists; the, which aimed to coordinate the players in tourism, was established that year with Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi's blessing. Its early leaders included Shibusawa Eiichi and Ekida Takashi. Another major milestone in the development of the tourism industry in Japan was the 1907 passage of the Hotel Development Law, as a result of which the Railways Ministry began to construct publicly owned hotels throughout Japan.^[5]

For much of post-war period, Japan has been an exceptionally unattractive tourist destination for its population and GDP size. According to the IMF, WTO, and OECD, from 1995 to 2014, it was by far the least visited country.^[6] As of 2013, Japan was one of the least visited countries in the OECD on a per capita basis.^[7] Within six years however, the number of international visitors has more than tripled, reaching a peak of 31.9 million visitors in 2019.^[8]

Current status

Domestic tourism remains a vital part of Japanese economy and Japanese culture. Across the nation, Japanese children in many middle schools see the highlight of their years as a visit to Tokyo Tower, Yomiuriland, Tokyo Disneyland, Sensō-ji, and/or Tokyo Skytree, and many high school students often visit Okinawa or Hokkaido. The extensive rail network together with domestic flights sometimes in planes with modifications to favor the relatively short distances involved in intra-Japan travel allows efficient and speedy transport. International tourism plays a smaller role in the Japanese economy compared to other developed countries; in 2013, international tourist receipts was 0.3% of Japan's GDP, while the corresponding figure was 1.3% for the United States and 2.3% for France. In 2019, the value was up to 1.0% of GDP, driven by an increase in international tourism, while the country's GDP has remained stable.^{[9] [10]}

Tourists from South Korea have made up the largest number of inbound tourists several times in the past. In 2010, their 2.4 million arrivals made up 27% of the tourists visiting Japan.^[11]

Travelers from China have been the highest spenders in Japan by country, spending an estimated 196.4 billion yen (US$2.4 billion) in 2011, or almost a quarter of total expenditure by foreign visitors, according to data from the Japan Tourism Agency.^[12]

From 2016 to 2020, Japanese government hoped to receive 40 million foreign tourists every year by 2020.^[13] According to the Japan National Tourism Organization in 2017, 3 out of 4 foreign tourists came from other parts of East Asia, namely South Korea, mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.^[14]

Japanese film, TV, video game, and manga/anime industries, who lead a role in driving tourism to Japan. In surveys held by Statista between 2019 and 2020, 24.2% of tourists from the United States, said they were motivated to visit Japan because of Japanese popular culture.^[15]

Overtourism

Following the easing of COVID-19-era travel restrictions, 2024 is on track to be a record-breaking year for the number of overseas tourists.^[16] This tourism boom can be attributed in part to the weakening Japanese yen. The unprecedented number of foreign tourists has led to claims that some parts of Japan are suffering from overtourism.^[17]

In response to this surge, officials in some parts of Japan have introduced measures to counter its negative effects. For example, Yamanashi Prefecture has set a cap of daily climbers of Mount Fuji at 4,000 people and began charging an entrance fee of ¥2,000. Also in Yamanashi Prefecture, a mesh barrier was set up to block a view of Mount Fuji behind a Lawson convenience store in Fujikawaguchiko due to tourist-caused disturbances in the area.^[18]

As of 2024, some Japanese officials have considered instituting a two-tiered pricing system which would have foreign tourists pay more than residents at certain tourist attractions in order to counter the effects of overtourism.^{[19] [20]}

Contribution to the national crises

Following the triple meltdown of Fukushima nuclear reactors in Fukushima Prefecture caused by the earthquake and tsunami, the number of foreign visitors to Japan declined for the first time since 2009. In September 2011, some 539,000 foreign tourisms visited Japan, 25 percent down compared with the same month in 2010. This decline was largely attributed to the natural disasters including Fukushima nuclear accident; also the stronger yen made a visit to Japan more expensive. In October 2011, the Japan Tourism Agency announced a plan to give 10,000 round-trip air tickets to Japan to encourage visitors to come and to boost tourism. However, on December 26, 2011, the Agency reported on their site that the "Fly to Japan! Project", which would have given out 10,000 round-trip tickets to Japan, had not been approved by the government for fiscal year 2012.^[21]

By 2012, free tickets would be offered if the winners would write online about their experiences in Japan. They also would need to answer some questions about how they felt while visiting Japan after the triple disaster and how interest in tourism in Japan could be renewed. About US$15 million would be spent on this program.^{[22] [23]} International tourism inflows in Japan had recovered to pre-2011 levels.^[24]

In early 2020, Japan received only 4.1 million foreign tourists, as many countries tightened travel restrictions due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. This was the first time visitor statistics had fallen since the Great Recession in 2008.^[25] In January and September 2021, tourism in Japan had also further dipped to 245,862 foreign visitors, which was a 88% decrease as compared to 2020. In October 2021, as the country lifted the fourth state of emergency up and ahead of the endemic phase, the Japanese government announced that many domestic visitors would be only resumed and waived from the pandemic, in a move to reopen domestic travel with the introduction of vaccinated travel lanes.

In late November 2021, amid the spread of a highly transmissible COVID-19 Omicron variant, many countries including Japan tightened travel restrictions, with some governments banning travel completely to curb transmission.

In September 2022, the Japanese government announced that visa requirements from some countries would be waived from October 2022, in a move to reopen international travel after the pandemic border restrictions.^{[26] [27]} Prior to the pandemic, Japan did not require tourist visas for 68 countries and regions.

Tourism statistics

These are the top 35 nationalities that visited Japan from 2017 to 2024.^[28]

Country/Territory	Total
	4/2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
	2,999,962	6,958,494	1,012,751	18,947	694,476	5,584,597	7,538,952	7,140,200
	1,938,702	4,202,434	331,097	5,016	487,939	4,890,602	4,757,258	4,564,100
	1,861,687	2,425,157	189,125	42,239	1,069,256	9,594,394	8,380,034	7,355,800
	808,017	2,114,402	269,285	1,252	346,020	2,290,792	2,207,804	2,231,500
	799,549	2,045,854	323,513	20,026	219,307	2,187,557	1,939,719	1,756,732
	466,298	995,558	198,037	2,758	219,830	1,318,977	1,132,160	987,100
	333,698	613,062	88,648	3,265	143,508	621,771	552,440	496,100
	269,313	622,293	126,842	5,625	109,110	613,114	503,976	424,200
	233,865	573,916	284,113	26,586	152,559	495,051	389,004	308,900
	180,193	415,712	74,095	1,831	76,573	501,592	468,360	439,500
	179,496	429,382	119,723	5,209	77,724	412,779	396,852	352,200
	178,426	591,267	131,969	857	55,273	492,252	437,280	404,100
	175,464	425,874	55,877	3,536	53,365	375,262	330,600	305,591
	150,543	321,482	57,496	7,294	51,024	424,279	333,979	310,499
	123,016	277,436	52,782	7,024	43,102	336,333	304,896	268,605
	108,846	233,410	45,748	5,197	29,785	236,544	215,336	195,606
	72,941	166,394	54,314	8,831	26,931	175,896	154,029	134,371
	63,683	152,305	23,683	3,527	13,691	162,769	150,060	125,864
	41,747	94,684	9,152	1,124	9,528	71,745	68,448	63,440
	39,611	115,873	15,926	3,053	11,741	130,243	118,901	99,814
	37,596	78,978	12,107	1,404	16,070	94,115	73,208	64,873
	37,196	83,302	75,200	11,648	17,191	51,577	44,297	39,950
	29,149	74,486	12,064	1,860	8,481	79,479	72,069	63,041
	29,046	74,252	1,359	54	12,234	121,197	108,694	115,304
	27,476	41,965	10,324	3,723	22,260	120,043	94,810	77,251
	27,213	50,570	9,436	2,731	6,888	47,575	44,201	42,207
	24,915	45,815	22,763	1,531	10,884	30,977	24,418	22,915
	24,032	53,395	8,917	1,387	6,036	53,908	52,099	47,154
	18,703	40,634	5,745	1,350	3,996	38,534	34,706	28,727
	18,473	31,198	7,129	1,161	2,886	22,724	19,762	19,123
	17,504	39,916	19,267	1,685	7,118	31,513	27,647	23,365
	16,889	45,143	7,673	619	2,315	44,214	39,193	32,758
	16,449	36,742	21,536	3,127	8,918	28,380	27,789	27,904
	16,355	39,245	7,900	1,112	7,622	53,836	53,822	50,805
	13,453	34,352	6,611	1,122	4,074	39,245	34,387	32,054
	12,849	30,780	5,403	794	4,780	32,893	29,163	25,235
	11,491	27,812	3,176	728	3,179	32,349	26,506	23,442
	11,089	26,360	5,025	888	3,605	27,530	24,187	21,035
	10,952	27,067	13,618	784	7,420	28,492	21,696	17,857
	10,918	22,985	4,458	820	3,270	39,387	20,319	18,591
	9,772	21,541	3,736	557	3,620	24,838	22,569	20,786
	8,412	21,404	4,608	736	4,859	29,437	27,116	25,310
	8,085	15,316	2,376	552	1,409	14,837	12,250	10,390
	7,854	21,132	11,423	4,284	6,145	17,208	15,802	13,729
	7,645	19,559	11,981	1,789	4,444	15,174	13,971	12,878
	7,361	13,808	1,902	276	3,381	13,370	14,089	11,027
	7,221	13,177	2,198	798	4,220	23,805	23,692	18,610
	5,511	13,958	2,487	753	1,679	14,356	12,255	11,114
	4,937	11,316	2,511	1,034	1,302	12,696	10,440	9,148
	4,922	9,969	1,869	744	1,091	9,494	7,968	6,703
	4,263	9,598	1,495	476	1,098	11,745	9,966	8,795
	4,028	10,270	2,705	203	770	8,891	7,782	7,106
	3,849	12,380	2,403	1,039	11,152	7,403	7,554	7,587
	3,679	7,145	2,152	746	720	5,252	5,161	6,457
	3,607	6,360	1,024	338	627	6,324	5,106	4,529
	3,565	9,357	2,561	838	1,623	19,543	9,793	9,057
	3,476	8,571	1,511	601	890	5,431	4,391	4,125
	3,084	6,749	3,795	1,070	1,466	10,176	8,458	7,094
	2,892	6,359	1,804	150	1,169	6,154	5,987	5,398
	2,742	8,075	5157	1,567	1,290	5,243	5,530	4,380
	2,727	6,226	1,286	272	672	5,260	4,498	4,177
	2,434	6,292	1,159	23	742	4,866	3,626	3,699
	2,112	5,195	1,196	254	1,191	6,022	5,048	4,549
	1,802	4,816	2,223	1,187	1,294	6,345	4,942	4,283
Total (all countries)	11,601,486	25,066,350	3,832,110	245,862	4,115,828	31,882,049	31,191,856	28,690,900

Major tourist destinations

Hokkaido

• Niseko Ski Resort
• Shiretoko Peninsula (WHS)
• Teshikaga – Lake Mashū, Lake Kussharo
• Tōya Caldera and Mount Usu Geopark
• Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group
• Hakodate
• Otaru

Tōhoku region

• Shirakami-Sanchi (WHS)
• Mount Osore
• Lake Towada
• Hirosaki – Hirosaki Castle, Nakacho Samurai District
• Hiraizumi – Chūson-ji, Mōtsū-ji, Kanjizaiō-in, Takkoku-no-Iwaya
• Semboku – Kakunodate Samurai District, Lake Tazawa, Nyūtō Onsen
• Yamagata – Yama-dera Temple, Zaō Onsen
• Matsushima

Kantō region

• Nikkō – Shrines and Temples of Nikkō (WHS), Kegon Falls, Lake Chūzenji, Cedar Avenue of Nikko
• Tomioka Silk Mill (WHS)
• Kinugawa Onsen – Edo Wonderland Nikko Edomura, Tobu World Square
• Utsunomiya – Oya stone museum, Utsunomiya Futarayama Shrine
• Ashikaga, Tochigi – Ashikaga Gakkō,
• Tokyo – Imperial Palace, Asakusa, Akihabara, Ginza, Harajuku/Omotesandō, Nakano Broadway, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Tsukiji Fish Market, Ueno Park, Fujiko F. Fujio Museum, Studio Ghibli Museum
• Tokyo Disney Resort
• Kamakura – Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū, Kōtoku-in, Kenchō-ji, Engaku-ji, Meigetsu-in, Hase-dera
• Kusatsu Onsen
• Hakone Onsen

Chūbu region

• Mount Fuji
• Japanese Alps – Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route(Mount Tate), Hida Mountains, Kiso Mountains, Akaishi Mountains
• Kurobe Gorge Railway
• Shiga Kōgen
• Matsumoto – Matsumoto Castle, Mount Hotaka, Kamikōchi
• Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama (WHS)
• Takayama – Sanmachi Traditional Street, Ōshinmachi Traditional Street, Higashiyama Temple Area
• Kanazawa – Kenroku-en Garden, Kanazawa Castle, Higashi Geisha District, Nagamachi Samurai District
• Sakai – Tōjinbō, Maruoka Castle
• Nagoya – Nagoya Castle, Atsuta Shrine, Sakae, Nagoya Station (Meieki), Ōsu Kannon temple

Kansai region

• Kyoto – Kinkaku-ji, Ginkaku-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, Ryōan-ji, Sanjūsangen-dō, etc., they are parts of Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (WHS)
• Uji – Byōdō-in and Ujigami Shrine (WHS), Relation of The Tale of Genji
• Ōtsu – Lake Biwa, Hiyoshi Taisha, Sakamoto Temple District, Mount Hiei, Enryaku-ji (WHS)
• Ōmihachiman – Traditional Riverside District
• Nara – Tōdai-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Yakushi-ji, Heijō Palace, Kasuga-taisha and Nara Park, etc. They are parts of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (WHS).
• Ikaruga – Hōryū-ji and Hōki-ji are Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area (WHS).
• Yoshino (Mount Yoshino) – Kimpusen-ji, Yoshimizu Shrine, Yoshino Mikumari Shrine, etc. They are parts of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (WHS).
• Shingū – Kumano Hayatama Taisha and Kumano River (WHS)
• Nachikatsuura – Nachi Falls, Kumano Kodō, etc., they are parts of Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (WHS)
• Mount Kōya – Kongōbu-ji (WHS)
• Osaka – Osaka Castle, Umeda, Namba, Dōtonbori, Shinsaibashi, Shinsekai, Shitennō-ji, Sumiyoshi-taisha, Universal Studios Japan, Kaiyukan, Rinku Town, Den-Den Town, Expo Commemoration Park, Kamagasaki^[29]
• Himeji – Engyō-ji, Koko-en Garden, and Himeji Castle (WHS)
• Kobe – Port of Kobe, Rokkō Mountains, Kitano-chō, Arima Onsen, Kobe Luminarie
• San'in Kaigan Geopark – Toyooka, Izushi, Kinosaki Onsen, Yumura Onsen

Chūgoku region

• Hiroshima Prefecture – Itsukushima Shrine (WHS), Onomichi, Tomonoura
• Okayama Prefecture – Kurashiki, Kōrakuen Garden, Okayama Castle
• Tottori Prefecture – Tottori Sand Dunes, Mount Daisen, Mount Hyōno, San'in Kaigan Geopark
• Shimane Prefecture – Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine (WHS), Izumo-taisha, Matsue Castle, Oki Islands, Tsuwano
• Yamaguchi Prefecture – Hagi

Shikoku

• Shikoku Pilgrimage (Zentsū-ji, Motoyama-ji, etc.)
• Ehime Prefecture – Dōgo Onsen, Matsuyama Castle
• Kagawa Prefecture – Kotohira-gū Shrine, Ritsurin Garden, Shōdo Island, Naoshima Island
• Tokushima Prefecture – Naruto whirlpools, Awa Dance Festival in Tokushima
• Kōchi Prefecture – Kōchi Castle, Cape Muroto (Muroto Geopark), Cape Ashizuri

Kyushu and Okinawa

• Fukuoka Prefecture – Mojiko Retro Town, Kokura Castle, Dazaifu Tenman-gū, Remains of Dazaifu (government)
• Ōita Prefecture – Many types of hot springs in Beppu, Ōita or Yufuin, Ōita, Usa jingū, stone bridges, small stonehenge on the top of Komekamiyama (mountain), Hello Kitty Harmonyland
• Nagasaki Prefecture – Ōura Church, Higashi-Yamate, Minami-Yamate including the Glover Garden, Huis Ten Bosch (theme park), Hidden Christian Sites (WHS)
• Kagoshima Prefecture – Yakushima (WHS), Sakurajima, Amami Ōshima
• Miyazaki Prefecture – Kirishima-Yaku National Park, Takachiho, Old Exculibur on the top of Takachiho-kyo mountain, Nichinan, Miyazaki,　Chambered barrows of Saitobaru kofungun, Heiwadai Park
• Kumamoto Prefecture – Kumamoto Castle,　Mount Aso
• Saga Prefecture – Pre-400 BC Yayoi archaeological site in Yoshinogari site
• Okinawa Prefecture – Shuri Castle, Nakagusuku Castle, Nakijin Castle, etc. They are parts of the Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu. (WHS), Ishigaki Island, Miyako Island, Iriomote Island, Traditional Ryukyuan Houses in Taketomi Island

See also

• Groups of Traditional Buildings
• Japanese museums
• List of National Geoparks in Japan
• List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
• World Heritage Sites in Japan
• List of museums in Japan
• National Treasures of Japan
• Omiyage
• Ryokan (Japanese inn)
• Visa policy of Japan

References

• Travel with Smile. Best Places to Travel in Japan

Further reading

• Graburn, Nelson HH. "The past in the present in Japan: nostalgia and neo-traditionalism in contemporary Japanese domestic tourism." in Change in tourism: people, places, processes (1995): 47–70.
• Henderson, Joan Catherine. "Destination development: Trends in Japan's inbound tourism." International Journal of Tourism Research 19.1 (2017): 89–98. online
• Ishimori, Shûzô. "Popularization and commercialization of tourism in early modern Japan." Senri Ethnological Studies 26 (1989): 179–194. online
• Jimura, Takamitsu. Cultural heritage and tourism in Japan (Routledge, 2021) online.
• McOmie, William, ed. Foreign Images and Experiences of Japan: 1: First Century AD-1841. (Brill, 2021). online
• March, Roger. "How Japan solicited the West: the first hundred years of modern Japanese tourism." in CAUTHE 2007: Tourism-Past Achievements, Future Challenges (2007): 843–52. online
• Robertson, Jennifer. "Hegemonic nostalgia, tourism, and nation-making in Japan." Senri ethnological studies 38 (1995): 89–103. online
• Soshiroda, Akira. "Inbound tourism policies in Japan from 1859 to 2003." Annals of Tourism Research 32.4 (2005): 1100–1120.
• Takeuchi, Keiichi. "Some remarks on the geography of tourism in Japan." GeoJournal (1984): 85–90. online
• Tokuhisa, Tamao. "Tourism within, from and to Japan." International Social Science Journal 32.1 (1980): 128–150.
• Uzama, Austin. "Yokoso! Japan: Classifying foreign tourists to Japan for market segmentation." Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 21.2 (2012): 132–154.
• Yanagi, Miyuki. "Reconsideration of Japan's tourism innovation characteristics." Geographical Research Bulletin 2 (2023): 29–38. online
• Yasuda, Hiroko. "World heritage and cultural tourism in Japan." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 4.4 (2010): 366–375.

External links

• Japan National Tourist Organization
  • JapanTourist Travel Articles Database
• 2018 Foreign Visitors & Japanese Departures

Notes and References

1. Web site: International tourism, number of arrivals - Japan | Data .
2. Web site: Loh . Matthew . Jimmy Kimmel says his trip to Japan last week made him realize that the US is a 'filthy and disgusting country' . Business Insider . April 3, 2024.
3. Web site: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 . World Economic Forum . April 2017.
4. Web site: Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021 - Rebuilding for a Sustainable and Resilient Future . May 2022 . World Economic Forum . January 19, 2024.
5. Book: Leheny, David Richard. The Rules of Play: National Identity and the Shaping of Japanese Leisure. 59. Cornell University Press. 2003. 0-8014-4091-2. registration.
6. Web site: International tourism, number of arrivals - United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada Data. data.worldbank.org. 2020-03-16.
7. Web site: The Countries Where You're Surrounded By Tourists. Silver. Nate. 2014-08-18. FiveThirtyEight. en-US. 2020-03-16.
8. Web site: 2023 Visitor Arrivals & Japanese Overseas Travelers(Compared to 2019) . Japan National Tourism Organization . 17 January 2024. 19 January 2024.
9. Web site: International tourism, receipts (current US$) Data. data.worldbank.org. January 19, 2024.
10. Web site: GDP (current US$) Data. data.worldbank.org. January 19, 2024.
11. News: Dickie. Mure. Tourists flock to Japan despite China spat. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210221236/https://www.ft.com/content/6a76579a-2945-11e0-ab2f-00144feab49a. December 10, 2022. subscription. live. March 16, 2012. Financial Times. January 26, 2011.
12. Web site: Tokyu Group in steadfast pursuit of Chinese tourists. TTGmice. April 18, 2013.
13. Web site: Japan to offer 10-year multi-entry visas for Chinese as part of tourism push . . May 17, 2016 . May 17, 2016 . Bhattacharjya, Samhati.
14. Web site: Japan Tourism Agency aims to draw more Western tourists amid boom in Asian visitors . February 6, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107231243/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/02/06/national/japan-tourism-agency-aims-draw-western-tourists-amid-boom-asian-visitors/ . January 7, 2019. Japan National Tourism Organization.
15. Web site: Anime industry in Japan - statistics and facts. Statista. 26 February 2021.
16. Web site: 2024-05-15 . Japan visitors exceed 3 million for second straight month, tourism agency says . 2024-07-11 . The Japan Times . en.
17. Web site: Inoue . Yukana . 2024-06-30 . Mount Fuji begins charging entrance fees as overtourism prevention measure . 2024-07-11 . The Japan Times . en.
18. Web site: Gardin . Caroline . 2024-05-21 . Weary of overtourism, Japan town blocks one popular view of Mount Fuji . 2024-07-11 . The Japan Times . en.
19. News: 2024-06-19 . Japan’s Flood of Tourists Prompts Call to Charge Foreigners More . 2024-07-11 . Bloomberg.com . en.
20. Web site: In Japan, higher prices for foreign visitors come with caveats . 2024-07-11 . Nikkei Asia . en-GB.
21. Web site: Japan Tourism Agency . "Fly to Japan! Project"(10,000 FREE FLIGHTS TO FOREIGNERS) | Japan Tourism Agency . December 26, 2011 . March 16, 2012 . September 30, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170930112356/http://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/en/page08_000020.html . dead .
22. NHK-world (October 21, 2011) Japan to give away air tickets to 10,000 visitors
23. JAIF (October 22, 2011)Earthquake report 242: Japan to give away air tickets to 10,000 visitors
24. Web site: International tourism, number of arrivals - Japan Data. 2021-01-20. data.worldbank.org.
25. Web site: NEWS. KYODO. Foreign visitors to Japan in 2020 plunge 87.1%, biggest since 1964. 2021-01-20. Kyodo News+.
26. Web site: Japan to waive tourist visa requirements as part of border easing: Report . 2022-09-12 . CNA . en.
27. Web site: Japan to waive tourist visa requirements as part of border easing: Report . 2022-09-12 . Japan to waive tourist visa requirements as part of border easing: Report - 'Channel News Asia' News SendStory Singapore . en.
28. Web site: 2017年推計値 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160508231752/http://www.jnto.go.jp/jpn/news/data_info_listing/pdf/160420_monthly.pdf . 2016-05-08 . Japan National Tourism Organization.
29. Web site: Overseas tourists are changing the face of Japan. Nikkei Asian Review.