Thiostannate Explained

Sulfidostannates, or thiostannates are chemical compounds containing anions composed of tin linked with sulfur. They can be considered as stannates with sulfur substituting for oxygen. Related compounds include the thiosilicates, and thiogermanates, and by varying the chalcogen: selenostannates, and tellurostannates. Oxothiostannates have oxygen in addition to sulfur.[1] Thiostannates can be classed as chalcogenidometalates, thiometallates, chalcogenidotetrelates, thiotetrelates, and chalcogenidostannates. Tin is almost always in the +4 oxidation state in thiostannates, although a couple of mixed sulfides in the +2 state are known,

Some thiostannate minerals are known. In nature the tin can be partly replaced by arsenic, germanium, antimony or indium. Many thiostannate minerals contain copper, silver or lead. In the field of mineralogy, these compound can be termed sulfostannates or sulphostannates.

Different cluster anions are known: [SnS<sub>4</sub>]4–, [SnS<sub>3</sub>]2–, [Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub>]2–, [Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]4–, [Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub>]6–, [Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>8</sub>]2–, [Sn<sub>3</sub>S<sub>7</sub>]2–, [Sn<sub>4</sub>S<sub>9</sub>]2–, [Sn<sub>5</sub>S<sub>12</sub>]4–, or [Sn<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub>]4–.[2]

The number of sulfur atoms coordinated around the tin atom is most commonly four. However there are also complexes with five or six sulfur atoms surrounding the tin. The behaviour for selenium and tellurium differs as only five selenium or four tellurium atoms can bind to a tin atom. The smaller germanium atom can only accommodate four sulfur atoms. For lead it is hard for it to be in the +4 oxidation state. The SnSn polyhedrons can be standalone in strongly alkaline conditions, or at higher concentrations or less alkaline can condense together. Polyhedra shapes are tetrahedron for four, trigonal bipyramid for five, and octahedron for six sulfur atoms. The polyhedra can be connected at a vertex (corner), or at an edge. Where connected at an edge, four membered rings of -SnSSnS- with internal angles close to 90°.[3] [Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub>]6– is corner bridged. Tetrahedra linked by at the corner by a disulfur bridge are unknown.

Sn10O4S208- is a supertetrahedron made from 1, 3 and 6 tin atoms connected by oxygen on the interior and sulfur on the surface.

For anions with formula SnxSy the condensation ratio c is given by . It can vary from to just below .

Synthesis

The first human production of a thiostannate heated tin oxide with sodium carbonate and sulfur:[4]

2SnO2 + 2Na2CO3 + 9S → 2Na2SnS3 + 2CO2 + 3SO2

Transition metal complexes may be prepared by crystallisation from the ligand solvent.

Copper(II) is normally reduced by sulfide S2- in thiostannates to copper(I).[5]

Anions

formulanamecoordinationdimensionalitydescription
[SnS<sub>4</sub>]4−40tetrahedra
[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]4−bis(μ-sulfido)-tetrathiolato-di-tin40edge shared
[Sn<sub>3</sub>S<sub>9</sub>]6−1,3,5,2,4,6-trithiatristanninane-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexakis(thiolate)406 membered ring
[Sn<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub>]4-40tetrameric adamantane-like : tetrahedron of tetrahedra, 6 bridging sulfur, 4 terminal sulfur

Reactions

Some hydrates are unstable, where water reacts with the sulfide to make hydrogen sulfide gas.

List

formulasystemspace groupunit cell Åvolumedensitycomment
Li4SnS4orthorhombicPnmaa=13.812 b=7.962 c=6.370[6]
[Li<sub>8</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>29</sub>][Sn<sub>10</sub>O<sub>4</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]·2H2OtriclinicPa = 11.232, b = 13.097, c = 23.735, α = 102.73°, β = 90.43°, γ = 93.44°, Z = 23399oxothiostannate[7]
(NH4)4Sn2S6·3H2OorthorhombicP41212a =8.56294 b =8.56294 c= 22.7703[8]
(NH4)6Sn3S9·1.3H2OmonoclinicC2a 16.9872 b 10.54777 c 21.0871 β 108.0389°3592.62.154colourless[9]
[(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NH]2Sn3S7
[(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N]2Sn3S7·H2O
[(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N]4Sn4S10
[(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N]2Sn3S7
[(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N]2Sn4S9
[(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N]2Sn4S9
[(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N][(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NH]Sn4S9
(C12H25NH3)4Sn2S6 ·2H2O
[dabcoH]2Sn3S7
(Et4N)2Sn(S4)3
(Et4N)2Sn(S4)2(S6)
((CH3C(NH2)2)8Sn2S6SnS4monoclinicC 1 2/m 1a=23.7739 b=16.0647 c=11.8936 β=99.029 Z=44486.11.702colourless
((CH3)2NH2)(NH4)SnS3 dimethylammonium ammoniumorthorhombicP212121a=5.9393 b=12.1816 c=12.4709 Z=4902.262.054colourless
(DBNH)2Sn3S6 DBN=1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-eneSn(II) and Sn(IV)[10]
(1AEP)2Sn3S7 1AEP = 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperidineorthorhombicP212121a=13.2299 b= 22.2673 c=9.0772 Z=42674.1pale yellow[11]
SnS2·enmonoclinicC2/ca 15.317 b 10.443 c 12.754, β 93.62°[12]
[''en''H]4[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·entriclinicPa 9.8770 b 9.9340 c 15.4230, α 72.630° β 86.220° γ 81.380°
Na2SnS3Rma=3.834 c=19.876 Z=22533.43[13]
Na4SnS4tetragonalP21ca=7.837 c=6.9504272.64
Na4Sn2S6
Na4Sn2S6·14H2OtriclinicPa=10.114 b=7.027 c=9.801 α=108.30 β=92.18 γ=91.11 Z=16631.95
Na4SnS4·14H2OmonoclinicC2/ca=8.622 b=23.534 c=11.347 β=110.53 Z=421561.82
Na4Sn3S8
Na5[SnS<sub>4</sub>]Cl·13H2OmonoclinicP21/ma=8.4335 b=11.4958 c=11.5609 β=91.066 Z=21120.631.872
Na4Sn2S6·5H2O
Na6Sn2S7C2/ca=9.395 b=10.719 c=15.671 β=109.97 Z=414832.69
Mg2SnS4orthorhombicPnmaa=12.93 b=7.52 c=6.16 Z=45993.28
Na2MgSnS4Rma 3.7496 b 3.7496 c 19.9130[14]
(Ph4P)2Sn(S4)3
K2SnS3 ·2H2O
K2SnS3·2H2OorthorhombicPnmaa=6.429 b=15.621 c=10.569 Z=410612.06
K2Sn2S5
K2Sn3S7 ·H2O
[K<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>][SnS<sub>4</sub>][15]
Ca2SnS4orthorhombicPnmaa=13.74 b=8.23 c=6.44 Z=47282.99
[H<sub>2</sub>tepa][V<sup>III</sup>(tepa)(μ-Sn<sub>2</sub>Q<sub>6</sub>)]2orthorhombicAbm2a =7.7486 b =40.410 c =16.745[16]
Mn2SnS4tetragonalI41/aa=7.408 c=10.41 Z=85714.15
[Mn(en)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]monoclinicC2/ca=15.138 b=10.6533 c=23.586 β=118.42 Z=43345.21.787colourless[17]
[Mn(en)<sub>3</sub>]2Sn2S6·2H2OmonoclinicP21/ca=10.129, b=15.746, c=11.524, β=102.36° Z=21795.51.732[18]
[Mn(en)<sub>2</sub>]2(μ-en)[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]triclinica=9.0017 b=9.7735 c=10.8421 α=60.38° β=67.23° γ=70.25°752.38
[Mn(dien)<sub>2</sub>]2Sn2S6monoclinicP21/ca=12.48 12, b= 9.3760, c=17.7617, β=121.752°, Z=2,1767.51.789
[Mn(tren)]2Sn2S6triclinicPa 7.653 b 8.088 c 12.200, α 97.27° β 104.06° γ 108.80° Z=1676.02.044yellow[19]
[Mn(tren)(H<sub>2</sub>O)][Mn(baen)]3Mn4Sn6S20∙9H2OorthorhombicP213a =21.404 b =21.404 c= 21.404super tetrahedron[20]
2(μ-Sn2S6)tetragonalI41/aa=25.977 c=10.041 Z=867751.800yellow
·4H2OmonoclinicP21/ca 10.8446 b 20.974 c 13.2746 β 113.487°[21]
monoclinicP21/na =10.8230 b=9.8940 c=24.811 β=91.356°[22]
·phentriclinicPa=10.0642 b=10.6249 c=13.693, α=71.700° β=81.458° γ=84.346°
·phen·H2O phen = 1,10-phenanthrolinetriclinicPa=11.3203 b=12.1436 c=12.7586, α=113.200° β=90.908° γ=110.974°
[Mn(phen)]2(SnS4)·H2OmonoclinicC2/ma=16.146 b=19.262 c=9.938 β=124.970 Z=42532.61.928red chain[23]
·H2OtriclinicPa=10.8703 b=12.5183 c=14.9644, α=103.381° β=108.390° γ=101.636°
[24]
(1,4-dabH)2MnSnS4 1,4-dab = 1,4-diaminobutaneorthorhombicFdd2a = 22.812, b = 24.789, c = 6.4153, Z = 83627.8[25]
Li4MnSn2Se7monoclinicCca=18.126 b=7.2209 c=10.740 β=93.43 Z=41403.24.132orange[26]
Fe2SnS4tetragonalI41/aa=7.308 c=10.338 Z=45524.32
tetragonalI41/a[27]
·2(1,2-dachH)
·phen·H2O
[Co(en)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]orthorhombicPbcaa=15.640 b=11.564 c=18.742 Z=42289.71.779yellow
[Co(dien)<sub>2</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]
[Co<sub>2</sub>(cyclam)<sub>2</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·2H2O[28]
[Co(tren)]2Sn2S6monoclinicC2/ca=12.228 b=9.7528 c=23.285 β=102.902706.8
n·2nH2O cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane
tepa=tetraethylenepentaminetetragonalI41/aa=25.742 c=9.8986558
·phen·H2O
[Co(2-(aminomethyl)pyridine)<sub>3</sub>]2Sn2S6·10H2O (2amp)monoclinicP21/ca=10.1443 b=14.6124 c=18.8842 β=90.601° Z=22799.11.633yellow[29]
[Co(''trans''-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)<sub>3</sub>]2Sn2S6·8H2O (dach)monoclinicP21/na=12.6521 b=11.7187 c=20.4386 β=91.262° Z=23029.61.509red
Ni6SnS2 ButianitetetragonalI4/mmma = 3.650, c = 18.141 Z=2241.77.62opaque[30]
[Ni(en)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]
[Ni(dap)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·2H2O dap=1,2-diaminopropanetriclinicPa=9.9046 b=10.527 c=11.319 α =72.13° β =85.19° γ =63.63°1004.5
[Ni(1,2-dach)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·4H2O 1,2-dach = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane
[Ni(dien)<sub>2</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]
·2(ClO4)·19H2Ocyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane[31]
[Ni(cyclen)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]4[Sn<sub>10</sub>S<sub>20</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]·~13H2O
·2(ClO4)·19H2OmonoclinicC2/ca=25.7223 b=15.6522 c=29.070 β=105.879 Z=4112571.863oxothiostannate[32]
[Ni(2amp)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·9.5H2O 2amp = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridinemonoclinicP21/na=18.7021 b=14.6141 c=20.2591 β=97.696 Z=45487.21.655purple
[Ni(aepa)<sub>2</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>] aepa=N-2-aminoethyl-1,3-propandiamine
[Ni(tren)]2Sn2S6monoclinicC2/ca=23.371 b=8.231 c=14.274 β =107.230 Z=42622.62.127[33]
[Ni(tren)<sub>2</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·8H2OorthorhombicP42/na=26.1885 b=26.1885 c=11.1122[34]
[Ni(tren)(2amp)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]triclinicPa =10.2878 b =11.1100 c =11.4206, α =84.740° β =84.395° γ =79.093°
[Ni(tren)(2amp)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·10H2OmonoclinicP21/na =12.1933 b =13.4025 c =14.8920 β= 103.090°[35]
[Ni(tren)(en)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·2H2OmonoclinicP21/na 12.7041 b 9.8000 c 15.3989, β 108.843°
[Ni(tren)(en)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·6H2OmonoclinicP21/na 12.5580 b 9.7089 c 16.0359, β 91.827°
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dach)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·3H2OtriclinicPa 9.8121 b 10.0080 c 12.422, α 86.38° β 79.65° γ 65.72°
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dach)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·4H2OmonoclinicP21/na 10.7119 b 19.0797 c 11.1005, β 104.803°
·2H2O
monoclinicP21/n
·2,2′-bipymonoclinicP21/na=10.5715 b=9.9086 c=24.9960 β=92.800 Z=22615.171.809deep red[36]
·4,4′-bipy·½H2O 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridinemonoclinicC2/ca=18.3431 b=19.4475 c=15.0835 β=95.556 Z=45355.41.789dark red-brown
·phen·H2O
[Ni(L<sub>1</sub>)][Ni(L<sub>1</sub>)Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]n·2H2O L1 = 1,8-dimethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecanemonoclinicP21/c[37]
[Ni(L<sub>2</sub>)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·4H2O L2 = 1,8-diethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecanetriclinicP
[Ni(tren)(ma)(H<sub>2</sub>O)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·4H2O ma = methylaminemonoclinicP21/na=11.1715 b=10.5384 c=15.8594 Z=21827.451.835
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dap)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·2H2OmonoclinicP21/na=12.9264 b=10.1627 c=15.6585 Z=21889.81.799
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dap)]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·4H2OmonoclinicC2/ca =14.3925 b=15.1550 c=18.9307, β=99.108°
[Ni(2amp)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]·9.5H2O 2amp = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridinemonoclinicP21/na=18.7021 b=14.6141 c=20.2591 Z=45487.231.655purple
Cu2SnS3 Mohitemonoclinica=23.10 b=6.25 c=6.25 β=101.0°4.69greenish grey[38]
Cu3SnS4 KuramitetetragonalI2ma = 5.445, c = 10.75, Z = 2318.724.56[39]
Cu4SnS4orthorhombicPnmaa=13.70 b=7.750 c=6.454 Z=46854.96
Cu4SnS6 ErazoiterhombohedralR3ma = 3.739, c = 32.941, Z = 24.53black[40]
Cu4Sn7S16monoclinica=12.75 b=7.34 c=12.71 β=109.5 Z=211214.74
(DBUH)CuSnS3 DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enemonoclinicP21/na=9.254 b=8.6190 c=18.135, β=92.80°[41]
(1,4-dabH2)Cu2SnS4 1,4-dab = 1,4-diaminobutanetetragonalP42/na=14.539 c=11.478
(enH)6Cu40Sn15S60 en=ethylenediaminecubicPnna=25.260 Z=4161192.727black[42]
(enH)3Cu7Sn4S12trigonalRca=13.532 c=28.933 Z=645883.23red
[H<sub>2</sub>en]2[Cu<sub>8</sub>Sn<sub>3</sub>S<sub>12</sub>]
(trenH3)Cu7Sn4S12 tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine)trigonalR3ca=13.1059 c=29.347 Z=64365.43.317
[dienH<sub>2</sub>][Cu<sub>2</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]
[DBUH][CuSnS<sub>3</sub>] DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
[1,4-dabH<sub>2</sub>][Cu<sub>2</sub>SnS<sub>4</sub>]
·2H2O cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanetriclinicPa=9.0580 b=9.9419 c=10.2352, α=97.068° β=94.314° γ=101.514°
(DBNH)2Cu6Sn2S8 DBN=1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-ene
[Co(2-(aminomethyl)pyridine)<sub>3</sub>]2 Sn2S6·10H2OmonoclinicP21/ca=10.1443 b=14.6124 c=18.8842 β=90.601° Z=22799.11.633yellow; unstable[43]
[Co(''trans''-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)<sub>3</sub>]2Sn2S6·8H2OmonoclinicP21/na=12.6521 b=11.7187 c=20.4386 β=91.262° Z=23029.61.509red
Na4Cu32Sn12S48·4H2OcubicFmca = 17.921 z = 13black; absorption edge 2.0 eV[44]
CuAlSnS4cubica=10.28 Z=810744.17
K11Cu32Sn12S48·4H2OcubicFmca = 18.0559 z = 14.75black; absorption edge 1.9 eV[45]
Cu2MnSnS4tetragonala=5.49 c=10.72 Z=23234.41
Cu2FeSnS4 Stannite FerrokësteritetetragonalI2ma = 5.4432, c = 10.7299 Z=2317.91grey[46]
Cu2FeSn3S8tetragonalI41/aa=7.29 c=10.31 Z=25484.82
Cu6Fe2SnS8 MawsoniteTetragonalPm2a = 7.603, c = 5.358 Z=13094.65brownish orange[47]
Cu6FeSn2S8 ChatkaliteTetragonalPm2a = 7.61, c = 5.373 Z=1311.15.00[48]
Cu2CoSnS4TetragonalI2ma=5.402 c=10.805 Z=23154.56
Cu2NiSnS4a=5.425 Z=11604.49
Cu13VSn3S16 Nekrasoviteisometrica=10.731,235brown[49]
[Zn(en)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]orthorhombicPbcaa=15.452 b=11.524 c=18.614 Z=43315.31.845colourless
2(μ-Sn2S6)monoclinicC2/ca 12.214 b 9.726 c 23.209 β 102.732°2689.32.107light yellow[50]
Cu2ZnSnS4 KësteritetetragonalIa = 5.427, c = 10.871 Z=2320.184.55greenish black[51]
Cu6+Cu22+(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 Stannoiditeorthorhombica = 10.76, b = 5.4, c = 16.09934.94.68brass[52]
Cu3(V,Ge,Sn)S4 Ge-Sn-Sulvanite361[53]
SnGeS3 StangersitemonoclinicP21/ba = 7.270, b = 10.197, c = 6.846 β = 105.34° Z=44893.98orange
Rb4SnS4
Rb4Sn2S6
Rb2Sn3S7·2H2O
Rb2Cu2SnS4orthorhombicIbama=5.528 b=11.418 c=13.700 Z=48654.185band gap 2.08 eV[54]
Rb2Cu2Sn2S6monoclinicC2/ca=11.026 b=11.019 c=20.299 β=97.79 Z=824443.956band gap 1.44 eV
Rb2ZnSn3S8[55]
[Rb<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>][SnS<sub>4</sub>]
Sr3MnSn2S8cubicI3da = 14.2287 Z = 82880.73.743dark green[56]
Cu2SrSnS4trigonalP31a = 6.29, c = 15.57 Z=35344.31[57]
Sr6Cu4Sn4S16cubicI3da=13.98227344.295yellow[58]
Sr6Cu2FeSn4S16cubicI3da=14.1349band gap 1.53 eV[59]
SrSnS3orthorhombicPnmaa=8.264 b=3.867 c=14.116 Z=44514.45
[Y<sub>2</sub>(dien)<sub>4</sub>(μ-OH)<sub>2</sub>]Sn2S6monoclinicP21/na=11.854 b=11.449 c=13.803 β=97.978 Z=218551.888light yellow[60]
α-Ag8SnS6cubica=21.439842
β-Ag8SnS6cubica=10.851277
Ag8SnS6 Canfielditeorthorhombica = 15.298, b = 7.548, c = 10.699 Z=41,235.46.311metallic[61]
Na3AgSnS4monoclinicP21/ca 8.109 b 6.483 c 15.941, α 90° β 103.713double chain[62]
AgCrSnS4cubica=10.74 Z=812394.92
Ag2MnSnS4 – Agmantiniteorthorhombica = 6.632, b = 6.922, c = 8.156 Z=24.574orange[63]
Ag2ZnSnS4 PirquitasitetetragonalIa = 5.78, c = 10.82361black[64]
Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 HocartitetetragonalI2ma = 5.74, c = 10.96 Z=23614.77brownish grey[65]
Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 Toyohaitetetragonalgrey[66]
[enH][Cu<sub>2</sub>AgSnS<sub>4</sub>]orthorhombicPnmaa=19.7256 b=7.8544 c= 6.5083 Z=41008.33.577red[67]
Ag2SrSnS4orthorhombica=7.127 b=8.117 c=6.854 Z=23975.02
Sr6Ag4Sn4S16cubicI3da=14.2219 Z=42876.64.491yellow
Sr6Ag2FeSn4S16cubicI3da=14.2766band gap 1.87 eV
[1,4-dabH<sub>2</sub>][Ag<sub>2</sub>SnS<sub>4</sub>] 1,4-dab = 1,4-diaminobutanetetragonalP42/na = 14.7847, c = 11.9087, Z = 82603.1[68]
[H<sub>2</sub>en][Ag<sub>2</sub>SnS<sub>4</sub>]
[CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]2Ag4SnIV2SnIIS8orthorhombicPnmaa =19.378 b =7.390 c =13.683 Z=419593.756Orange Sn(II)[69]
[CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]6Ag12Sn6S21monoclinicP21/ca =18.8646 b =19.9115 c =14.3125 β 100.117°[70]
[(Me)<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>]3[Ag<sub>5</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub>Se<sub>12</sub>]tetragonalP21ma=13.998 c=8.685 Z=21701.94.403dark red[71]
[enH][Cu<sub>2</sub>AgSnS<sub>4</sub>]
Cu2CdSnS4I2ma=5.402 c=10.86 Z=23384.77
Ag2CdSnS4Cmc21a=4.111 b=7.038 c=6.685 Z=11934.95
Cu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4 ČernýitetetragonalI2ma = 5.48, c = 10.828 Z=43264.76metallic[72]
CuInSnS4a=10.50 Z=811584.91
AgInSnS4a=10.16 Z=810484.59
(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 Petrukiteorthorhombica = 7.66, b = 6.43, c = 6.26308brown[73]
(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Sakuraiiteisometrica = 5.46 Z=1162greenish grey[74]
Sn2S3orthorhombicPnmaa=8.864 b=3.7471 c=14.020 Z=44664.76
Cs4SnS40d
Cs2Sn3S7 ·0.5S82d
Cs4Sn5S12·2H2O2d
[Cs<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>][SnS<sub>4</sub>]
Cs2Sn(S4)2(S6)
Cs8Sn10O4S20·13H2O
[Cs<sub>10</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>18</sub>][Mn<sub>4</sub>(''μ''<sub>4</sub>-S)(SnS<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]
Cs2ZnSn3S8monoclinicP21/na 7.5366 b 17.6947 c 12.4976, β=94.830° Z=41660.73.775layered, band gap 3. eV
[Ba<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>11</sub>][SnS<sub>4</sub>]
Li2Ba6MnSn4S16cubicI3da=14.6080 Z=43117.34.007light yellow[75]
Ag2Ba6MnSn4S16cubicI3da=14.7064 Z=43180.74.349yellow
Ag2BaSnS4orthorhombicI222a =7.127 b =8.117 c =6.854 Z=2black[76]
Ba3Ag2Sn2S8[77]
BaSnS2Sn(II)[78]
BaSn2S3Sn(II)
BaSnS3orthorhombicPnmaa=8.527 b=3.933 c=14.515 Z=44874.8
BaSnS3monoclinicC2/c Cca=24.49 b=6.354 c=23.09 β=90.15 Z=2835934.55
α-Ba2SnS4monoclinicP21/ca=8.481 b=8.526 c=12.280 β=112.97 Z=48184.24
β-Ba2SnS4orthorhombicPnmaa=17.823 b=7.359 c=12.61316544.18
Ba3Sn2S7monoclinicP21/ca=11.073 b=6.771 c=18.703 β=100.77 Z=413784.21
K2BaSnS4R3ca 25.419 c 7.497band gap 3.09 eV; SHG 0.5×AgGaS2[79]
Ba6Cu2FeSn4S16cubicI3da=14.5260band gap 1.2 eV
Ba6Cu2NiSn4S16cubicI3da=14.511band gap 0.82 eV
Ba6Li2ZnSn4S16cubicI3da=14.5924[80]
Ba6Ag2ZnSn4S16cubicI3da=14.6839
BaCdSnS4orthorhombicFdd2a=21.57 b=21.76 c=13.110 Z=3261524.290yellow[81]
Ba3CdSn2S8cubicI3da=14.723[82]
Ba6CdAg2Sn4S16cubicI3da=14.725
La2SnS5orthorhombicPbama=11.22 b=7.915 c=3.97 Z=23525.26
[La(dien)<sub>3</sub>]2[Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]Cl2band gap 3.25 eV[83]
La(peha)(μ–SnS4H) peha=pentaethylenehexaminetriclinicPa 8.609 b 9.327 c 14.649, α 79.2° β 85.5° γ 63.74°[84]
BaCeSn2S6orthorhombicPmc21a 4.0665 b 19.859 c 11.873[85]
BaPrSn2S6orthorhombicPmc21a 4.0478 b 19.8914 c 11.9303
BaNdSn2S6orthorhombicPmc21a 4.0098 b 19.761 c 11.841
[Nd<sub>2</sub>(en)<sub>6</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>-OH)<sub>2</sub>]Sn2S6monoclinicP21/na =10.176, b =11.387, c=15.018, β =97.869°[86]
Nd(peha)(μ–SnS4H)triclinicPa 8.621 b 9.372 c 14.656, α 78.28° β 84.33° γ 63.32°
2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2O tepa=tetraethylenepentaminemonoclinicC2/ca=21.537 b=12.863 c=17.697 β=124.308°
[Nd(dien)<sub>3</sub>]2[(Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)Cl<sub>2</sub>] dien = diethylenetriaminemonoclinicP21/na = 11.672, b = 15.119, c = 14.157, β = 96.213°, Z = 42483.6[87]
[Nd(dien)<sub>3</sub>]2[(Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)(SH)<sub>2</sub>]monoclinicP21/na = 11.719, b = 15.217, c = 14.221, β = 95.775°, Z = 42523.1
(tetaH)2[Eu<sub>2</sub>(teta)<sub>2</sub>(tren)<sub>2</sub>(μ-Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)]Sn2S6triclinicPa=9.886 b=10.371 c=17.442 α=89.78 β=88.00 γ=85.14 Z=11780.81.898light yellow
[Eu<sub>2</sub>(tepa)<sub>2</sub>(μ-OH)<sub>2</sub>(μ-Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)](tepa)0.5·H2O tepa = tetraethylene-pentaminemonoclinicC2/ca=19.803 b=14.998 c=17.800 β=126.57 Z=442461.970colourless
[{Eu(en)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(μ-OH)<sub>2</sub>]Sn2S6monoclinicP21/na = 10.116, b = 11.379, c = 14.949, β = 98.209°, Z=21703.1[88]
[{Eu(en)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(μ-OH)<sub>2</sub>]Sn2Se6monoclinicP21/na = 10.136, b = 11.771, c = 15.423, β = 99.322°, Z = 21815.8
[Eu(dien)<sub>3</sub>]2[(Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)(SH)<sub>2</sub>]monoclinicP21/na = 11.656, b = 15.168, c = 14.173, β = 95.682°, Z = 22493.4
(tetaH)2[Sm<sub>2</sub>(teta)<sub>2</sub>(tren)<sub>2</sub>(μ-Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)]Sn2S6triclinicPa=9.920 b=10.382 c=17.520 α=89.91 β=88.07 γ=85.23 Z=11797.11.877light yellow
2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2OmonoclinicC2/ca 21.487 b 12.8199 c 17.716 β 124.675°
[Sm<sub>2</sub>(en)<sub>6</sub>(''μ'' <sub>2</sub>-OH)<sub>2</sub>]Sn2S6monoclinicP21/na 10.129 b 11.377 c 14.962, β 98.128°[89]
[Sm(dien)<sub>3</sub>]2[(Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)Cl<sub>2</sub>]monoclinicP21/na 11.631 b 15.091 c 14.1420 β 96.202°
[Sm(dien)<sub>3</sub>]2[(Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)(SH)<sub>2</sub>]monoclinicP21/na 11.698 b 15.212 c 14.219, β 95.654°
[Sm(trien)(tren)(Cl)]2Sn2S6 · entriclinicPa 10.320 b 10.491 c 13.791, α 100.524° β 91.930° γ 119.083°
2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2OmonoclinicC2/ca 21.455 b 12.804 c 17.735 β 124.81°
[Gd<sub>2</sub>(en)<sub>6</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>-OH)<sub>2</sub>]Sn2S6monoclinicP21/na =10.1053 b =11.357 c =14.924, β = 98.346°
[Gd(dien)<sub>3</sub>]2[(Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>)Cl<sub>2</sub>] dien = diethylenetriaminemonoclinicP21/na =11.662, b =15.168. c 14.185, β =95.696°
2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2OmonoclinicC2/ca 21.363 b 12.717 c 17.654 β 124.915°
[Hen]2[La(en)<sub>4</sub>(CuSn<sub>3</sub>S<sub>9</sub>)]⋅0.5 en[90]
[Hen]2[Ce(en)<sub>4</sub>(CuSn<sub>3</sub>S<sub>9</sub>)]⋅0.5 en
[Hen]4[Nd(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]⋅3 en
[enH]4[Sm(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]·3enmonoclinicC2/ma 14.257 b 24.242 c 13.119 β 92.223°[91]
[Hen]4[Gd(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]⋅3 en
[enH]4[Ho(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]·3enmonoclinicC2/ma 14.3859 b 24.361 c 13.175, β 93.526°
EuCu2SnS4orthorhombicAma2a=10.4793, b=10.3610, c=6.4015, Z=4[92] [93]
[Hen]4[Er(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]⋅3 en
[Hen]4[Er(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Ag<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]·3enmonoclinicC2/ma 14.557 b 24.397 c 13.412 β 94.42°[94]
[Hen]4[Tm(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Ag<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]·3enmonoclinicC2/ma 14.517 b 24.380 c 13.422 β 94.46°
[Hen]4[Yb(en)<sub>4</sub>]2[Ag<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>6</sub>S<sub>20</sub>]·3enmonoclinicC2/ma 14.536 b 24.397 c 13.397, β 94.63°
Cu6SnWS8 KiddcreekiteisometricF3ma = 10.8178 Z=41265.94.934grey[95]
PtSnS BowlesiteorthorhombicPca21a = 6.12 Å, b = 6.12 Å, c = 6.10 Å Z=4228.4710.06metallic[96]
(Pd,Pt)5(Cu,Fe)4SnTe2S2 Oulankaitetetragonala = 9.044, c = 4.937 Z=2403.810.27metallic
K2Au2SnS4triclinicPa=8.212 b=11.019 c=7.314 α=97.82° β=111.72° γ=72.00° Z=2483.24.941band gap 2.75 eV[97]
K2Au2Sn2S6tetragonalP4/mmca=7.968 c=19.200 Z=412194.914band gap 2.30 eV
Cs2Au2SnS4orthorhombicFddda = 6.143 b = 14.296 c = 24.578 Z = 42158.4
Ba[Au<sub>2</sub>SnS<sub>4</sub>]orthorhombicC2221a=6.6387 b=11.0605 c=10.9676 Z=1805.326.418red; blue-green luminescent
K2Hg3Sn2S8[98]
Cu2HgSnS4 VelikitetetrahedralI2ma = 5.55, c = 10.913365.450dark grey[99]
SrHgSnSe4[100]
BaHgSnSe4orthorhombicFdd2a 22.441 b 22.760 c 13.579
EuHgSnS4Ama2a=10.3730 b=10.4380 c=6.5680SHG 1.77×AgGaS2[101]
Tl4SnS40d
Tl2SnS31d
Tl2Sn2S53d
Tl4Sn5S123d
PbSnS2 TealliteorthorhombicPnmaa = 4.26, b = 11.41, c = 4.09198.86.36metallic
PbSnS3 SuredaiteorthorhombicPnmaa=8.738 b=3.792 c=14.052 Z=44666.01metallic
(Pb,Sn)12.5Sn5FeAs3S28 Coiraitemonoclinica = 5.84, b = 5.86, c = 17.32 β = 94.14° Z=45915.92dark grey[102]
Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 FranckeitetriclinicPa = 46.9, b = 5.82, c = 17.3 α = 90°, β = 94.66°, γ = 90° Z=847015.90black[103]
Pb25.7Sn8.3Mn3.4Sb6.4S56.2 Ramositemonoclinica = 5.82, b = 5.92, c = 17.65 β = 99.1°600[104]
Pb3Sn4FeSb2S14 CylindritetriclinicP5.46black[105]
Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 Potosíitetriclinicgrey
(Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 Incaitemonoclinic[106]
Pb2Fe2Sn2Sb2S11 Plumbostannitedark grey[107]
Ba5Pb2Sn3S13orthorhombicPnma[108]
Pb2SnInBiS7 AbramovitetriclinicPa = 23.4, b = 5.77, c = 5.83 α = 89.1°, β = 89.9°, γ = 91.5°786.79metallic[109]
Pb8Sn7Cu3(Bi,Sb)3S28 LévyclauditetriclinicP5.71grey[110]

Notes and References

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  4. Hilbert. Jessica. Näther. Christian. Bensch. Wolfgang. 2017-12-13. Fast Room Temperature Synthesis of the Thiostannate [Ni(2amp) 3 ] 2 [Sn 2 S 6 ]·9.5H 2 O: Crystal Structure and Properties: Fast Room Temperature Synthesis of the Thiostannate [Ni(2amp) 3 ] 2 [Sn 2 S 6 ]·9.5H 2 O: Crystal Structure and Properties. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. en. 643. 23. 1861–1866. 10.1002/zaac.201700193. free.
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