| Cabinet Name: | Olmert cabinet |
| Cabinet Number: | 31st |
| Jurisdiction: | Israel |
| Flag: | Flag_of_Israel.svg |
| Flag Border: | true |
| Date Formed: | 4 May 2006 |
| Date Dissolved: | 31 March 2009 |
| Government Head: | Ehud Olmert |
| State Head: | Moshe Katsav (until 1 July 2007) Shimon Peres (since 1 July 2007) |
| Political Party: | Kadima Labor Shas Gil |
| Legislature Status: | Coalition government |
| Opposition Party: | Likud |
| Opposition Leader: | Binyamin Netanyahu |
| Election: | 2006 |
| Legislature Term: | 17th Knesset |
| Previous: | Thirtieth government |
| Successor: | thirty-second government |
The thirty-first government of Israel was formed by Ehud Olmert on 4 May 2006, following Kadima's victory in the March elections. His coalition initially included Labor, Shas and Gil,[1] and held 67 of the 120 seats in the Knesset. The 11-seat Yisrael Beiteinu joined the coalition in November 2006, but left on 16 January 2008 in protest at peace talks with the Palestinian National Authority.[2] With the inclusion of the Labor Party's Raleb Majadele as a Minister without Portfolio on 29 January 2007, it became the first Israeli cabinet to have a Muslim minister.[3] The makeup of the coalition resulted in a center-left government.[4] [5]
The government held office until Benjamin Netanyahu formed the thirty-second government on 31 March 2009, following elections the month before.
1 Peres left office when elected President.
2 Barak replaced Peretz when he defeated him in the party leadership election.
3 Pines-Paz resigned from the government in protest at the inclusion of Yisrael Beiteinu.