| Illuminates of Thanateros | |
| Abbreviation: | IOT |
| Formation: | 1978 |
| Key People: | Peter J. Carroll Ray Sherwin |
| Purpose: | Chaos magic society |
| Region Served: | Worldwide |
| Website: | |
The Illuminates of Thanateros (IOT) is an international magical organization that focuses on practical group work in chaos magic. The idea was first announced in 1978, while the order proper was formed in 1987. This fraternal magical society has been an important influence on some forms of modern occultism. It has been described as "an unprecedented attempt of institutionalising one of the most individualising currents in the history of ‘Western learned magic’."
The IOT has been described as "the Order for 'serious' Chaos Magicians in the same way that the OTO exists for 'serious' Thelemites." The IOT is considered to be an occult or neoshamanic organization.
The formal name of the group is The Magical Pact of the Illuminates of Thanateros. The name "Thanateros" is a combination of the names "Thanatos" and "Eros", the Greek gods of death and sex, respectively. The idea is that sex and death represent the positive and negative methods of attaining "magical consciousness". The word "Illuminates" refers to the claimed tradition of calling societies where those who have mastered the secrets of magic help bring others to mastership "the Illuminati".
In 1976, Ray Sherwin and Peter Carroll, two young British occultists interested in ritual magic, began to publish a magazine called The New Equinox. Both were connected with a burgeoning occult scene developing around The Phoenix, a metaphysical bookshop in London's East End. Dissatisfied with the state of the magical arts and the deficiencies they saw in the available occult groups, they announced the creation of the Illuminates of Thanateros in a 1978 issue of their magazine.[1] They described it as a new kind of magical order and a meritocracy with strict admission criteria, where membership was based on demonstrable magical ability, rather than on invitation by members. They described the IOT as a "spiritual heir" to the Zos Kia Cultus and a "fusion of Thelemic Magick, Tantra, The Sorceries of Zos and Tao".[2] Subsequently, the group has sought to legitimize itself less through tradition and more through results-based experimentation.
The group's formation was heavily affected by anarchic and countercultural ideas and in their descriptions of the practice of chaos magic, "chaos is depicted not simply as a cosmic force, but as a call to action and destabilization against the establishment and against reality itself." In contrast to established neopagan, occultist or esoteric Christian magical organizations, it took its experimentalist approach and many of its concepts from science, especially chaos theory, as many of its early members were scientists.[3]
The group says about itself that in its early years, it was "rarely more than a loose correspondence network and a few people meeting for rituals in East Morton" and that the sustained organization was established only in 1987.[4] By 1989 it had grown to 130 members worldwide.[5] Members included Timothy Leary and Robert Anton Wilson,[6] as well as William Burroughs.[7]
In the early 1990s the order experienced a schism as a result of conflicts about the doctrine of 'ice magick',[8] a major proponent of which was Ralph Tegtmeier.[9]
Peter Carroll learned more about the racial doctrines that Tegtmeier was teaching, and criticized him for it. That led to an untenable conflict between Carroll and Tegtmeier, which culminated in Tegtmeier and all of his followers seceding. The vast majority of German and Swiss members left the order, which constituted about 30% of the order's total membership.[10] Ralph Tegtmeier and a few others were subsequently excommunicated.
After publishing Liber Kaos, Carroll retired from active participation in the order, though he remains on good terms with many of the longstanding members.[11]
The group claims to have been "constantly evolving" and grown highly diverse,[12] and has grown to include local representations in additional regions such as Bulgaria,[13] France,[14] Greece,[15] Poland.[16] It maintains various social media channels and regularly offers events that are open to non-members.[17]