The , also known as the wandering tone,[1] or the ninth tone, is a psalm tone used in Gregorian chant.
As a reciting tone the does not fit in any of the original eight church modes, because a verse recited in this tone has a different tenor note in the first half of the verse from the second half of the verse.[2] It is this diversion from a single recitation note which gives the name, literally "wanders".[1]
Traditionally, the tenor note in the first half of a verse sung according to the is a tone higher than the tenor note in the second half of the verse. Also usually the last note of a melodic formula is a perfect fifth below the first tenor note.
In Gregorian chant the existed before the modal system was expanded beyond the eighth mode. Later the ninth tone became associated with the ninth mode, or Aeolian mode, which, in a more modern understanding of harmony, can be equalled with a standard minor mode.[3] The is an exceptional reciting tone in Gregorian chant: there it was most clearly associated with Psalm 113 (in the Vulgate numbering), traditionally sung in vespers. In Lutheranism, the is associated with the Magnificat (also usually sung in vespers): the traditional setting of Luther's German translation of the Magnificat ("") is a German variant of the .
variants appear in:
Notes
Sources