Tiger reserves of India explained

The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.

Goal

As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.[1] [2]

Tiger population

In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.[3] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.[4]

In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022.[5] As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[6]

Tiger reserves

Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.[7]

In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of . More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.[8] By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of .[9] As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves.[1]

List of tiger reserves[10] [11]
Name StateTiger population (2023)Core area (km2)Buffer area (km2)Total area (km2)
1973–742007Karnataka150872.24584.061,456.3
1973–742010Uttarakhand260821.99466.321,288.31
1973–742007Madhya Pradesh105917.431,134.362,051.79
1973–742008Assam58526.222,310.882,837.10
1973–742007Maharashtra571,500.491,268.032,768.52
1973–742012Jharkhand1414.08715.851,129.93
1973–742007Rajasthan571,113.36297.921,411.29
1973–742007Odisha161,194.751,555.252,750
1973–742007West Bengal1001,699.62885.272,584.89
1978–792007Kerala3088144925
1978–792007Rajasthan19881.11332.231,213.34
1982–832009West Bengal1390.58367.32757.90
1982–832009Chhattisgarh11,258.371,540.702,799.07
1982–831987Arunachal Pradesh11,807.82245.002,052.82
1982–832007Andhra Pradesh582,595.72700.593,296.31
1987–882010Uttar Pradesh1351,093.791,107.98 2,201.77
1988–892007Tamil Nadu5895.00706.541,601.54
1989–902012Bihar54598.45300.93899.38
1992–932007Madhya Pradesh77 411.33768.301,179.63
1993–942007Maharashtra97625.821,101.771,727.59
1993–942007Madhya Pradesh135716.9820.03 1,536.93
Panna1994–952007Madhya Pradesh55576.131,021.971,598.10
1994–952007Mizoram0500488988
1998–992007Karnataka28492.46571.831,064.29
Pench (MH)1998–992007Maharashtra48 257.26483.96 741.22
1999–20002012Arunachal Pradesh6683.455151,198.45
Nameri1999–20002000Assam3320144464
1999–20002007Madhya Pradesh501,339.26794.042,133.31
2008–09200716958.59521.281,479.87
2008–092009Chhattisgarh1851.09991.451,842.54
2008–092007Odisha0523.61440.26963.87
2008–092007Assam104625.585481,173.58
2008–092009Chhattisgarh5626.19287.82914.02
2008–092007Karnataka17814.88282.631,097.51
2008–092011Madhya Pradesh16812.57861.931,674.5
Mudumalai2008–092007Tamil Nadu114321.00367.59688.59
2008–092007141643.35562.411,205.76
2008–092009Kerala31390.89252.77643.66
2009–102012Maharashtra0612.00565.451,165.57
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple2010–112007Karnataka37359.10215.72574.82
2012–132012Telangana0892.231,123.212,015.44
2013–142013Tamil Nadu85793.49614.911,408.40
Mukandra Hills2013–142013Rajasthan1417.17342.82759.99
2013–142015Maharashtra11653.671,241.271,894.94
Amrabad20142015Telangana122,166.37445.022,611.39
20142014Uttar Pradesh63602.79127.45 730.25
20142012Maharashtra9138.12678.15816.27
20152015Uttarakhand54819.54255.631,075.17
20162016Assam1679.28413.18492.46
20162017Arunachal Pradesh0671112783
20212021Tamil Nadu12641.86374.71,016.57
Ramgarh Vishdhari20222022Rajasthan1481.911,019.991,501.90
Ranipur20222022Uttar PradeshNA230.31 299.05529.36
20232023Madhya PradeshNA1,414925.122,339.12
20232023RajasthanNA599.640599.64

Notes and References

  1. Tiger reserves . National Tiger Conservation Authority . 1 April 2024.
  2. Web site: Project Tiger . Government of India. 22 January 2016.
  3. News: India's tiger population sees 33% increase. BBC . 2019.
  4. Web site: Tiger Estimate in India. Public Information Brochure. 9. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India . 28 March 2011. 21 June 2011.
  5. Qureshi, Q. . Jhala, Y. V. . Yadav, S. P. . Mallick, A. . amp . 2023 . Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 . National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India . New Delhi, Dehradun .
  6. Web site: 2967 – What the new global Tiger number means . WWF . 2016.
  7. Web site: Project Tiger. National Tiger Conservation Authority. 1 April 2024.
  8. Book: Panwar, H. S. . 1987 . Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future . https://books.google.com/books?id=YdC-wfyZwZEC&pg=PA110 . 110–117 . Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species . Tilson, R. L. . Sel, U. S. . Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group . Park Ridge, N.J. . 978-0-815-51133-5.
  9. Book: Seidensticker, J. . Christie, S. . Jackson, P. . 1999 . Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes . Cambridge University Press . Cambridge . 0-521-64057-1 . Thapar, V. . The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch . 296–306.
  10. Web site: Tiger Reserves of India. 1 April 2024 . Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India.
  11. MEE summary report . 1 April 2024 . National Tiger Conservation Authority.
  12. Web site: Tiger Reserves. 9 January 2021. Wildlife Institute of India.
  13. Web site: Tiger Reserves. 19 January 2021. National Tiger Conservation Authority.

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