Timeline of Icelandic history explained
This is a timeline of Icelandic history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Iceland and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see history of Iceland.
9th century
10th century
11th century
12th century
13th century
14th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|
1397 | 17 June | The Kalmar Union is established. The kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and their respective dependencies joined in a personal union.[23] | |
15th century
16th century
17th century
18th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|
1703 | | First Icelandic census. |
1707 | | The Bubonic plague spreads in Iceland. A quarter of the population dies. |
1712 | | Jarðabók is completed. |
1720 | | The manuscripts of Árni Magnússon are moved to Denmark. |
1760 | | Icelanders start exporting salted fish to Spain. |
1783 | | The Mist Hardships occur. A volcanic eruption at Laki destroys a great deal of the livestock in Iceland, causing famine and misery. 20-25% of Iceland perishes.[29] [30] [31] |
1787 | | Danish trade monopoly ceases. |
1800 | 6 June | The Althing is abolished. | |
19th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|
1801 | | The bishoprics of Skálholt and Hólar are united, located in Reykjavík. |
1805 | | The Bessastaðaskóli is founded.[32] |
1807 | | Trade with Danish Iceland all but disappears due to the invasion of the English and their capture of the neutral Danish fleet at Copenhagen, they had credible intel that Napoleon using the Continental System was going to seize that fleet and invade England.[33] [34] It was part of the Napoleonic Wars. |
1809 | | Jørgen Jørgensen seizes power in Iceland and declares independence, but is deposed by the Danes shortly afterwards. |
1835 | | The first copy of Fjölnir is published. |
1841 | | Jón Sigurðsson starts publishing New Associated Writings. |
1843 | 8 March | The King of Denmark orders the Althing to be resurrected. |
1845 | 1 July | The Althing is resurrected, and the house of the Menntaskóli í Reykjavík is opened. |
1851 | | National Assembly of 1851. |
1855 | | The Danes grant Icelanders free trade. |
1871 | | The Danish Parliament passes the Stöðulög laws. First women's secondary school Kvennaskólinn í Reykjavík is founded by Thora Melsted. |
1874 | | The King of Denmark visits Iceland and grants Icelanders a constitution. 1000 years of settlement celebrated throughout the country. |
1875 | | First session of the restored Althing which has the power to pass laws. The Askja volcano erupts. The Woman's association Thorvaldsensfélagið is founded. |
1880 | | The climate grows much colder, driving many Icelanders to emigrate to the New World. |
1894 | | Foundation of the Hið íslenska kvenfélag and the start of the women's movement on Iceland. |
|
20th century
21st century
Year | Date | Event |
---|
2000 | 17–21 June | Southern Iceland is hit by two earthquakes, the first 6.6 ML and the second 6.5 ML. There were no fatalities but a few people were injured and there was some considerable damage to infrastructure. |
2004 | 2 June | The president of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, refuses to sign a bill from the parliament for the first time in the nation's history. |
2005 | 21 March | Bobby Fischer moves to Iceland after having been granted an Icelandic passport and full citizenship.[35] [36] |
2006 | 30 September | The United States Army abandons the military base in Keflavík, thus ending a 55-year U.S. military presence in Iceland. |
2008 | 29 May | A doublet earthquake strikes southern Iceland with a composite magnitude of 6.1 MW[37] |
September | Iceland faces financial crisis following the collapse of the country's three major commercial banks. |
2009 | 26 January | After months of rallies outside the parliament building the Icelandic government resigns. |
1 February | After the collapse of the government, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir becomes the first female Prime Minister of Iceland and the world's first openly gay head of government of the modern era.[38] |
16 July | The parliament narrowly passes a bill authorising the government to apply for EU membership. |
2010 | 5 January | The president of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, refuses to sign a bill from the parliament for the second time in the nation's history. |
20–23 March | Volcanic eruption of Eyjafjallajökull.[39] |
2011 | 20 February | The president of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, refuses to sign a bill from the parliament for the third time in the nation's history. |
21–28 May | Volcanic eruption of Grímsvötn.[40] |
2016 | 4 April | Panama Papers reveal that Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson had links to private companies dealing in offshore tax havens, resulting in a call for a snap election"[41] |
1 August | Guðni Th. Jóhannesson becomes president of Iceland. |
2024 | 1 June | Halla Tómasdóttir won the 2024 Icelandic presidential election and will assume office on August.[42] | |
See also
Further reading
- Book: William Henry Overall. William Henry Overall. Dictionary of Chronology. 1870. William Tegg . London . Iceland . 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=418. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=418 . HathiTrust .
- Iceland . 12 . Powell . Frederick York . Frederick York Powell . 616 - 628 . 1.
- Iceland . 14 . Thoroddsen. Thorvaldur . Thorvaldur Thoroddsen . Powell. Frederick York . Frederick York Powell . Blöndal . Sigfús . Sigfús Blöndal . 227 - 241 . 1910 . 1.
- Book: Richard F. Tomasson . Iceland: The First New Society. 1980. University of Minnesota Press . USA . Icelandic Chronology . 978-1-4529-1032-1 . https://books.google.com/books?id=Sng_nK6ji6sC&pg=PA19 .
- Book: Europa Publications. Political Chronology of Europe . 2003. 978-1-135-35687-3 . Iceland . https://books.google.com/books?id=hVNvCz0c_gsC&pg=PA116 . 116–18 .
Notes and References
- Web site: Hver gaf Íslandi það nafn?. 30 October 2000. University of Iceland. is. Who gave Iceland its name?. 19 March 2011. Tilvist landsins í vestri spurðist út á vesturströnd Noregs og hélt Flóki Vilgerðarson, norskur maður, af stað til að finna landið..
- Web site: Var Hrafna-Flóki til í alvöru?. 16 September 2013. University of Iceland. is. Did Hrafna-Flóki exist for real?. 19 April 2015. Fyrri ferð sína til Íslands hefur Flóki átt að fara um eða skömmu fyrir árið 870 samkvæmt Landnámabók..
- Web site: Hver gaf Íslandi það nafn?. 30 October 2000. University of Iceland. is. Who gave Iceland its name?. 19 March 2011. Flóki gekk upp á fjall eitt í Vatnsfirði og sá þá ofan í annan fjörð, líklega Arnarfjörð, og var hann fullur af hafís. Í 2. kafla Landnámu segir að eftir þetta hafi Hrafna-Flóki og menn hans nefnt landið Ísland..
- Web site: History. Registers Iceland. 19 March 2011. Ingólfur Arnarson was said to be the first settler. He was a chieftain from Norway, arriving in Iceland with his family and dependents in 874.. https://web.archive.org/web/20110522162355/http://www.iceland.is/history-and-culture/History/. 22 May 2011. dead.
- Web site: History. Registers Iceland. 19 March 2011. During the next 60 years or so, Viking settlers from Scandinavia and also from Norse colonies in the British Isles – Ireland, Scotland and the Scottish Isles – settled in the country.. https://web.archive.org/web/20110522162355/http://www.iceland.is/history-and-culture/History/. 22 May 2011. dead.
- Web site: History. Registers Iceland. 19 March 2011. The establishment of Althingi marks the formation of the Icelandic Commonwealth, although it had no executive power.. https://web.archive.org/web/20110522162355/http://www.iceland.is/history-and-culture/History/. 22 May 2011. dead.
- Web site: History. Registers Iceland. 19 March 2011. Christianity was peacefully adopted in Iceland at Althingi in the year 1000. The main reason for this conversion was most likely pressure from the king of Norway.. https://web.archive.org/web/20110522162355/http://www.iceland.is/history-and-culture/History/. 22 May 2011. dead.
- Web site: Sagan. Supreme Court of Iceland. is. History. 21 April 2015. Skömmu eftir árið 1000 var stofnaður svokallaður fimmtardómur sem náði til landsins alls. Þangað mátti skjóta málum sem dæmd höfðu verið í fjórðungsdómi. Hefur hugmyndin líklega verið sú að stuðla að réttareiningu í landinu..
- Web site: Ísleifur Gissurarson . Skálholtsstaður . is . 21 April 2015 . Ísleifur Gissurarson var fyrsti biskup Íslendinga, árin 1056–1080. . 18 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170218175915/http://skalholt.is/frodleikur/biskupar/isleifur_gissurarson/ . dead.
- Web site: Saga sveitarstjórnarlaga. Icelandic Association of Local Authorities. is. History of the Local Government Act. 21 April 2015. Tekjustofnar sveitarfélaga voru ákveðnir í svokölluðum tíundarlögum sem sett voru árið 1097 að forgöngu Gissurar Ísleifssonar biskups..
- Web site: Hekla Volcano, Iceland – John Seach. Seach. John. 22 April 2015. An eruption at Hekla volcano in 1104, devastated the inhabited Thjorsardalur valley..
- Web site: Hver var Jón Ögmundsson?. 2 July 2003. University of Iceland. is. Who was Jón Ögmundsson?. 22 April 2015. Jón Ögmundsson er einn frægasti kirkjumaður Íslandssögunnar. Hann varð fyrsti biskup Hólabiskupsdæmis árið 1106 og beitti sér mjög fyrir eflingu kristinnar trúar í landinu..
- Web site: Klaustur á Íslandi. is. Cloisters in Iceland. 23 April 2015. Jón Ögmundsson, biskup á Hólum stofnaði klaustur að Þingeyrum árið 1112 en engar heimildir eru til um klausturlíf þar fyrr en 1133, þegar Vilmundur Þórólfsson var vígður fyrsti ábóti þess..
- Web site: Íslendingabók. Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies. is. Book of Icelanders. 23 April 2015. Íslendingabók var samin á árunum 1122–32 af prestinum Ara Þorgilssyni sem hlaut viðurnefnið hinn fróði (1068–1148)..
- Web site: Þetta gerðist þá.... 9 September 2008. Morgunblaðið. is. What happened then.... 25 April 2015. Víðinesbardagi var háður í Hjaltadal í Skagafirði. Nokkrir höfðingjar sóttu með 360 manna lið að Guðmundi biskupi Arasyni og mönnum hans. Í bardaganum féllu tólf menn, þeirra á meðal Kolbeinn Tumason, 35 ára. Sagt er að á banadægri sínu hafi Kolbeinn samið sálminn Heyr himna smiður..
- Web site: Hvað gerðist i Örlygsstaðabardaga?. 24 July 2014. University of Iceland. is. What happened in the Battle of Örlygsstaðir. 25 April 2015. Örlygsstaðabardagi var háður 21. ágúst 1238 í Skagafirði austanverðum á stað sem var kallaður Örlygsstaðir, skammt fyrir norðan Víðivelli en nokkru lengra fyrir sunnan Miklabæ..
- Web site: Hvað gerðist i Örlygsstaðabardaga?. 24 July 2014. University of Iceland. is. What happened in the Battle of Örlygsstaðir. 25 April 2015. Feðgarnir Sighvatur og Sturla voru báðir drepnir..
- Web site: Þetta gerðist þá.... 25 June 2008. Morgunblaðið. is. This happened then.... 25 April 2015. 25. júní 1244 Flóabardagi, eina verulega sjóorrusta Íslendinga, var háður á Húnaflóa..
- Web site: Þetta gerðist.... 19 April 2010. Morgunblaðið. is. This happened.... 25 April 2015. Haugsnessfundur, mannskæðasta orrusta á Íslandi, var háð í Blönduhlíð í Skagafirði..
- Web site: Þetta gerðist.... 22 October 2009. Morgunblaðið. is. This happened.... 25 April 2015. 22. október 1253 Flugumýrarbrenna. Sturlungar brenndu bæinn á Flugumýri í Skagafirði, en þar stóð brúðkaup..
- Web site: Hver var Gissur jarl Þorvaldsson og hvaða hlutverki gegndi hann á Sturlungaöld?. 12 February 2014. University of Iceland. is. Who was Jarl Gissur Þorvaldsson and what role did he have in the Age of the Sturlungs?. 26 April 2015. Árið 1258 var Gissur með Hákoni konungi Hákonarsyni í Noregi. Þá gaf konungur honum jarlsnafn og sendi hann til Íslands í því skyni að leggja landið undir konung. Um leið skipaði konungur hann yfir Sunnlendingafjórðung, Norðlendingafjórðung og Borgarfjörð. Nokkrir íslenskir höfðingjar höfðu þá afsalað sér til konungs héraðsvöldum, því sem upphaflega var goðavald..
- Web site: Hver skrifaði Gamla sáttmála og hvað fólst í honum?. 13 June 2008. University of Iceland. is. Who wrote Old Covenant and what did it entail?. 25 April 2015.
- Web site: The Middle Ages: Three kingdoms and a union (approx. 1050–1500). Nordic Council. 29 April 2015.
- Callow. Chris. The mystery of plague in medieval Iceland – co-authored with Charles Evans. JNL Med Hist. January 2016 . en.
- Web site: Hvað er helst vitað um svartadauða á Íslandi?. 3 April 2014. University of Iceland. is. What is principally known about the Black Death in Iceland?. 5 May 2015.
- Web site: Af hverju var Jón Gerreksson biskup drepinn og hver var þar að verki?. 25 February 2013. University of Iceland. is. Why was Bishop Jón Gerreksson killed and who was responsible?. 5 May 2015.
- Vilhjálmur Þ. Gíslason, Bessastaðir: Þættir úr sögu höfuðbóls. Akureyri. 1947
- Book: Þorvarðardóttir. Ólína. Brennuöldin. 2001. Háskólaútgáfan. Iceland. 997954414-7. 119–216. 1.
- News: The eruption that changed Iceland forever . BBC News . 16 April 2010 . 31 May 2013.
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00794xr BBC Timewatch: "Killer Cloud", broadcast 19 January 2007
- News: Richard Stone . Volcanology: Iceland's Doomsday Scenario? . Science . 306 . 5700 . 1278. 19 November 2004 . 31 May 2013.
- Web site: President of Iceland Presmises . 2024-07-07 . Forseti.is.
- A. N. Ryan, "The Causes of the British Attack upon Copenhagen in 1807." English Historical Review (1953): 37–55. in JSTOR
- Thomas Munch-Petersen, Defying Napoleon: How Britain Bombarded Copenhagen and Seized the Danish Fleet in 1807 (2007)
- Web site: March 21, 2005 . Bobby Fischer: ich bin ein Icelander! . chessbase.com.
- [Bobby Fischer#Brady2011|Brady 2011]
- News: Strong earthquake rocks Iceland . 2008-05-29 . 2008-05-29 . BBC News.
- News: 28 June 2010 . Iceland PM weds as gay marriage legalised . 23 March 2019 . . London, UK.
- News: 15 April 2010 . Iceland's volcanic ash halts flights in northern Europe . BBC News.
- Web site: Global Volcanism Program Grímsvötn . 2024-06-15 . Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program . en.
- News: Iceland's PM faces calls for snap election after offshore revelations. Simon. Bowers. 3 April 2016. The Guardian.
- News: 2 June 2024 . Election week: Halla Tómasdóttir will be the president of Iceland . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240603053737/https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2024-06-01-kosningavakan-halla-tomasdottir-verdur-forseti-islands-414495 . 3 June 2024 . 2 June 2024 . . Iceland.