| Cabinet Name: | Third Eshkol Cabinet |
| Cabinet Number: | 13th |
| Jurisdiction: | Israel |
| Flag: | Flag of Israel.svg |
| Flag Border: | true |
| Government Head: | Levi Eshkol (until 26 February 1969) Yigal Allon (until 17 March 1969) |
| State Head: | Zalman Shazar |
| Legislature Status: | Coalition |
| Political Parties: | Alignment Labor Party Rafi (from 5 June 1967) National Religious Party Gahal (from 5 June 1967) Independent Liberals Poalei Agudat Yisrael Mapam Progress and Development Cooperation and Brotherhood |
| Previous: | 12th Cabinet of Israel |
| Successor: | 14 Cabinet of Israel |
| Legislature Term: | 6th Knesset |
| Election: | 1965 Israeli legislative election |
| Opposition Leader: | Menachem Begin (until 1967) Yitzhak-Meir Levin (from 1967) |
The thirteenth government of Israel was formed by Levi Eshkol on 12 January 1966,[1] following the November 1965 elections. His coalition included the Alignment (an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda), the National Religious Party, Mapam, the Independent Liberals, Poalei Agudat Yisrael, Progress and Development and Cooperation and Brotherhood, and had eighteen ministers.
On 5 June 1967, the first day of the Six-Day War, Gahal and Rafi joined the government, with the number of ministers rising to 21. Eshkol died on 26 February 1969, and the government was temporarily led by Yigal Allon until Golda Meir formed the fourteenth government on 17 March 1969.
New posts in the government included the Minister of Immigrant Absorption and the Minister of Information.
| Election Name: | Israeli government formation, 1966 |
| Country: | Israel |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Year: | 1964 |
| Next Year: | March 1969 |
| Election Date: | 12 January 1966 |
| 1Blank: | Investiture vote - In favor |
| 2Blank: | Investiture vote - Against |
| 3Blank: | Investiture vote - Abstain |
| Nominee1: | Levi Eshkol |
| Party1: | Alignment (Israel) |
| Color1: | C9021A |
| Electoral Vote1: | 77 |
| Percentage1: | 64.2% |
| Nominee2: | Menachem Begin |
| Party2: | Gahal |
| Electoral Vote2: | 43 |
| Percentage2: | 35.8% |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Party: | Mapai |
| After Election: | Levi Eshkol |
| After Party: | Alignment (Israel) |
ยน Kol was elected to the Knesset on the Independent Liberal list, but resigned his seat after being appointed to the cabinet.
2 Although Barzilai or Bentov were not MKs at the time, both were members of Mapam.
3 Although Shapira was not an MK at the time, he had previously been an MK for Mapai, and w elected to the next Knesset as a member of the Alignment.