Timeline of British history explained

This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, History of Ireland, History of the formation of the United Kingdom and History of the United Kingdom.

Centuries: 1st BC1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th21stRefs

1st century BC

!Year!Date!Event
55 BC1 January [1] Roman General Julius Caesar invades Great Britain for the first time, gaining a beachhead on the coast of Kent.
54 BC?Caesar invades for the second time, gaining a third of the country. These two invasions are known as Caesar's invasions of Britain.

1st century

!Year!Date!Event
43?Aulus Plautius leads an army of forty thousand to invade Great Britain. Emperor Claudius makes Britain a part of the Roman Empire. This is known as the Roman conquest of Britain.
50?London is founded.[2] [3]
61?Boudica's organised rebellion against the Romans is defeated.

2nd century

!Year!Date!Event
122?Emperor Hadrian orders a wall to be built to mark Roman territory of Britain in the north.
197?Britain is divided into two parts - Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior.

3rd century

3rd Century Britain: Wikipage

!Year!Date!Event
206?Governor Lucius Alfenus Senecio repairs Hadrian's Wall and appeals for help from the Emperor against the northern tribes.
208?Emperor Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla take personal command of the army in Britain.
209?Severus and Caracalla lead an expedition against the Caledonii, and build forts at Cramond and the Tay estuary.
210?Caracalla leads an expedition against the rebellious Maeatae tribe.
211?4 February – Severus dies at York, while preparing another expedition against the northern rebels.

Caracalla, now Emperor, abandons territory north of Hadrian's Wall, and returns to Rome

c. 214?Britain divided into two provinces, Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior, with administrative centres at London and York respectively
c. 220?Saxons raid south-east coast; forts built at Reculver and Branodunum (Brancaster).
245?Many thousands of acres of modern-day Lincolnshire are inundated by a great flood.
255?Work begins on a riverside wall in London.
259?Rebel leader Latinus Postumus proclaims Britain as part of his "Empire of the Gauls".
270?Construction of forts along the Saxon Shore begins in response to increased raiding.
273?Stone walls built around St Albans.
274?Postumus's Gallic Empire is reabsorbed into the Roman Empire under Aurelian.
277?Imperial edict lifts restrictions on British wine production.General Victorinus puts down revolt, and settles Burgundian and Vandal prisoners in Britain.
286-296
287?Mausaeus Carausius takes power in Britain and proclaims himself Emperor
289?Carausius defeats Emperor Maximian in a naval battle.
293?Finance minister Allectus murders Carausius and seizes power; employs Frankish mercenaries.
296?Julius Constantius defeats Britons near Silchester, killing Allectus; prevents retreating Franks from sacking London
297?Re-building of forts near Hadrian's Wall begins.Constantius returns to Gaul.

First mention on record of the Picts attacking from the north in Eumenius' Panegyrici Latini.

11th century

!Year!Date!Event
1017 ?Cnut the Great is crowned king of England in London.
1034 25 November Malcolm II of Scotland dies at Glamis. He is succeeded as king of Scotland by his grandson Duncan I the Diseased of Scotland.
1035 12 November Cnut dies. He is succeeded as king of England, Denmark and Norway by his son Harthacnut.
1040 17 MarchHarold Harefoot dies at Oxford. Harthacnut, his brother, succeeds him as king of England.
14 August Duncan the Diseased is killed in action at Elgin, Moray attempting to suppress a rebellion by Macbeth, King of Scotland, Mormaer of Moray, who replaces him as king of Scotland.
1042 8 June Harthacnut dies, probably due to a stroke after excessive drinking at a wedding in Lambeth. He is succeeded as king of England by his brother Edward the Confessor.
1057 15 August Battle of Lumphanan

Macbeth is killed in battle at Lumphanan by Duncan the Diseased's son Malcolm III of Scotland. He is succeeded as king of Scotland by his stepson Lulach.

1058 17 March Lulach is assassinated by Malcolm III, who succeeds him as king of Kingdom of Scotland.
1066 5 January Edward the Confessor dies, probably after a series of strokes. He is succeeded as king of England by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson.
28 September Norman conquest of England

William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy, lands with an army at Pevensey.

14 October Battle of Hastings

Harold Godwinson is killed in battle against the forces of William the Conqueror at Battle, East Sussex, causing the collapse of his army.

25 December William the Conqueror is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey.
1078 ?The construction of Tintern Abbey begins.
1086 12 juneA census begins whose results would be collected in the Domesday Book.
1087 9 September William the Conqueror dies at Rouen. He is succeeded by one son, Robert Curthose, as duke of Normandy and by another, William II of England, as king of England.
1093 13 November Battle of Alnwick (1093)

Malcolm III and his eldest son are ambushed and killed at Alnwick by an army of knights led by Robert de Mowbray, earl of Northumbria.

1100 2 August William II is killed by an arrow through the lung while hunting in the New Forest. He is succeeded by his brother Henry I of England.
?The White Tower of London is completed.

12th century

!Year!Date!Event
1135 1 December Henry I dies of illness.
22 December Stephen, King of England is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey.
1137 ?The Anarchy

Stephen enters Normandy in an attempt to conquer it from Empress Matilda, his rival for the succession in Normandy and England.

?Gruffudd ap Cynan, king of Gynedd, dies. He is succeeded by his son Owain Gwynedd.
1154 24 October Stephen dies of a stomach disease. He is succeeded as king of England by Henry II of England, grandson of Henry I.
1164 ?Henry II issues the Constitutions of Clarendon, which provided that members of the Catholic Church accused of serious crimes would be tried and sentenced in secular courts.
1170 28 November Owain dies.
29 December Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, is murdered in Canterbury Cathedral by followers of Henry II.
1189 6 July Henry II dies of illness at Château de Chinon. He is succeeded as king of England by his son Richard I of England.
1192 December Richard is captured near Vienna on the orders of Leopold V, Duke of Austria, duke of Austria, while returning from the Crusades.
1194 4 February Richard is released following the payment of fifty tons of silver to Austria.
?Battle of Aberconwy

Llywelyn the Great defeats his uncle Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, one of two princes of Kingdom of Gwynedd, in battle.

1199 6 April Richard dies of a crossbow wound sustained two weeks earlier during a siege of Château de Châlus-Chabrol. He was succeeded as king of England by his brother John, King of England.

13th century

!Year!Date!Event
1209 November The pope Pope Innocent III excommunicates John.
1215 15 June John agrees to Magna Carta, granting political rights including the right to a fair trial to his barons.
1216 19 October John dies of illness. He is succeeded as king of England by his son Henry III of England.
1237 25 September Henry III and Alexander II of Scotland sign the Treaty of York, under which the latter renounced his claims on English territory in Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland.
1240 11 AprilDeath of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of Wales; Dafydd ap Llywelyn succeeds to the throne of Gwynedd.
1246 25 FebruaryDeath of Dafydd ap Llywelyn; Llywelyn ap Gruffudd succeeds to the throne of Gwynedd (he does not claim the title of prince of Wales until 1258).
1249 6 JulyDeath of Alexander II, king of Scots; Alexander III succeeds to the throne of Scotland.
1263 2 OctoberBattle of Largs, an inconclusive battle, is fought between Haakon IV of Norway and the Scots.
1264 14 MaySimon de Montfort leads rebel English barons to defeat Henry III at the Battle of Lewes.
1266 2 JulyScotland and Norway sign the Treaty of Perth under which Scottish control of the Western Isles is acknowledged.
1267 SeptemberHenry III of England recognises the authority of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in Wales.
1272 16 NovemberDeath of Henry III, Edward I succeeds to the English throne.
1277 JulyEngland annexes Wales, a state of affairs which lasted until 1283.
1279 ?Statute of Mortmain.
1282 11 DecemberDeath of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales; Dafydd ap Gruffudd succeeds to the throne of Gwynedd.
1283 3 OctoberDeath of Dafydd ap Gruffudd; English conquest of Wales.
1287 ?Revolt of Rhys ap Maredudd in Wales.
1294 29 SeptemberRevolt of Madog ap Llywelyn in Wales.
1297 11 SeptemberWilliam Wallace and the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

14th century

!Year!Date!Event
1305 23 AugustCapture and execution of Scottish resistance fighter William Wallace by the English on a charge of treason.
1307 7 JulyDeath of Edward I, Edward II accedes to the English throne.
1314 24 JuneDecisive victory for Scotland over England at the Battle of Bannockburn.
1316 28 JanuaryRevolt of Llywelyn Bren in South Wales.
1322 16 MarchEdward II defeats a rebellious baronial faction at Battle of Boroughbridge.
1327 25 JanuaryEdward III usurps the English throne.
21 SeptemberEdward II is killed.
1328 ?England recognises Scotland's independence in the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton
1338 ?Edward III claims the throne of France, initiating the Hundred Years' War.
1348 JuneThe Black Death first arrives in England and ultimately kills c. one third of the population.
1356 19 SeptemberBattle of Poitiers.
1377 21 JuneDeath of Edward III, his grandson Richard II accedes to the English throne.
1381 30 May - NovemberPeasants' Revolt of 1381.
1392 ?Statute of Praemunire.
1399 30 SeptemberHenry Bolingbroke usurps the English throne becoming Henry IV.

15th century

!Year!Date!Event
1413 20 MarchHenry IV dies and is succeeded by his son, Henry V.
1415 25 OctoberHenry V is welcomed back to England after a major victory at the Battle of Agincourt, France.
1422 31 AugustHenry V dies and is succeeded by his son, Henry VI.
1471 21 MayHenry VI is murdered and Edward IV is restored to the English throne.
1483 9 AprilDeath of Edward IV, Edward V accedes to the throne.
1485 22 AugustThe Battle of Bosworth Field ends the Yorkist reign of Richard III and ushers in Tudor reign, with the reign of Henry VII.
1487 16 JuneThe Battle of Stoke is fought between Henry VII and Lambert Simnel a Yorkist claimant to the throne. It is the last battle of the Wars of the Roses.

16th century

!Year!Date!Event
1509 22 AprilEngland – Henry VIII crowned and married to Catherine of Aragon.
1513 9 SeptemberEngland and Scotland – James IV and thousands of Scots killed in defeat at Flodden.
1516?England – Royal Mail is originally established.
1521 ?England – Lutheran writings begin to circulate.
1525 ?England – Henry VIII seeks an annulment of his marriage, which is refused.
1526 ?England – Cardinal Wolsey orders the burning of Lutheran books.
1532 ?Scotland – Creation of the College of Justice and the Court of Session.
1534 3 NovemberAct of Supremacy passed by Henry VIII
?England – Treasons Act 1534.
153522 JuneEngland – Execution of Cardinal John Fisher.
6 JulyEngland – Execution of Thomas More.
1536 6 OctoberEngland – Execution of William Tindale in Antwerp.
1542 14 DecemberScotland – Mary, Queen of Scots, accedes to the Scottish throne.
1547 28 JanuaryEngland – Edward VI crowned King.
1549 6 June - 17 AugustEngland – Prayer Book rebellion in south-west.
1553 JulyEngland – Mary I accedes to the throne.
1558 17 NovemberEngland – Elizabeth I accedes to the throne.
1559 ?England – Act of Supremacy 1559.
2 MayScotland – John Knox returns from Geneva to promote Calvinism.
1560 1 AugustScotland – Parliament legislates protestant reformation of the Church of Scotland.
1567 24 JulyScotland – The Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, abdicates and flees Scotland after an uprising by Protestant lords
1571 ?England – Treasons Act 1571.
1582 ?Scotland – Establishment of the University of Edinburgh by Royal Charter.
1587 8 FebruaryEngland and Scotland – Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle in Northamptonshire on 8 February
1588 8 AugustEngland – Spanish Armada destroyed.
1592 ?Scotland – James VI enacts the "Golden Act" recognising the power of Presbyterianism within the Scottish church.

17th century

!Year!Date!Event
160324 MarchEngland – Death of Queen Elizabeth I. James VI of Scotland crowned King of England (as James I of England).
16055 NovemberEngland and Scotland – The Gunpowder plot is uncovered, in which Guy Fawkes and others attempted to blow up the king, James VI and I and the Parliament of England.
160610 AprilEngland - King James I issues the First Virginia Charter, establishing the Colony of Virginia in North America.
161829 OctoberEngland – Execution of Sir Walter Raleigh
162527 MarchEngland and Scotland – Death of James VI and I.
1639-1644?England and Scotland – At war in what became known as the Bishops' Wars.
1640NovemberEngland – The Long Parliament summoned.
164222 AugustEngland – English Civil War begins (see Timeline of the English Civil War).
1652?England – Tea arrives in Britain.
16662 - 6 SeptemberEngland – The Great Fire of London ravages the city.
168811 DecemberEngland – The Glorious Revolution replaces James II with William III.
1689AprilScotland – The Claim of Right Act 1689 is enacted by the Parliament of Scotland.
16 DecemberEngland – The Bill of Rights 1689 is enacted by the Parliament of England.
169427 JulyEngland – The Bank of England is established.

18th century

!Year!Date!Event
17071 MayThe Kingdom of Great Britain comes into being,[4] [5] [6] [7] and Queen Anne becomes its first monarch.
171311 AprilSigning of the Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession.
17141 AugustQueen Anne dies. Accession of George I, Elector of Hanover.
17213 AprilRobert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.
172711 JuneKing George I dies and George II ascends the throne.
174216 FebruarySpencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington becomes Prime Minister.
174327 AugustHenry Pelham becomes Prime Minister.
175416 MarchThomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle becomes Prime Minister.
175515 AprilSamuel Johnson published his A Dictionary of the English Language.
175616 NovemberWilliam Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire becomes Prime Minister.
175729 JuneThomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
176025 OctoberKing George II dies and George III ascends the throne.
176226 MayJohn Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute becomes Prime Minister.
176316 AprilGeorge Grenville becomes Prime Minister.
1764?The Castle of Otranto is written and published, which was the first-ever story classed as a gothic horror story.
176513 JulyCharles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham becomes Prime Minister.
176630 JulyWilliam Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham becomes Prime Minister.
176814 OctoberAugustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton becomes Prime Minister.
177028 JanuaryFrederick North, Lord North becomes Prime Minister.
177519 AprilThe American War of Independence begins.
17764 July The Declaration of Independence is created and the new country is recognised as the USA.
1777-1779November 1777 - July 1779The world's first iron bridge called The Iron Bridge, is built-in Shropshire.
178227 MarchCharles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
4 JulyWilliam Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne becomes Prime Minister.
17832 AprilWilliam Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland becomes Prime Minister.
4 SeptemberThe American War of Independence ends with the Treaty of Paris.
19 DecemberWilliam Pitt the Younger becomes Prime Minister.
17851 JanuaryThe Times is first published and becomes the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, such as The New York Times.

19th century

!Year!Date!Event
18011 JanuaryThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland comes into being,[8] and King George III becomes its first monarch.
180117 MarchHenry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth becomes Prime Minister.
180410 MayWilliam Pitt the Younger becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
180521 OctoberThe naval Battle of Trafalgar takes place.
180611 FebruaryWilliam Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville becomes Prime Minister.
180725 MarchThe Slave Trade Act 1807 is passed.
31 MarchWilliam Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
18094 OctoberSpencer Perceval becomes Prime Minister.
1810Discovery of the first complete Icthyosaur by Mary Anning
18128 JuneRobert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool becomes Prime Minister.
181518 JuneThe Battle of Waterloo takes place.
20 NovemberThe Napoleonic Wars ends.
1819SS Savannah undergoes the first steamship transatlantic crossing.
182029 JanuaryKing George III dies and George IV ascends the throne.
18215 MayThe Guardian is first published, as The Manchester Guardian.
1823Discovery of Plesiosaurus Mary Anning
182527 SeptemberThe Stockton and Darlington railway, the world's first public passenger railway, opens.
182712 AprilGeorge Canning becomes Prime Minister.
31 AugustF. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich becomes Prime Minister.
182822 JanuaryArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington becomes Prime Minister.
Discovery of Pterodactylus by Mary Anning
182913 AprilThe Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 is passed.
183026 JuneKing George IV dies and William IV ascends the throne.
22 NovemberCharles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey becomes Prime Minister.
18327 JuneThe Great Reform Act is passed, doubling the franchise.
183328 AugustThe Slavery Abolition Act 1833 gains royal assent, banning slavery throughout the British Empire.
1834?The Conservative Party is founded.
16 JulyWilliam Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne becomes Prime Minister.
14 AugustThe New Poor Law is passed.
17 NovemberArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
10 DecemberRobert Peel becomes Prime Minister.
183518 AprilWilliam Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
183720 JuneThe reign of Queen Victoria begins.
18381 AugustThe Slavery Abolition Act 1833 enters into force, abolishing slavery in the British Empire.
184010 JanuaryThe first postage stamps (Penny Post) come into use.
JuneVaccination for the poor is introduced.
184130 AugustRobert Peel becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
1842SummerThe first peacetime income tax is introduced.
184627 JanuaryThe Corn Laws are repealed.
30 JuneJohn Russell, 1st Earl Russell becomes Prime Minister.
1848Late FebruaryThe Communist Manifesto is published by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
1850The East Coast Main Line opens.
18511 MayThe Great Exhibition opens.
185223 FebruaryEdward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby becomes Prime Minister.
19 DecemberGeorge Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen becomes Prime Minister.
1853-185616 October 1853 - 30 March 1856The Crimean War is fought between Russia and a British alliance who feared Russian expansion in the Balkans, resulting in allied victory.
1854?Doctor John Snow discovers that cholera is from contaminated water[9]
18556 FebruaryHenry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston becomes Prime Minister.
29 JuneThe Daily Telegraph is first published.
185820 FebruaryEdward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
185912 JuneHenry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
186114 DecemberVictoria's husband, Prince Albert, dies at the age of 42.
186310 JanuaryThe London Underground opens, the oldest underground railway network in the world.
186529 OctoberJohn Russell, 1st Earl Russell becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
186628 JuneEdward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby becomes Prime Minister for the third time.
186715 AugustThe 1867 Reform Act doubles the franchise and the Dominion of Canada was created.
186827 FebruaryBenjamin Disraeli becomes Prime Minister.
29 MayThe last public execution is carried out.
3 DecemberWilliam Ewart Gladstone becomes Prime Minister.
1869The West Coast Main Line opens.
187017 FebruaryThe Elementary Education Act 1870 is passed, introducing universal education in England and Wales.
18726 AugustThe Education (Scotland) Act 1872 expands access to primary education and makes it compulsory in Scotland.
187420 FebruaryBenjamin Disraeli becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
188023 AprilWilliam Ewart Gladstone becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
26 AugustThe Elementary Education Act 1880 is passed, making primary schooling compulsory in England and Wales.
188523 JuneRobert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury becomes Prime Minister.
25 JuneThe Reform Act 1885 is passed.
18861 FebruaryWilliam Ewart Gladstone becomes Prime Minister for the third time.
21 JuneConstruction begins on Tower Bridge in London.
25 JulyRobert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
1887NovemberThe fictional detective Sherlock Holmes first appears in print.
189215 AugustWilliam Ewart Gladstone becomes Prime Minister for the fourth time.
18945 MarchArchibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery becomes Prime Minister.
189525 JuneRobert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury becomes Prime Minister for the third time.
18964 MayThe Daily Mail is first published.

20th century

!Year!Date!Event
190027 FebruaryThe Labour Party is founded.
190122 JanuaryQueen Victoria dies and Edward VII ascends the throne.
190212 JulyArthur Balfour becomes Prime Minister.
9 AugustCoronation of Edward VII and Alexandra.
31 MayTreaty of Vereeniging ends the Second Boer War.
1903SeptemberThe Lib-Lab pact enables Labour to break into national politics.
19048 AprilEntente Cordiale signed between Britain and France
19055 DecemberHenry Campbell-Bannerman becomes Prime Minister.
19085 AprilH. H. Asquith becomes Prime Minister.
27 AprilThe Summer Olympics open at White City in London.
27 OctoberParliament approves old age pensions.
19106 MayEdward VII dies and George V ascends the throne.
191122 JuneCoronation of George V and Mary.
191213 AprilRoyal Flying Corps established.
14 - 15 AprilThe RMS Titanic sinks after hitting an iceberg. Over 1500 crew and passengers die.
19144 AugustWorld War I

Great Britain declares war on Germany in response to the invasion of Belgium.

5 NovemberBritain declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
19166 DecemberDavid Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister.
19186 FebruaryWomen get the vote for the first time - women over the age of 30 who met a property qualification could vote as a result of the Representation of the People Act 1918.
1 AprilThe Royal Air Force is founded, becoming the first independent air force in the world.
11 NovemberWorld War I ends.
19191 DecemberNancy Astor becomes the first woman to take her seat in parliament.
1921The Great Britain road numbering scheme.
192218 OctoberThe BBC is founded as the British Broadcasting Company.
23 OctoberBonar Law becomes Prime Minister.
192322 MayStanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister.
192422 JanuaryRamsay MacDonald becomes Prime Minister.
4 NovemberStanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
19264 May - 12 MayThe 1926 United Kingdom general strike takes place.
19282 JulyWomen receive the right to vote on the same terms as men (over the age of 21) as a result of the Representation of the People Act 1928.
SeptemberThe first film with dialogue is shown in Britain, The Jazz Singer.
30 SeptemberAlexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
19295 JuneRamsay MacDonald becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
1931?The Dominion of Canada later has more recognition as Canada.
193430 NovemberThe LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman built in Doncaster becomes the first steam locomotive to reach 100mph.
19357 JuneStanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister for the third time.
193620 JanuaryGeorge V dies and Edward VIII ascends the throne.
5 - 31 OctoberThe Jarrow March protest occurs.
10 DecemberEdward VIII abdicates the throne over his proposal to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Automatic accession of George VI.
193712 MayCoronation of George VI and Elizabeth.
28 MayNeville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister.
30 JuneFirst available in the London area, the 999 telephone number is introduced as the world's first emergency telephone service.
19383 JulyThe LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard built in Doncaster breaks the land speed record for the fastest steam locomotive, reaching 203km/h; the record still stands.
19393 SeptemberBritish entry into World War II.
194010 MayWinston Churchill becomes Prime Minister.
19458 MayWorld War II ends in Europe.
26 JulyClement Attlee becomes Prime Minister.
24 OctoberBritain becomes a founding member of the United Nations.
194715 AugustIndia gains independence from Britain.
19481 JanuaryBritish Rail is established.
5 JulyThe National Health Service is founded, bringing state-funded healthcare to all.
29 July - 14 AugustLondon hosts the 1948 Summer Olympics.
14 NovemberBirth of Charles, Prince of Wales.
195015 AugustBirth of Anne, Princess Royal.
29 AugustBritish troops arrive to support US forces in the Korean War.
195126 OctoberSir Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
1952?Autocode, regarded as the first compiled programming language, is developed by Alick Glennie.
6 FebruaryDeath of George VI. Automatic accession of Elizabeth II.
195325 AprilJames Watson and Francis Crick publish their discovery of the structure of DNA.
2 JuneCoronation of Elizabeth II.
19546 MayRoger Bannister breaks the four-minute mile with a time of 3:59.4.
19556 AprilAnthony Eden becomes Prime Minister.
22 SeptemberCommercial television starts with the first ITV broadcast.
195617 OctoberBritain opens its first nuclear power station, Calder Hall.
195710 JanuaryHarold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister.
19585 DecemberThe British motorway system opens with the M6 Preston bypass.
196019 FebruaryBirth of Prince Andrew, Duke of York.
19611 JulyBirth of Diana, Princess of Wales.
196327 MarchThe first report of the Beeching cuts – a railway restructuring plan – was published, The Reshaping of British Railways.
19 OctoberAlec Douglas-Home becomes Prime Minister but lasts only 363 days.
196410 MarchBirth of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex.
16 OctoberHarold Wilson becomes Prime Minister.
196524 JanuaryDeath of Sir Winston Churchill.
8 NovemberThe death penalty is abolished officially.
196727 JulyThe Sexual Offences Act 1967 legalises homosexuality between men over 21.
27 OctoberThe Abortion Act 1967 is passed, legalising abortion on certain grounds.
19692 MarchConcorde, the world's first supersonic airliner, makes its maiden flight.
197019 JuneEdward Heath becomes Prime Minister.
197115 FebruaryDecimal Day
the United Kingdom introduces a decimalised currency.
197222 January The United Kingdom signs the Treaty of Accession in a ceremony in Brussels which was attended by Prime Minister Edward Heath in preparedness for membership of the European Communities from 1 January 1973.
19731 January The United Kingdom joins and becomes a member state of the European Communities.
19744 MarchHarold Wilson becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
19755 JuneThe United Kingdom chooses to remain a member state of the European Communities in a non-binding referendum.
19765 AprilJames Callaghan becomes Prime Minister.
SeptemberBritain becomes the first major Western state to be forced to ask to borrow money from the International Monetary Fund.
197825 JulyLouise Brown becomes the first human in history to be born via in vitro fertilisation.
19794 MayMargaret Thatcher becomes the first female Prime Minister.
27 AugustThe IRA kill the Queen's cousin Lord Mountbatten.
198124 JuneThe Humber Bridge opens, the longest single-span bridge in the world.
29 JulyWedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer.
198221 JuneBirth of Prince William of Wales.
2 April - 14 JuneThe Falklands War is fought against Argentina, resulting in a British victory and the United Kingdom reclaiming the Falkland Islands.
2 NovemberChannel 4 launches across most of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
1984-19856 March 1984 - 3 March 1985The UK miners' strike takes place, a major strike and protest to prevent Margaret Thatcher's government from closing down the British coal mining industry.
198415 SeptemberBirth of Prince Harry of Wales.
198625 DecemberThe Christmas episode of the soap opera EastEnders becomes the most-watched programme in the United Kingdom with a viewing of 30.1 million.
19883 MarchThe Liberal Democrats are founded.
198912 MarchTim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web.
199028 NovemberJohn Major becomes Prime Minister.
199118 - 26 MayHelen Sharman becomes the first British person and the first European woman in space.
19946 MayThe Channel Tunnel opens, the first physical connection between the United Kingdom and France.
1996?A sheep named Dolly becomes the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.
19972 MayTony Blair becomes Prime Minister.
1 JulyThe United Kingdom hands Hong Kong back to China, marking the end of the British Empire.
31 AugustDiana, Princess of Wales, dies due to a traffic collision in Paris.
19996 MayFirst elections to the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly take place which will now be responsible for aspects of Scotland and Wales's governance.
2 DecemberThe Good Friday Agreement comes into effect, two agreements intended to bring about the end of the Troubles in Northern Ireland.
31 DecemberThe Millennium Dome and London Eye are opened to mark the new millennium.

21st century

!Year!Date!Event
20029 FebruaryPrincess Margaret dies.
30 MarchQueen Elizabeth The Queen Mother dies aged 101.
200320 March - 1 MayThe United Kingdom, alongside the US, invades Iraq.
20059 AprilWedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles.
200727 JuneGordon Brown becomes Prime Minister.
201011 MayDavid Cameron becomes Prime Minister.
201129 AprilWedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton.
201230 MarchThe Shard tops out in construction, becoming the tallest building in Western Europe.
27 July - 12 AugustLondon hosts the Olympic Games for the third time.
201317 JulySame-sex marriage is legalised in the United Kingdom.
22 JulyBirth of Prince George of Cambridge.
201418 SeptemberThe Scottish independence referendum takes place; Scotland decides to remain part of the United Kingdom.
20152 MayBirth of Princess Charlotte of Cambridge.
9 SeptemberElizabeth II becomes the longest-reigning monarch in British history.
15 DecemberTim Peake becomes the first British ESA astronaut to board the International Space Station.
201623 JuneThe United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union.
13 JulyTheresa May becomes the second female Prime Minister.
5 - 21 AugustGreat Britain ranks second on the 2016 Summer Olympics medal table with 27 Gold Medals, the best result since 1908.
201823 AprilBirth of Prince Louis of Cambridge.
19 MayWedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.
201915 JanuaryThe motion to approve the Brexit withdrawal agreement – otherwise known as the "meaningful vote" – was rejected 202–432. This was the largest defeat on a government motion in history.[10] [11]
24 JulyTheresa May formally tenders her resignation as prime minister to Elizabeth II, and is succeeded by Boris Johnson.
202031 JanuaryThe United Kingdom leaves the European Union.
23 March - 2021A national lockdown takes place due to the coronavirus pandemic. Freedom of movement is restricted and this becomes enforceable in law. Non-essential shops and services close.
20226 FebruaryElizabeth II's Platinum Jubilee, marking 70 years on the British throne.
8 September Elizabeth II dies aged 96. Automatic accession of Charles III. Aged 73, he becomes the oldest person to accede to the throne.
20 OctoberLiz Truss resigns as prime minister after 44 days, making her the shortest-serving prime minister in British history.
25 OctoberRishi Sunak becomes the first prime minister of Asian descent.
20236 MayKing Charles III is crowned.

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Julius Caesar's First Landing in Britain History Today. www.historytoday.com. 2019-05-14.
  2. Web site: BC 1486- The story of Roman London. CA. 2007-05-24. Current Archaeology. en-US. 2019-07-02.
  3. Web site: A History of London. www.localhistories.org. 2019-07-02.
  4. http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ Acts of Union 1707
  5. http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf Making the Act of Union 1707
  6. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile
  7. http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html The Creation of the United Kingdom of great britain in 1707
  8. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliamentandireland/collections/ireland/act-of-union-1800/ Acts of Union 1800
  9. Book: Snow, John . John Snow . 1855 . On the Mode of Communication of Cholera . 2nd . London . John Churchill .
  10. News: Theresa May suffers historic defeat in vote as Tories turn against her. Stewart. Heather. 2019-01-16. The Guardian. 2019-01-16. Boffey. Daniel. en-GB. 0261-3077.
  11. News: Biggest government defeats in House of Commons. Sparrow. Andrew. 2019-01-16. The Guardian.