Tourism in Germany explained

Germany is the eighth-most-visited country in the world,[1] [2] with a total of 407.26 million overnights during 2012.[3] This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see table). Additionally, more than 30% of Germans spend their holiday in their own country. According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germany is ranked 3 out of 136 countries in the 2017 report, and is rated as one of the safest travel destinations worldwide.

In 2012, over 30.4 million international tourists arrived in Germany, bringing over US$38 billion in international tourism receipts to the country.[4] Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over EUR43.2 billion to the German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry contributes 4.5% of German GDP and supports 2 million jobs (4.8% of total employment).[5] The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair.[6]

According to surveys, the top three reasons for tourists to come to Germany are the German culture, outdoor activities, German holidays and festivities, the countryside and rural areas, and the German cities.

History

The history of tourism in Germany goes back to cities and landscapes being visited for education and recreation. From the late 18th century onwards, cities like Dresden, Munich, Weimar and Berlin were major stops on a European Grand tour.

Spas and Seaside resorts on the North and Baltic Sea (e.g. Rugia and Usedom islands, Heiligendamm, the islands Norderney and Sylt) particularly developed during the 19th and early 20th century, when major train routes were built to connect the seaside spas to urban centers. An extensive bathing and recreation industry materialized in Germany around 1900. At rivers and close to natural landscapes (along the Middle Rhine valley and in Saxon Switzerland for example) many health spas, hotels and recreational facilities were established since the 19th century.

Since the end of World War II tourism has expanded greatly, as many tourists visit Germany to experience a sense of European history and the diverse German landscape. The country features 14 national parks, including the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park, the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park. In addition, there are 14 Biosphere Reserves, as well as 98 nature parks.

The countryside has a pastoral aura, while the bigger cities exhibit both a modern and classical feel. Small and medium-sized cities often preserved their historical appearance and have old towns with remarkable architectural heritage – these are called Altstadt in German.

Statistics

The table below shows the distribution of national and international visitor nights spent in each of the sixteen states of Germany in 2017.

Germany overall had 178.23 million visitor nights in 2017, of which 37.45 million were of foreign guests (21.01 percent). With 94.3 million nights spent in hotels, hostels or clinics, Bavaria has the most visitors. With 18.472 nights per 1.000 inhabitants, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has the highest density of tourists per population (German median: 5.568 nights per 1.000 people).[7]

valign=top
valign=bottom; style="text-align:left; font-size:85%" Statevalign=bottom; style="font-size:85%" Nr. of nights
in 2017
in million
valign=bottom; style="font-size:85%" of whom
foreign visitors
in million
valign=bottom; style="font-size:85%" nights per
1.000
inhabitants
Germany 178,2337,455,568
52,9311,394,833
Bavaria94,3619,127,298
31,1513,988,714
13,090,9625,247
2,440,493,607
13,823,447,635
34,17,675,489
29,751,018,472
43,493,735,474
51,5111,002,879
22,225,245,466
3,080,463,099
Saxony19,512,054,781
8,130,633,638
29,892,0110,372
9,920,624,600

Most visitors arriving to Germany on short-term basis are from the following countries of nationality:[8] [9]

RankCountry20142016
14,237,865 4,477,100
22,778,455 3,115,456
3 2,371,086 2,558,495
42,415,477 2,551,061
51,725,259 1,818,872
6 1,617,901 1,725,854
7 1,642,443 1,651,933
8 1,466,561 1,592,500
9 1,310,693 1,424,482
10 1,256,800 1,363,979
Total international arrivals32,999,298 35,555,391

Surveys

The official body for tourism in Germany is the German National Tourist Board (GNTB), represented worldwide by National Tourist Offices in 29 countries. Surveys by the GNTB include perceptions and reasons for holidaying in Germany, which are as follows: culture (75%), outdoors/countryside (59%), cities (59%), cleanliness (47%), security (41%), modernity (36%), good hotels (35%), good gastronomy/cuisine (34%), good accessibility (30%), cosmopolitanism/hospitality (27%), good shopping opportunities (21%), exciting nightlife (17%) and good price/performance ratio (10%) (multiple answers were possible).

Countryside

Health

See also: List of spa towns in Germany and List of seaside resorts in Germany. About 242 million nights, or two-thirds of all nights spent in hotels in Germany, are spent in spa towns.[10] Germany is well known for health tourism, with many of the numerous spa towns having been established at a hot spring, offering convalescence (German: Kur) or preventive care by means of mineral water and/or other spa treatment. Spa towns and seaside resorts carry official designations such as Mineral and mud spas (Mineral- und Moorbäder), Healthy climate resorts (Heilklimatische Kurorte), Kneipp cure resorts (Kneippkurorte = water therapy resorts), Seaside resorts (Seebäder), Climatic resorts (Luftkurorte), and Recreation resorts (Erholungsorte). The largest and most well known resorts also have casinos, most notably at Bad Wiessee, Baden-Baden (Kurhaus), Wiesbaden (Kurhaus), Aachen, Travemünde and Westerland (Kurhaus).

Regions

See also: Geography of Germany and List of national parks in Germany. The most visited tourist regions in Germany are the East Frisian and North Frisian Islands, the Baltic Sea coasts of Holstein, Mecklenburg and Vorpommern, the Rhine Valley, the Bavarian and Black Forest, and the Bavarian Alps.

The table below shows the five most visited rural districts in 2008:[11]

valign=bottom; style="text-align:left" rankvalign=bottom districtvalign=bottom
  1. of nights in 2008
1Nordfriesland6.96 million
25.57 million
3 5.29 million
4 5.27 million
5 4.41 million

Other popular regions include

Theme routes

Since the 1930s, local and regional governments have set up various theme routes, to help visitors get to know a specific region and its cultural or scenic qualities. The table below shows some of the most prominent theme routes. Other popular German theme routes include parts of the European Route of Brick Gothic and European Route of Industrial Heritage, the Harz-Heide Road, Bertha Benz Memorial Route and Bergstrasse.

List of theme routes (incomplete)! Route! Established! Theme! Length
German Wine Road (Deutsche Weinstraße)1935Palatinate wine route85 km
German Avenue Road (Deutsche Alleenstraße)1993Tree-sided avenues and lush countrysides2900 km
Romantic Road (Romantische Straße)1950366 km
Black Forest High Road (Schwarzwaldhochstraße)1952Black Forest60 km
Castle Road (Burgenstraße)19541,000 km
Road of Weser Renaissance (Straße der Weserrenaissance)350 km
Romanesque Road (Straße der Romanik)1993Romanesque architecture1,195 km
German Ferries Route2004Fords, ferries, bridges and tunnels250 km
German Timber-Frame Road1990Timber framing (Fachwerk) 3,000 km
German Clock Road (Deutsche Uhrenstrasse)Cuckoo clock Manufacturers, clock-face paintings workshops,
museums, Black Forest and Baar villages, landscapes
320 km
Industrial Heritage Trail (Route der Industriekultur)400 km
German Fairy Tale Route (Deutsche Märchenstraße)Fairy tales and legends of the Brothers Grimm 600 km

Winter sport

See also: List of ski resorts in the German Alps and List of ski resorts in the German Central Uplands.

The main winter sport regions in Germany are the Bavarian Alps and Northern Limestone Alps, as well as the Ore Mountains, Harz Mountains, Fichtel Mountains and Bavarian Forest within the Central Uplands. First class winter sport infrastructure is available for alpine skiing and snowboarding, bobsledding and cross-country skiing.

In most regions, winter sports are limited to the winter months November to February. During the Advent season, many German towns and cities host Christmas markets.

Cities

See also: Metropolitan regions in Germany.

In terms of numbers of overnight stays, travel to the twelve largest cities in Germany more than doubled between 1995 and 2005, the largest increase of any travel destination.[12] This increase mainly arises from growth of cultural tourism, often in conjunction with educational or business travel. Consequently, the provision and supply of more and higher standards of cultural, entertainment, hospitality, gastronomic, and retail services also attract more international guests.

The table below shows the ten most visited cities in Germany in 2012. Other cities and towns with over 1 million nights per year are Rostock, Hannover, Bremen, Cuxhaven, Bonn, Freiburg, Münster, Lübeck, Wiesbaden, Essen and Regensburg.

Berlin

See also: List of sights in Berlin.

Berlin has a yearly total of about 135 million day visitors, which puts it in third place among the most-visited city destinations in the European Union. Berlin had 781 hotels with over 125,000 beds in June 2012.[13] The city recorded 20.8 million overnight hotel stays and 9.1 million hotel guests in 2010.[14] In the first half of 2012, there was an increase of over 10% compared to the same period the year before.[13]

Hamburg

See also: List of museums and cultural institutions in Hamburg.

In 2007, more than 3,985,105 visitors with 7,402,423 overnight stays visited the city. The tourism sector employs more than 175,000 people full-time and brings in revenue of €9.3 billion, making the tourism industry a major economic force in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Hamburg has one of the fastest-growing tourism industries in Germany. From 2001 to 2007, the overnight stays in the city increased by 55.2% (Berlin +52.7%, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania +33%).

A typical Hamburg visit includes a tour of the city hall and the grand church St. Michaelis (called the Michel), and visiting the old warehouse district (Speicherstadt) and the harbour promenade (Landungsbrücken). Sightseeing buses connect these points of interest. As Hamburg is one of the world's largest harbours many visitors take one of the harbour and/or canal boat tours (Große Hafenrundfahrt, Fleetfahrt) which start from the Landungsbrücken. Major destinations also include museums.

The area of Reeperbahn in the quarter St. Pauli is Europe's largest red light district and home of strip clubs, brothels, bars and nightclubs. The Beatles had stints on the Reeperbahn early in their careers. Others prefer the laid-back neighbourhood Schanze with its street cafés, or a barbecue on one of the beaches along the river Elbe. Hamburg's famous zoo, the Tierpark Hagenbeck, was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures.[15]

Events

The table below shows some of the largest annually recurring events in Germany:


Type
valign=bottom Event valign=bottom Locationvalign=bottom Seasonvalign=bottom
  1. of visitors
valign=bottom Notes
VolksfestOktoberfestMunichSeptember/October6.0 million
VolksfestCannstatter VolksfestStuttgartSeptember/October4.2 millionlocally called "Cannstatter Wasen"
DüsseldorfJuly/August4.0 million
Sailing regattaKiellast week of June (ending the last Sunday in June)3.5 millionLargest sailing event of the world, one of the largest "Volksfeste" in Germany
VolksfestNurembergApril2.3 million[16] locally called "Frühlingsfest"
VolksfestNurembergAugust/September2.0 million[17] locally called "Herbstfest"
VolksfestLiboriPaderbornEnd of July1.7 million9 days, one of the biggest and oldest city center fests
Techno music festivalLove ParadevariesJune/July1.6 millioncanceled following the Love Parade disaster in 2010
Carnival paradeCologneFebruary1.5 millionnumber of visitors for Rosenmontagszug
CologneJune/July1.2 million
Maritime festivalRostock2nd weekend of August1.1 millionone of Europe's biggest events for sailors
Rock music festivalBochum TotalBochumJune/July/August1.0 million
Anniversary Port of Hamburg birthdayHamburg7 May1.0 million
CologneJuly1.0 million
contemporary art exhibitiondocumenta Kassel Kassel0.9 milliononly held once every 5 years
Rock music festivalRock am Ring and Rock im ParkNürburgring & NurembergMay/June0.8 million
Bad Dürkheim2nd—3rd weekend
in September
0.6 million
Film festival Berlinale (Berlin International Film Festival) BerlinFebruary0.5 millionFilm festival
Rhine river fireworksBonnMay0.5 million
Classical musicSchleswig-Holstein Musik Festivalthroughout Schleswig-HolsteinJuly/August0.2 million
World Marathon MajorBerlinSeptember
nowrapcontemporary art exhibition DüsseldorfSeptember/Januaryonly held once every 4 years
Note: This list only includes the largest, annually recurring events in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

Trade fairs

Germany is home to several of the world's largest trade fairgrounds, and many of the international exhibitions are considered trend-setters or industry leaders. Thousands of national and international trade fairs, conventions and congresses are held in Germany annually. In 2008, 10.3 million people visited the 150 largest trade fairs alone. More than half of these visitors come from abroad, more than one third from countries outside Europe. The table below shows some of the most visited trade fairs.

valign=bottom Trade fair groundvalign=bottom Cityvalign=bottom Trade fairvalign=bottom Industryvalign=bottom
  1. of visitors[18] [19]
valign=bottom Notes
Messe FrankfurtnowrapFrankfurt, MainInternationale Automobilausstellung (IAA)motor shownowrap850,000 in 2009 held in Hanover every other year as a truck show
Frankfurt, Mainbooks 300,000 in 2008
201,000 in 2009biennial
MessegeländeHanoverCeBIT334,00087,000 foreign visitors
HanoverHannover Messe250,000 in 2011world's biggest industrial fair
Messe München 530,000 in 2013 triennial
Munich212,000 in 2009biennial
Messe Nürnberg214,209 in 2003 biennial
Nuremberg193,169 in 2001biennial
Messe BerlinInternational Green Week (IGW)425,000 9,000 foreign visitors
BerlinInternationale Funkausstellung (IFA)240,000 in 2012
Messe Düsseldorfprint media 390,000230,000 foreign visitors, quadrennial
267.00043,000 foreign visitors
Kunststoffmesse (K)plastics 242,000 in 2007 triennial
KoelnmesseGamescomvideo games345,000 in 2015 organised by Leipzig Trade Fair until 2008 as Games Convention
Note: This list only includes trade fairs with 250,000 visitors per year or more. This list may be incomplete.

Most visited

Protected areas

The table below shows the most visited protected areas in Germany.

Gallery

valign=bottom Rankvalign=bottom Protected areavalign=bottom Locationvalign=bottom Typevalign=bottom
  1. of visitors in 2002[20]
valign=bottom
  1. of visitors in 2008
1nowrapWestern Pomerania Lagoon Area National ParkMecklenburg-VorpommernnowrapNational park2.50 million3.00 million[21]
2Saxon Switzerland National ParkSaxonyNational park2.15 million2.90 million[22]
3Bavarian Forest National ParkBavariaNational park2.00 million
4Mecklenburg-VorpommernNational park2.00 million
5Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park 1Lower SaxonyNational park2.00 million
6Berchtesgaden National ParkBavariaNational park1.50 million
7Harz National ParknowrapLower Saxony, Saxony-AnhaltNational park1.50 million
8nowrapSchleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park1Schleswig-HolsteinNational park1.50 million
9Mainau IslandBaden-Württembergnowrapgarden island1.30 million

Landmarks

The German Tourism Association (Deutscher Tourismusverband) irregularly publishes statistics on the most visited landmarks. With an average of over 6 million visitors entering Cologne Cathedral per year, the cathedral is Germany's most visited landmark. Second and third places go to the Reichstag building in Berlin and the Hofbräuhaus in Munich. Other much visited architectural landmarks include the Drosselgasse in Rüdesheim (3.0m), the medieval old towns of Rothenburg ob der Tauber (2.5m), Regensburg (2.0m), Frauenkirche in Dresden (2.5m), Bad Münstereifel (2m), the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and the Holsten Gate in Lübeck 1.

valign=bottom Rankvalign=bottom Landmarkvalign=bottom Locationvalign=bottom Subjectvalign=bottom
  1. of visitors
1Cologne Cathedral 1CologneGothic Cathedral6.0 million[23] (2004)
2 Reichstag buildingBerlin Bundestag2.70 million[24] (2006)
3 HofbräuhausMunich Brewery1.80 million[25]
4 HeidelbergRenaissance architecture
5 SchwangauBavarian King Ludwig II's castle1.5 million (2018)[26]
6nowrapDresdenDresden State Art Collections
7 BerlinTV and observation tower
8 Aachen Cathedral 1AachenHoly Roman Imperial Cathedral1.5 million[27]

Theme parks

The table below shows some of the most visited theme parks or related facilities in Germany.

valign=bottom Namevalign=bottom Locationvalign=bottom Typevalign=bottom
  1. of visitors in 2002
valign=bottom
  1. of visitors in 2008
RustAmusement park3.5 million4.0 million[28]
Berlin Zoological GardenBerlinZoo3.0 million
VW AutostadtWolfsburgAutomobile park2.1 million
NürburgFormula One park2.0 million
ErdingWater park1.5 million
BottropAmusement park1.3 million
Legoland DeutschlandGünzburgMiniature park1.3 million
Leipzig Zoological Garden "Zoo of the future"Leipzig1.2 million2.1 million
PhantasialandBrühlAmusement park1.75 million
Heide Park ResortSoltauAmusement park1.6 million
Munich1.4 million
Hamburg PlanetariumHamburgPlanetarium0.4 million
Note: This list only includes the largest theme parks/facilities in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

See also

References

  1. Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (Federal Statistical Office)
  2. DZT / World Travel Monitor
  3. World Tourism Organization

https://www.deutschertourismusverband.de/fileadmin/Mediendatenbank/Dateien/ZDF_2016.pdf

External links

Notes and References

  1. Interim Update . UNWTO World Tourism Barometer . 26 June 2011 . April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150101005051/http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom11_iu_april_excerpt.pdf . 1 January 2015 .
  2. Web site: Archived copy . 11 July 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212850/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_hr_0.pdf . 4 October 2013 .
  3. http://www.deutschertourismusverband.de/fileadmin/Mediendatenbank/PDFs/Zahlen_Daten_Fakten_2012_aktuell.pdf Zahlen Daten Fakten 2012
  4. Web site: Tourism Highlights 2013 edition . UNWTO . 26 November 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131127174556/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_lr_0.pdf . 27 November 2013 .
  5. Web site: 2013 Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Report Germany . WTTC . 26 November 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001157/http://wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/germany2013_1.pdf . 3 December 2013 .
  6. Web site: ITB Berlin: The World's Leading Travel Trade Show. expodatabase.com. M+A Expo Database. 13 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20191020023934/https://www.expodatabase.com/tradeshow/itb-berlin-the-worlds-leading-travel-trade-show-908.html. 20 October 2019. live.
  7. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/BinnenhandelGastgewerbeTourismus/Tourismus/TourismusinZahlen1021500177005.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile DeStatis: Tourism in Numbers
  8. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/BinnenhandelGastgewerbeTourismus/Tourismus/TourismusinZahlen.html Tourismus in Zahlen 2014
  9. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/BinnenhandelGastgewerbeTourismus/Tourismus/MonatserhebungTourismus2060710161125.xls?__blob=publicationFile Tourismus in Zahlen 2016
  10. http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/EN/Content/Statistics/Binnenhandel/Tourismus/Tabellen/Content75/UebernachtungenGemeindegruppen,templateId=renderPrint.psml Overnight stays by groups of communities
  11. Web site: Tourismus- und Hotelatlas 2009–2010 . Georg & Ottenströer . de . 8 .
  12. http://www.deutschertourismusverband.de/content/files/anhang_staedtestudie.pdf Städte- und Kulturtourismus in Deutschland
  13. https://worldtravelergroup.com/germany-top-10-tourist-attractions/ Tourist Attractions In Germany
  14. Web site: Berlin-Tourismus 2010 mit neuem Rekord . Amt für Statistik . 19 February 2011 . de . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085426/http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2011/11-02-18.pdf . 19 July 2011 .
  15. News: Audubon Magazine . . The New Zoo . Rene S. Ebersole . November 2001 . 1 October 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070906144905/http://www.audubonmagazine.org/features0111/newzoo.html . 6 September 2007 .
  16. https://www.nordbayern.de/region/nuernberg/uber-zwei-millionen-besucher-kamen-zum-fruhlingsfest-1.8894566 Über zwei Millionen Besucher kamen zum Frühlingsfest
  17. https://www.nordbayern.de/region/nuernberg/herbstvolksfest-zieht-bilanz-abends-war-es-brechend-voll-1.9300522 Herbstvolksfest zieht Bilanz: Abends war es brechend voll
  18. http://www.auma.de/_pages/d/16_Download/download/FKM/EuroFairStatistics_2008.pdf Euro Fair Statistics 2008
  19. http://www.auma.de/_pages/e/12_Download/download/TradeFairPreparation/FKM_Report2008.pdf Audited Trade Fair and Exhibition Figures 2008
  20. http://freizeitparkweb.de/cgi-bin/dcf/dcboard.cgi?forum=DCForumID4&mark=4509&az=next_topic&archive= Deutscher Tourismusverband
  21. https://www.welt.de/welt_print/article2577691/Sorgen-im-Nationalpark-Touristen-stoeren-Kraniche-an-Rastplaetzen.html Mehr als drei Millionen Besucher jährlich
  22. http://www.mdr.de/sachsen/7157047.html Immer mehr Besucher im Nationalpark
  23. http://www.hr-online.de/website/specials/wissen/index.jsp?rubrik=6572&key=standard_document_2641096 Der Kölner Dom
  24. http://www.bundestag.de/dasparlament/2008/01-02/Kehrseite/19155083.html Das Parlament
  25. http://www.hofbraeu-muenchen.de/download/Zapfhahn-07-07.pdf Zapfhahn 2007
  26. https://www.dw.com/en/neuschwanstein-castle-is-top-again/a-42643183 Neuschwanstein Castle is top, again
  27. http://www.eis.abf.nl/media/43732/tourismusbarometer_2008.pdf Tourismus-Barometer
  28. http://presse.europapark.de/lang-en/m359/Startseite-oben/Press-kit-2009.c818/d7350.html Europa-Park Facts