The Real Explained

See main article: Horror vacui (physics) and The Void (philosophy). In continental philosophy, the Real refers to the demarcation of reality that is correlated with subjectivity and intentionality.[1] [2] In Lacanianism, it is an "impossible" category because of its opposition to expression and inconceivability.[3] [4] The Real Order is a topological ring (lalangue) and ex-ists as an infinite homonym.[5] [6]

In human geography and depth psychology

See main article: Praxis (process), Limit-experience, Transparent eyeball, Overview effect and Anamorphosis.

See also: Postmodern literature, Simulacrum, Anima mundi, Rhizome (philosophy) and The Misanthrope.

The Real is the intelligible form of the horizon of truth of the field-of-objects that has been disclosed.[7] [8] As the Real Order of the Borromean knot in Lacanianism,[9] it is opposed in the unconscious to the Imaginary, which encompasses fantasy, dreams and hallucinations.[10] [11] [12] In depth psychology and human geography, the Real can be described as a "negative space", analogous to a "black hole", a philosophical void of sociality and subjectivity, a traumatic consensus of intersubjectivity, or as an absolute noumenalness between signifiers. Lewis states that the Real can be a presence or is a substance and cites Derrida's claim that the real is authenticity.[13]

Jacques Lacan defines the Real as a plenum, a nature beyond culture that is contradistinct from the ontic.[14] [15] [16] The Lacanian real is a section of the triadic, Borromean knot: the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real; the center of the knot is the sinthome (monad-soul).[17]

Thing-ness

See main article: Thing theory.

Felluga states that Bill Brown's Thing is conceptually close to the Real, as it is a type of unreliableness of the relation between subject and object that is neither subject nor object.[18]

Discourse of the subject

See main article: Four discourses and Discourse analysis.

See also: Alterity and Autoethnography.

A master signifier (S1) organizes narrative (S2): a defensive form of discourse that is an ideological reaction to the Real: i.e., mythic explanation, hero's journey, storytelling, theme, pathos, ethos, plot, conflict, closure. The real subject (as id) is repressed (via aphanisis) by the imaginary-signified ego's ideologizing overtop of the real instincts. Narrative speech (parole) is an attempt to resolve the Real-Imaginary aporia (langue) concerning events.[19]

Psychotic discourse

See main article: Paranoia.

See also: Private language argument, Hermeneutics of suspicion and Fallacy of the single cause.

Felluga states that Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's term antagonism, as a societal limit that sits outside of society's articulation, functions similarly to the Real.[20]

Hurst states that, in principle, self-analysis (analyst's discourse) might prevent an analyst from retrogressing to the ideological position of the master's discourse (i.e., King in The Purloined Letter).[21]

The phallic signifier and castration

See also: Lord–bondsman dialectic and Anima and animus.

The ineffable, unary signifier of lack (phallus) stitches the unconscious drives to jouissance, dialectically bridging language and desire (logos and eros, the Apollonian and the Dionysian).

Drives

See main article: Drive theory.

Barthes reflects that the inner voice of the subject is structured in a triad of "Presence" (frustration) created by the maternal Other, "Intermittence" (castration anxiety) over the loss of the phallus as an imaginary object taken by the real father, and "Absence" (privation) that occurs from losing the phallus from the imaginary father; (symbolic desire separates from real need and becomes imaginary demand) (q.v., Lacan's graph of desire).[22] [23] [24] [25]

In neurosis

See main article: Différance.

Hurst argues that the Lacanian Real parallels Derrida's concept of différance.[26] Lewis states that lalangue is the arche-writing repetition that reveals the real subject through différance.[27] Guattari states that temporal différance is secreted from obsessional neurosis.[28]

Hysteric's discourse

See also: Heraclitus, Nihilism, Existential quantification and Universal quantification.

The hysteric's discourse is driven by the Real, where object (a) is at an impossible-to-find truth.[29] [30] Neither individuation nor differentiation can happen in the stagnancy of the Real.[31] [32]

The three categories of hysteria — conversion hysteria, anxiety hysteria, and traumatic hysteria — have a basis in alienation, with an identification to those-without-the-phallus, and a self-sacrifice through displacement.[33] Hurst states that masculine libidinal hysteria breaches the paranoid-schizoid position of masculine fanaticism by attempting to make the Real appear, whereas feminine libidinal hysteria breaches the Nietzschean radical nihilism of Hegel's "eternal irony" by resisting the Symbolic Order.[34]

=Artistic discourse

=

See main article: Anxiety of influence.

See also: Iconography and Demiurge.

Artistic discourse is a pneuma of neurosis-psychosis hallucinatory hysteria, a poetic-real microcosm of the True-Real.[35] [36] [37]

Signs of the real

See also: Reaction formation and Complex (psychology).

Tuché is an Aristotelian-borrowed term to describe the traumatic encounter-kernel of the Real and automaton to describe the repetitive transference process of symbolizing the Real.[38] [39]

The Symbolic introduces "a cut in the Real" in the process of signification: "it is the world of words that creates the world of things." Thus the Real emerges as that which is outside language, making it "that which resists symbolization absolutely".[40] The logos of the Symbolic creates the Order of the Real; the Real and kairos divide the logos, resist symbolization, and anticipate being symbolized.

Signifiers of this experience are Lacan's jouissance, Marx's theory of alienation, the numinous, psychological trauma, transcendence, the sublime or a fractured ideology; particularly, it can be a narrative that separates signifiers from conscious desire-quest (i.e., narcissistic injury).

Jouissance

See main article: Jouissance.

See also: Philosophy of suicide, Thanatos and Saturn (mythology).

Julia Kristeva, particularly in her 1980 essay Powers of Horror, posits that the super-ego's abjection facilitates a subjective traumatic limit between subject and objects, with the Real, through ego-object loss and castration of surplus jouissance. Hurst references Žižek: for any event that converges on a collapsed Symbolic Order, is a where Antigone becomes the Thing.[41] Lacanian Being-for-death is a death drive for its telos (i.e., sublimity).[42] [43] [44]

Unreal vs real(2)

See main article: Khôra.

See also: Conatus and Greek underworld.

The unreal-unnameable organ called a lamella (or libido as a symbiotic, pre-Oedipal, pre-symbolic Real(1) before-signified-who-ness) is distinct from the Real(2) after-signifier-what-ness, which a subject experiences at the limits of the Imaginary and Symbolic. Real(1) is a continuous, "whole" reality that is undivided by language, while Real(2) is the space of the possibility of abjection being raised wherever there is interference in the path of the object of the ego, including the experience of surplus jouissance which threatens to surpass a subject's boundaries; Kristeva remarks that this experience "takes the ego back to its source", i.e., the id.[45] [46]

Somatization

See main article: Somatization.

See also: Attachment theory, Psychological trauma and The medium is the message.

Malcolm Bowie interprets the Lacanian real as ineffable (i.e., uncanny).

Historical materialism

See main article: Historical materialism.

See also: Hannah Arendt and Body politic. Fredric Jameson interprets Lacan's real through a Marxist-Hegelian lens as meaning "History itself", a narrative symptom of the event.[47] [48]

In afro-pessimism

See main article: Afro-pessimism (United States).

See also: Intersectionality, Postcolonialism and Creation ex materia.

Marriott examines Fanon: white people's gaze and dehumanization of black people through objectification, creating a desire for the absent object-of-identity in marginalized individuals that is destroyed through racist signification.[49] George states that race is an objet a confrontation with jouissance and lack.[50] George posits that the history of slavery in the United States and racism are within the Real (e.g., Beloved).[51] Crockett references W. E. B. Du Bois in relation to a Real critique of the Symbolic through a point of view from the angle of double consciousness.[52]

Sinthome

See main article: Sinthome and Free association (psychology).

See also: Trompe-l'œil, Haecceity, Ship of Theseus and Private language argument.

In practice, Lacanian psychoanalysis derives the event by gazing at the resistance and transference to identify the automaton mechanisms of the Thing (viz., foreclosure, repression, and disavowal) that are utilized to anamorphosically read where the signifiers are hiding the symptomatic objet petit (a), rendering the real subject.

Subject-as-metaphor

See main article: Will (philosophy) and Condensation (psychology).

See also: Ananke, Postmodern philosophy and Crossroads (folklore).

The void is what the subject finds through interrogation of oneself. The subject existentially navigates an inward, metaphorical and vacuous desert or ocean, unguided by the psychoanalytic metaphor of God's "Original Presence". Premodern philosophers also thought up a formless chora, a pre-universal "chaos", and the experience of horror vacui;[53] these conceptions of an unguided ego confronting the void informed psychoanalysis.[54] It prefigured Lacan's outline of how the subject-as-metaphor, later the analysand, encounters the Real and how this experience is slated in analysis to give rise to pathologies, particularly anxieties and traumas. In psychoanalysis, the subject appears either as transference, repression or as the barrier separating the signifier over the signified. Subjective experience is a paradoxical extension inseparable from the experience of place, landscape, and body, which can be conveyed as utopia, dystopia, or pantheon.

Philosophers reveal the Real engulfing the ego in a comparatively unfamiliar and defamiliarizing space, and the subject's dystonic feelings of confrontation. The geographical self as described in human geography, or alternatively the "makanthropos" as described by Schopenhauer, feels Cartesian anxiety, a confusion of certainty in reason, from the experience of this formless void.

Resistance

See main article: Resistance (psychoanalysis), Self-deception and Name of the Father.

See also: Transtheoretical model, Positive disintegration, Reverse psychology and Negative capability.

An impasse is the resistance between the real and the imaginary that affects the therapeutic alliance, wherein the client is at odds with the Transcendent Function of the therapist's mind as mediation to the Symbolic Order by way of the Signifier-as-God (i.e., discrepancy). Analysis reveals the kernel at the core of the Real through resistance.[55] The finite ego resists the unconscious's infinite lattice of signifiers.[56]

Passe

See main article: Gaze, Oceanic feeling, Other (philosophy) and The Void (philosophy).

See also: Transpersonal psychology, Śūnyatā, Hermetica, Kabbalah and Koan.

Lacan gave the name passe to the analysand's dualistic experience of uncertainty, becoming eclipsed and challenged by a subjective confrontation, that gives way to a feeling of certainty with the Real, e.g. in the temptation of Christ or the desolation of saints; it is "the moment of crisis in a speaking cure in which all subjectivity, the last imaginary residue [of the ego], all self-love falls away" and is replaced by acceptance from the analyst.[57] [58] [59] [60]

Michael Eigen states that a paradox of faith comes from subject-attacking-object (such as in Jung's Answer to Job).[61] The Real, as analogized as an aporia in experience or an encompassing black hole of reality, relates to the Jungian archetype of the Death Mother, the shadow of the Mother archetype, articulated in Neumann's The Great Mother.[62]

The becoming produced under therapy sessions can lead to an ineffable and oceanic experience of the Thing (White interpreting Bion, Eigen, Ogden);[63] the analyst in the Bion school seeks to be an empty container, or empty subject of the void, of the client's projections.[64]

=The real as one-ness

=

See main article: Speculative realism and Immanence.

See also: Object-oriented ontology and Ethics (Spinoza book).

Lerner states that Spinoza's God may be interpreted as the real, with the attribute of Thought as the symbolic.[65] François Laruelle posits the Real as an immanent One.[66]

Interpretations of the real

See main article: Foreclosure (psychoanalysis) and Theory of mind.

See also: Cybernetics, Hermeneutics of suspicion, Variable (mathematics) and Postmodernism.

With Muller, psychosis has no word-thing symbolic mediation: figurative communications function as reified Real objects (e.g., projective identification and bizarre objects). Marriott states that foreclosure is directly connected to ressentiment.[67] Brenner cites Laurent, claiming autistic foreclosure leads to Real castration through manifesting a synthetic mOther (The Death of the Author or barring the subject), as opposed to Symbolic castration within an organic nomos; this existential crisis could theoretically lead to the emergence of a schizoid personality style (dissociation, isolation, and intellectualization); q.v., enantiodromia.[68] [69] [70] Under autistic foreclosure, the autistic subject is un-barred, wherein the signifier feels Real (q.v., synesthesia).[71]

Leeb conjectures that Theodor W. Adorno's concept of the non-identical and Lacan's Real fall under immanent critique.[72]

In schizoanalysis

See main article: Floating signifier and Desiring-production.

See also: Psychophysical parallelism, Psychical nomadism and Carnivalesque.

In critical overviews of the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, the Real has been identified, particularly in readings of A Thousand Plateaus, as the plane of defamiliarized and deterritorialized empty signifiers that approach the uncanny valley, destroyed signs of an imploding gaze, and a-temporal semiotic black holes of faciality. In both the construction and destruction of the "face", a system that "brings together a despotic wall of interconnected signifiers and passional black holes of subjective absorption", there is a split in subjectivity and a confrontation with the Real.[73] The uncanny, the plane of empty signifiers, is found in relations between intersections of the interior-self and exterior-Other, a "return of the repressed" as an eternal return of the path of the objet petit a that disturbs familiarity and further deterritorializes the subject.[74] [75] [76]

Guattari, who throughout the development of his philosophy was critical of Lacan, wrote in the 1979 essay "Logos or Abstract Machines?" that:

When the monad-soul finds inner stability, the autopoietic objet petit a does not lead to introjection (oral stage) nor projection (anal stage): this state is the body without organs, a virtuality of becoming within the plane of immanence. The real is a diagrammatic virtuality of reality (or Nature), onticly surpassing all regimes of signs by the merging of content and expression in the body without organs.[77]

Modalities of the real in Žižek

See main article: Aufheben and Mise en abyme.

See also: Becoming (philosophy), Russell's paradox and Multistability.

Slavoj Žižek divides the gist of the Lacanian Real into "three modalities":[78] [79] [80]

Lewis states that the real-of-the-symbolic is the letter (referenced in Lacan's schemas), and the real-of-the-imaginary is objet petit a.[86]

Žižek cites, as literary examples of the Real which he identifies as "the primordial abyss which swallows everything, dissolving all identities", the eldritch experience of Pip in the ocean in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, regression and the repetition compulsion of characterological desire in death drive within Poe's Maelström,[87] [88] and the climax of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness where Kurtz is in the throes of death.[89] Meanwhile, in his use of film analysis, Žižek states that the real Real can be found in The Full Monty and surreptitiously in The Sound of Music.

Glyn Daly also provided a further elaboration of Žižek's three modalities through his pre-established examples from pop culture:

The real Real is the hard limit that functions as the horrifying Thing (the Alien, Medusa's head, maelstrom and so on) - a shattering force of negation. The symbolic Real refers to the anonymous symbols and codes (scientific formulae, digitalisation, empty signifiers...) that function in an indifferent manner as the abstract "texture" onto which, or out of which, reality is constituted. In The Matrix, for example, the symbolic Real is given expression at the point where Neo perceives "reality" in terms of the abstract streams of digital output. In the contemporary world, Žižek argues that it is capital itself that provides this essential backdrop to our reality and as such represents the symbolic Real of our age. With the "imaginary real" we have precisely the (unsustainable) dimension of fantasmatic excess-negation that is explored in Flatliners. This is why cyberspace is such an ambiguous imaginary realm.[90]

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Shaviro , Steven . 2014. Noncorrelational Thought. The Universe of Things: on Speculative Realism. University of Minnesota Press. 109. 978-0-8166-8926-2. [E]ven when correlationism does posit some sort of 'exteriority' to thought—the Kantian thing in itself, the phenomenological intentional object, or the Lacanian Real—this exteriority still remains 'relative to us...this space of exteriority is merely the space of what faces us, of what exists only as a correlate of our own existence'.
  2. Book: Dor , Joël . Gurewich . Judith . 1999 . The Clinical Lacan . Other Press . 23 . 978-1-892746-05-4 . Editor's note: [...] The Real is reality in its unmediated form. It is what disrupts the subject's received notions about himself and the world around him [...] as a shattering enigma, because in order to make sense of it he or she will have to [...] find signifiers that can ensure its control..
  3. Book: Zupančič , Alenka . 2000 . Ethics of the Real: Kant, Lacan . Verso . 235–237 . 1-85984-218-6.
  4. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 7 The Lacanian Real . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 213–236 . j.ctt13x0dc2.14 . 9780823228744 . The desire for an 'impossible' immortality ('impossible,' in the sense of ineradicably aporetic), he claims, 'is the real that governs our activities more than any other and it is psychoanalysis that designates it for us.'.
  5. Book: Bristow , Daniel . 2022 . Schizostructuralism: Divisions in Structure, Surface, Temporality, Class . Routledge . 37 . 978-1-03-205872-6 . On the infinity of the rings, it becomes clear here that it is only the Real that is truly infinite, in its homonomy..
  6. Book: Kristeva. Julia. Smith. Joseph H.. Kerrigan. William. 1983. Within the Microcosm of 'The Talking Cure'. Interpreting Lacan. Psychiatry and the Humanities. English. 6. Yale University Press. 35. 978-0-300-13581-7. No matter how impossible the real might be, once it is made homogenous with lalangue, it finally becomes part of a topology with the imaginary and the symbolic, a part of that trinary hold from which nothing escapes, not even the 'hole,' since it too is part of the structure..
  7. Book: Merleau-Ponty , Maurice . Maurice Merleau-Ponty . 2002 . 1945 . . Routledge Classcs . 35 . 0-415-27841-4 . The miracle of consciousness consists in its bringing to light, through attention, phenomena which re-establish the unity of the object in a new dimension at the very moment when they destroy it. [...] [attention is] the active constitution of a new object which makes explicit and articulate what was until then presented as no more than an indeterminate horizon..
  8. Book: Lacan. Jacques. Jacques Lacan. Fink. Bruce. Bruce Fink (psychoanalyst). 2006. 1966. Presentation on Psychical Causality. Écrits . English. W. W. Norton & Company. 130. 978-0-393-32925-4. [T]here is no antimony whatsoever between the objects I perceive and my body, whose perception is constituted by a quite natural harmony with those objects..
  9. Botting. Fred. 1994. Relations of the Real in Lacan, Bataille and Blanchot. SubStance. 23. 73. 24–40. 10.2307/3684791. 3684791. 2022-01-16. the Real [...] 'the Real Order'.
  10. Book: Ricoeur , Paul . Paul Ricoeur. Savage. Denis. 1970. Book II: Analytic: Reading of Freud: Part III: EROS, THANTOS, ANANKE: 3. Interrogations: What is Reality?. Terry Lectures: Freud & Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. English. Yale University Press. 324, 327. 978-0-300-02189-9. [R]eality is first of all the opposite of fantasy—it is facts[...]it is the opposite of dreams, of hallucination[...]thus reality becomes the correlate of the consciousness, and then of the ego. [...] [R]eality has the same meaning at the end of Freud’s life as it had at the beginning: reality is the world shorn of God..
  11. Book: Thacker , Eugene . Eugene Thacker . 2010 . In the Dust of this Planet . [Horror of Philosophy Vol. 1] . Zero Books . 30 . 978-1-84694-676-9 . [T]he human can only understand the human by transforming it into an object to relate to (psychology, sociology), while the human can only relate to the objective world itself by transforming the world into something familiar, accessible, or intuited in human terms (biology, geology, cosmology)..
  12. Book: Boothby , Richard . 2001 . Freud as Philosopher: metapsychology after Lacan . Routledge . 60 . 0-415-92590-8 . He [Merleau-Ponty] thus asserts that 'the philosophy of Freud is not a philosophy of the body but of the flesh—The Id, the unconscious—and the Ego (correlative) to be understood on the basis of the flesh' (The Visible and the Invisible, 270)..
  13. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 3 The real and the development of the imaginary . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 148–201 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.9 . This real is what Derrida refers to as 'authenticity' or 'propriety'[.] [...] The real is presence or substance..
  14. Book: Brisman. Susan Hawk. Brisman. Leslie. Smith. Joseph H.. 1980. Lies against Solitude: Symbolic, Imaginary, and Real. The Literary Freud: Mechanisms of Defense and the Poetic Will. Psychiatry and the Humanities. 4. Yale University Press. 43. 0-300-02405-3. Defining the real as a 'plenum', Lacan warns against fusing it with real in the ordinary sense of 'actual'[.].
  15. Johnson . Kevin A.. Asenas. Jennifer J. . 2013. The Lacanian Real as a Productive Supplement to Rhetorical Critique. Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 43. 2. 155–176. 10.1080/02773945.2013.768349. 24753546. 144028476. 2022-01-17. Lundberg's skepticism is rooted in an interpretation of the Real that is carefully located in contradistinction with 'reality.'.
  16. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 1 Lacan: The name-of-the-father and the phallus . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 16–79 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.10 . Culture may be identified with 'the symbolic' and nature with 'the real'..
  17. Book: Lacan. Jacques. Jacques Lacan. Fink. Bruce. Bruce Fink (psychoanalyst). 2006. 1966. Presentation on Psychical Causality. Écrits . English. W. W. Norton & Company. 153. 978-0-393-32925-4. It is...the passion of the soul par excellence, narcissism, that imposes its structure on all his desires[.] [...] In the encounter between body and mind, the soul appears as[...]the limit of the monad. [...] seeking to empty himself of all thoughts, advances in the shadowless gleam of imaginary space, abstaining from what will emerge from it, a dull mirror shows him a surface in which nothing is reflected. I think, therefore, that I can designate the imago as the true object of psychology[.].
  18. Book: Felluga , Dino Franco . 2015 . Critical Theory: Key Concepts . 313–314 . Routledge . 978-0-415-69565-7 . ['T]he thing really names less an object than a particular subject-object relation.['] [...] 'an amorphous characteristic or a frankly irresolvable enigma['] [...] [']a certain limit or liminality, to hover over the threshold between nameable and unnameable, the figurable and unfigurable, the identifiable and unidentifiable' (4-5). Thing is thus at once that which is 'badly encountered' but also 'some thing not quite apprehended' (5), somehow outside of the relation of subject and object. [...] The Thing in this sense is close to Jacques Lacan's understanding of the Real, as Brown himself suggests (5)..
  19. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 12 The “Talking Cure”: Language and Psychoanalysis . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 348–372 . j.ctt13x0dc2.20 . 9780823228744 . [T]he Real and the Imaginary may be understood in terms of the relation between the so-called pure signifier (event) and the aporetic dis/order imposed upon it by the necessity of its narration from a particular point of view. [...] [I]n accordance with the structuralist division between parole (individual speech or narration) and langue (the conditions of the narration)[.].
  20. Book: Felluga , Dino Franco . 2015 . Critical Theory: Key Concepts . 16 . Routledge . 978-0-415-69565-7 . The social, for Laclau and Mouffe, is nothing but a set of provisional ' nodal points which partially fix meaning ' (113), a process they term articulation [...] 'Antagonisms,' by this thinking, 'are not internal but external to society; or rather, they constitute the limits of society['] [...] In this way, 'antagonism' functions in a way similar to Jacques Lacan's notion of the Real..
  21. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 12 The 'Talking Cure': Language and Psychoanalysis . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 348–372 . j.ctt13x0dc2.20 . 9780823228744 . [T]o the extent that one misrecognizes analytical mastery as being a matter of power over others, rather than the self-mastery that is the precondition for ethical action, one retrogresses to the subject position of blindness represented by the King [in The Purloined Letter]. This is the form of Lacan's warning to all analysts (institutional or otherwise). [...] Can one ever be vigilant enough as an analyst to prevent analytical mastery from devolving into ideological mastery? Perhaps one can, in principle, with a ruthless and interminable self-analysis. [...] What psychoanalysis in principle requires of an analyst, or aims at in any psychoanalytically realized subject, is a form of self-mastery, which is defined as the power of inventive self-renewal through the interminable labor of self-analysis..
  22. Book: Barthes , Roland . Roland Barthes . Howard . Richard . 2010 . 1977 . A Lover's Discourse: Fragments . Hill and Wang . 6, 16 . 978-0-374-53231-4 . Underneath the figure, there is something of the 'verbal hallucination' (Freud, Lacan) [...] Frustration would have Presence as its figure[...]castration has Intermittence as its figure[...]Absence is the figure of privation[...]The discourse of Absence is a text[...][[[John of Ruusbroec|Ruysbroeck’s]] ] the raised arms of Desire[...]the wide-open arms of Need..
  23. Book: Levy-Stokes , Carmela . Glowinski . Huguette . Marks . Zita M. . Murphy . Sara . 2001 . Castration . A Compendium of Lacanian Terms . Free Association Books . 46 . 1-85343-538-4 . In frustration the lack is imaginary[, and ...] [t]he agent of frustration is the mother, at the level of the symbolic. [...] Privation refers to a real lack due to the loss of a symbolic object, the phallus as signifier. [...] The notion of privation implies the symbolization of the object in the Real[.] [...] The agent of privation is the imaginary father. [...] Castration is the symbolic lack of an imaginary object [...] the symbolic debt in the register of the law. [...] castration refers to the loss of the phallus as imaginary object. The agent of castration is the real father..
  24. DiCenso. James. 1994. Symbolism and Subjectivity: A Lacanian Approach to Religion. The Journal of Religion. 74. 1. 45–64. 10.1086/489286. 1203614. 144297576. 2022-12-11. The drives, for example, appear under the register of the real as need, under the imaginary as demand, and under the symbolic as desire..
  25. Book: Dor , Joël . Gurewich . Judith . 1999 . The Clinical Lacan . Other Press . 117 . 978-1-892746-05-4 . The dynamics of desire usually evolve in a threefold rhythm: desire separates out from need and then enters into demand..
  26. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 7 The Lacanian Real . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 213–236 . j.ctt13x0dc2.14 . 9780823228744 . These formulations of the Lacanian Real come so close to the formulations already offered of différance that one could without injustice argue for an accord between the two notions..
  27. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 4 The real writing of Lacan: Another writing . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 202–269 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.10 . [T]he 'letter' is the real of the symbolic [...] Lalangue is for Lacan a symptomatic moment in the use of language where its real lettricity or trace-structure comes to the fore. It comes to the fore in repetition or similar phenomena in which language is evacuated of meaning. [...] Lalangue is the moment at which, by failing to make sense, language ceases to communicate. But by failing to communicate, to institute an intersubjective event of meaning, it manages to express the real subject of enunciation in language..
  28. Book: Guattari , Félix . Bains . Paul . Pefanis . Julian . 2006 . 1992 . Chaosmosis: an ethico-aesthetic paradigm . Power Publications . 79–80 . 978-0-909952-25-9 . As for neurotics, they present all the variants of avoidance evoked above, beginning with the simplest and most reifying, that of phobia, followed by hysteria, which forges from them substitutes in social space and the body, ending with obsessional neurosis which, for its part, secretes a perpetual temporal 'différance' (Derrida), an indefinite procrastination..
  29. Book: Grigg , Russell . Glowinski . Huguette . Marks . Zita M. . Murphy . Sara . 2001 . Discourse . A Compendium of Lacanian Terms . Free Association Books . 70 . 1-85343-538-4 . The real driving force behind the hysteric's discourse is the impossible, the Real; the same goes for pure science, for quantified science..
  30. Book: Fink , Bruce . Bruce Fink (psychoanalyst) . 1995 . The Four Discourses . The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance . Princeton University Press . 134 . 978-0-691-01589-7 . [I]n the hysteric's discourse, object (a) appears in the position of truth. That means that the truth of the hysteric's discourse, its hidden motor force, is the real..
  31. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 1 Lacan: The name-of-the-father and the phallus . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 16–79 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.7 . 9780748636037 . [I]n the real, the process of individuation is always incomplete, and it is only language which constructs the illusion that it is complete, that the river has stopped flowing and is now identical with itself..
  32. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 2 Deconstructing Lacan . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 80–147 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.8 . 9780748636037 . In the real, it is supposed, entities do not depend on other things for their identity..
  33. Book: Dor , Joël . Gurewich . Judith . 1999 . The Clinical Lacan . Other Press . 69–82 . 978-1-892746-05-4.
  34. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 11 The Death Drive and Ethical Action . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 318–347 . j.ctt13x0dc2.19 . 9780823228744 . Masculine libido believes that jouissance lies in finally realizing the ideal whole, but its death drive toward retrospective illusion of this 'lost' ideal is inherently inhibited because it aims at a delusion, which, therefore, cannot ever be realized. Feminine libido, to the contrary, already knows that the world lacks any legitimate ideal that could ground, unify, and organize all of its parts. Feminine libido, in other words, remains open to Nietzsche's radical nihilism[.] [...] However, to try to force the impossible Real to appear will bring about, on the other side of masculine fanaticism, another kind of terror, namely the will to utter destruction or the will to a chaotic, schizoid state where nothing stable can ever take hold. [...] Those fixated to the feminine death drive compulsively and relentlessly resist any existing order. In other words, to become 'hysterical' is to become fixated to a nonplace in the community and to define oneself, mimicking Hegel, as its 'eternal irony.' [...] jouissance would entail her total exclusion from the world of the living..
  35. Book: Crockett , Clayton . 2007 . 4 Foreclosing God: Heidegger, Lacan, and Kristeva . Interstices of the Sublime: Theology and Psychoanalytic Theory . Fordham University Press . 68–80 . j.ctt13x03fr.8 . 9780823227211 . Artistic discourse refuses to disavow either desire or reality and therefore represents 'a microscopic expansion of the 'true-real,' ' (227)..
  36. Book: Crockett , Clayton . 2007 . 2 We Are All Mad: Theology in the Shadow of a Black Sun . Interstices of the Sublime: Theology and Psychoanalytic Theory . Fordham University Press . 37–50 . j.ctt13x03fr.6 . 9780823227211 . To these alternatives [on madness] Kristeva develops a notion of artistic discourse, which combines elements of neurosis and psychosis into a hallucinatory hysterical discourse, which she claims becomes 'a microscopic expansion of the 'true-real,'[.'] This language 'obliterates [conventional] reality and makes the Real loom forth as a jubilant enigma.'.
  37. Book: Rank , Otto . Atkinson . Charles Francis . 1932 . Art and Artist: Creative Urge and Personality Development . W. W. Norton & Company . 240 . 978-0-393-30574-6 . By creating, man makes himself independent of that which exists, or at least he makes a very considerable effort to do so; so far as speech is concerned we can see it in name-magic. [...] lived on in the Pneuma-doctrine[.].
  38. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 7 The Lacanian Real . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 213–236 . j.ctt13x0dc2.14 . 9780823228744 . Lacan introduces a term borrowed from Aristotle, 'the tuché,' to name this encounter, which may be described alternatively as the traumatic cause of the repetition compulsion or simply as the Real. The tuché is here contrasted with 'the automaton,' which designates the fabric of phenomenal reality that we humans tend to weave around the Real. [...] Lacan argues, the repetition compulsion is accurately seen to be the 'real cause' of what occurs in the transference[.].
  39. George. Sheldon. 2012. Approaching the 'Thing' of Slavery: A Lacanian Analysis of Toni Morrison's 'Beloved'. African American Review. 45. 1/2. 115–130. 10.1353/afa.2012.0008. 23783440. 161543695. 2022-12-11. tuché, or an encounter with the Real..
  40. Luque. Juan Luis Pérez de. August 2013. Lovecraft, Reality, and the Real: A Žižekian Approach. Lovecraft Annual. 7. 187–203. 26868476. 2022-01-16. Seminar I: Freud’s Papers on Technique.
  41. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 3 Derrida: Différance and the 'Plural Logic of the Aporia' . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 72–112 . j.ctt13x0dc2.8 . 9780823228744 . [W]hen the Symbolic Order is suspended and the actual Antigone becomes the Thing. In this moment of collapse, she herself becomes singular, unfathomable, inimitable. To repeat Žižek's words: 'for a brief, passing moment of decision, she is the Thing directly.' Thus she is the one for whom there is no mirroring neighbor, and she excludes herself from the network of rules that constitutes communal life, becoming the traumatic cause of her own framework of value..
  42. DiCenso. James. 1994. Symbolism and Subjectivity: A Lacanian Approach to Religion. The Journal of Religion. 74. 1. 45–64. 10.1086/489286. 1203614. 144297576. 2022-12-11. Lacan is also very close to Heidegger in viewing both the threat of death and the experience of anxiety as potential occasions for self-transformation..
  43. Seitler . Dana. 2018. Willing to Die: Addiction and Other Ambivalences of Living. Cultural Critique. 98. 1–21. 10.5749/culturalcritique.98.2018.0001. 10.5749/culturalcritique.98.2018.0001. 149685925. 2022-12-11. Addiction thus enabled a certain enactment of, or engagement with, my constitutive lack—what Lacan calls 'being-for-death' (1977, 114)..
  44. Book: Crockett , Clayton . 2007 . 3 Desiring the Thing: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis . Interstices of the Sublime: Theology and Psychoanalytic Theory . Fordham University Press . 51–67 . j.ctt13x03fr.7 . 9780823227211 . [I]deal desire, which is, strictly speaking, impossible. Here the arc of desire is asymptotic in its approximation of the limit, God or death. This is the ideal form of desire, which sustains an unbelievable and impossible tension in its approach of its goal or telos..
  45. Book: Lloyd , Moya . Simons . Jon . 2006 . Julia Kristeva (1941–) . Contemporary Critical Theorists: From Lacan to Said . Edinburgh University Press . 135–151 . 10.3366/j.ctvxcrrt8.13 . 9780748617197 . The semiotic, for Kristeva, is a pre-linguistic or pre-symbolic space, the realm of the 'unspeakable' or the 'unnameable', or what Kristeva following Plato calls the 'chora'. It is the site of energies and bodily drives [...] It is related to what psychoanalysts call the pre-oedipal, that is, [...] a symbiotic state with the mother in which it cannot distinguish between its own body and hers..
  46. Book: Guattari , Félix . Bains . Paul . Pefanis . Julian . 2006 . 1992 . Chaosmosis: an ethico-aesthetic paradigm . Power Publications . 96 . 978-0-909952-25-9 . The most elaborate narratives, myths and icons always return to this point of chaosmic see-sawing, to this singular ontological orality. [...] When I "consume" a work — a term which ought to be changed, because it can just as easily be absence of work — I carry out a complex ontological crystallisation, an alterification of beings-there. [...] Not only is I an other, but it is a multitude of modalities of alterity..
  47. Jameson. Fredric. 1977. Imaginary and Symbolic in Lacan: Marxism, Psychoanalytic Criticism, and the Problem of the Subject. Yale French Studies. 55/56. 338–395. 10.2307/2930443. 2930443. 2022-01-17. [W]hat is meant by the real in Lacan[?][...]It is simply History itself[.].
  48. Book: Buchanan , Ian . 2021 . The Incomplete Project of Schizoanalysis . Edinburgh University Press . 92 . 978-1-4744-8789-4 . History, as [Frederic] Jameson sees it, is an active force that every writer has to confront [...] choices to do with how they construct their characters, the shape of the narratives, down to the style of their sentences — are symptomatic of the times..
  49. Book: Marriott , David S. . 2021 . Lacan Noir: Lacan and Afro-pessimism . Palgrave Macmillan . The Palgrave Lacan Series . 18, 47, 71 . 10.1007/978-3-030-74978-1 . 978-3-030-74977-4 . 242148951 . [I]t would be[...]absurd to think about the signifier without desire. [...] The object has to be symbolized as an absence[.] [...] The object leaves behind the trace in its passage to the signifier, and from those who mistake the sign for the object (the white philosopher who colonizes nature as absence?)[.] [...] In Black Skin, White Masks the imaginary forms of the ego and object loss are the same, the desire to see oneself as other than one is and the self-mutilating mimicry of object loss is the same..
  50. George. Sheldon. 2012. Approaching the 'Thing' of Slavery: A Lacanian Analysis of Toni Morrison's 'Beloved'. African American Review. 45. 1/2. 115–130. 10.1353/afa.2012.0008. 23783440. 161543695. 2022-12-09. [T]he racist Symbolic, emerging for many African Americans as the Real void into which all losses fall and the 'excluded' center around which all subjective meaning gather (Ethics 71). Race has concomitantly emerged for many African Americans as what Lacan calls the objet a, the fantasy object that promises to guarantee the fullness of an identity that is both individual and communal, a group identity that can return African Americans to the jouissance of that illusory wholeness which is figured as having been shattered by slavery in a primal, historical confrontation with lack..
  51. George. Sheldon. 2012. Approaching the 'Thing' of Slavery: A Lacanian Analysis of Toni Morrison's 'Beloved'. African American Review. 45. 1/2. 115–130. 10.1353/afa.2012.0008. 23783440. 161543695. 2022-12-09. [Sheldon George] read Morrison’s Beloved as a textual representation of race and the racial past of slavery as sublimated representatives of the Lacanian Real..
  52. Book: Crockett , Clayton . 2007 . 9 Expressing the Real: Lacan and the Limits of Language . Interstices of the Sublime: Theology and Psychoanalytic Theory . Fordham University Press . 148–164 . j.ctt13x03fr.13 . 9780823227211 . In Lacanian terms, the Real would constitute the critique of symbolic, signifying categories and the shift toward an opacity of vision [...] one that would acknowledge the necessity of W. E. B. Dubois’s double-consciousness..
  53. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 1 Lacan: The name-of-the-father and the phallus . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 16–79 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.10 . The subject inhabits the 'holes in discourse' (E: 253)[.].
  54. Book: Lacan. Jacques. Fink. Bruce. 2006. The Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious. Écrits . English. W. W. Norton & Company. 434. 978-0-393-32925-4. It was the abyss, open to the thought that a thought might make itself heard in the abyss, that gave rise to resistance to psychoanalysis from the outset—not the emphasis on man's sexuality, as is commonly said..
  55. Book: Hurst , Andrea . 2008 . 7 The Lacanian Real . Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis . Fordham University Press . 213–236 . j.ctt13x0dc2.14 . 9780823228744 . [T]he most resistant resistance, the 'hard kernel' that puts a stop to analysis is also a seed, as disseminative as differance, as productive of new life..
  56. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 1 Lacan: The name-of-the-father and the phallus . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 16–79 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.7 . 9780748636037 . The ego is that which resists the unconscious's acceding to consciousness. [...] The (unconscious) subject is pure speech, outside of all language..
  57. Schwall. Hedwig. Lacan or an Introduction to the Realms of Unknowing. 1997. Literature and Theology. 11. 2. 125–144. 10.1093/litthe/11.2.125. 23926831. 2022-05-15. Especially in this lonely prayer, Jesus prefigures the situation of the mystic who must go through the night of the senses, through a period in which God [Yahweh] seems to avert his face. Lacan sees something similar in the moment of the ' passe ', the moment of crisis in a speaking cure in which all subjectivity, the last imaginary residue, all self-love falls away. There, the defences of the 'I' (both in its [barred subject symbol]- and [petit objet] a-aspect, i.e. as a speaking subject and one who seeks the image of his self at a moment of crisis) are overruled and the [Big Other] A takes over; this is an experience which approximates the 'real I', the hallucinatory[.].
  58. Book: Horney , Karen . 1994 . 1968 . Self-Analysis . W. W. Norton . 133 . 0-393-31165-1 . To him [patient] an undermining of his inflated notions means a destruction of his faith in himself. He realizes that he is not as saintly, as loving, as powerful, as independent as he had believed, and he cannot accept himself bereft of glory. At that point he needs someone who does not lose faith in him, even though his own faith is gone..
  59. Book: Tillet , Susana . Glowinski . Huguette . Marks . Zita M. . Murphy . Sara . 2001 . Pass (Passe) . A Compendium of Lacanian Terms . Free Association Books . 132 . 1-85343-538-4 . In the passage from analysand to psychoanalyst, the analyst consents to become semblant of object a, cause of desire. [...] 'there might have been an analysis but there is no analyst.'.
  60. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 1 Lacan: The name-of-the-father and the phallus . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 16–79 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.7 . 9780748636037 . 'One trains analysts so that there are subjects in whom the ego is absent. That is the ideal of analysis, which, of course, remains virtual. There is never a subject without an ego, a fully realised subject, but that in fact is what one must aim to obtain from the subject in analysis' (SII: 246, my italics)..
  61. Book: Schwartz-Salant , Nathan . 2018 . 1989 . The Borderline Personality: Vision and Healing . Chiron Publications . 26 . 978-1-63051-515-7 . In his study of faith in the works of Winnicott, Bion, and Lacan, Michael Eigen writes that 'It is [the] intersection of profound vulnerability and saving indestructability that brings the paradox of faith to a new level' (1981, p. 416) [...] The 'object' survives the attacks of the 'subject' just as Job survives Yahweh’s attacks..
  62. Book: Kacirek , Susanne . Swartz-Salant . Nathan . Stein . Murray . 1988 . Subject-Object Differentiation in the Analysis of Borderline Cases: The Great Mother, the Self, and Others . The Borderline Personality in Analysis . Chiron Publications . The Chiron Clinical Series . 87, 88 . 0-933029-13-6 . This grandiose Self-Great Mother construction has nothing spontaneous about it, and the only alternative to its stony embrace is the black hole: Nothingness. The Self is indeed the prisoner of the Death Mother. [...] That emptiness was filled by the negative pole of the combined Self-Great Mother archetype, i.e., the black unconsciousness of a Death Mother..
  63. WHITE. ROBERT S.. 2011. Bion and Mysticism: The Western Tradition. American Imago. 68. 2. 213–240. 10.1353/aim.2011.0027. 26305190. 170557065. 2022-08-23. 'I [Bion] shall use the sign O to denote that which is the ultimate reality represented by terms such as absolute truth, the godhead, the infinite, the thing-in-itself. [...] it can 'become,'[.' ...] For Bion, there is an original oneness that is split by the catastrophic divisions of birth and subsequent traumas[. ...] Fantasies of oneness can be found in the need for fusion or what Freud (1930) termed the 'oceanic feeling.' [...] Michael Eigen (1981) sees O as the emotional truth of a session. O, for both commentators [Ogden and Eigen], has luminosity; it expresses wonder and ineffability, a truth that cannot be reduced to facts..
  64. WHITE. ROBERT S.. 2011. Bion and Mysticism: The Western Tradition. American Imago. 68. 2. 213–240. 10.1353/aim.2011.0027. 26305190. 170557065. 2022-08-23. The [Bionian] analyst ['refraining' from reactionary memory or desire] allows himself to become a pure container, into which flow the patient's projections and [Beta]-elements [or inner-object projections]. [... allowing for] the emergence of the unknown and formless void[.] .
  65. Book: Lerner , Pablo . 2024. 2023. Speculating on the Edge of Psychoanalysis: Rings and Voids. The Lines of the Symbolic in Psychoanalysis Series. 978-1-03-224477-8. 10.4324/9781003278740 . We may interpret Spinoza's God as the real, and the finite sum of the causally interconnected finite modes conceived under the attribute of thought as the symbolic..
  66. Book: Shaviro , Steven . 2014. Noncorrelational Thought. The Universe of Things: on Speculative Realism. University of Minnesota Press. 130. 978-0-8166-8926-2. [Laruelle] insists on a ' non-intuitive phenomenality,' which manifests the ' radical immanence or immanence (to) itself ' of the Real, or of what he calls 'the One' (Laruelle 1999, 141)..
  67. Book: Marriott , David S. . 2021 . Lacan Noir: Lacan and Afro-pessimism . Palgrave Macmillan . The Palgrave Lacan Series . 98 . 10.1007/978-3-030-74978-1 . 978-3-030-74977-4 . 242148951 . Lacan knew, with genius, how psychosis reversed meaning, was ensnared in ressentiment, and in ways opposed to morality, to reason. Here the signifier is immersed in a mystical body in which it takes its root, an interiority that is foreclosed..
  68. Book: McWilliams , Nancy . 2020 . 2011 . Schizoid Personalities . Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Diagnosis . second . The Guilford Press . 197 . 978-1-4625-4369-4 . I am often asked whether I see schizoid people as on the autistic spectrum, and I am not sure how to answer. [...] Perhaps schizoid psychology, especially in its high-functioning versions, can be reasonably viewed as at the healthy end of the autism spectrum..
  69. Book: Laing , R. D. . 1959 . 1969 . The embodied and unembodied self . The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness . Penguin Books . 69, 73–74 . 978-0-14-013537-4 . The unembodied self becomes hyper-conscious. [...] The self in such a schizoid organization is usually more or less unembodied. It is experienced as a mental entity. It enters the condition called by Kierkegaard 'shutupness'..
  70. Staude. John Raphael. 1976. From Depth Psychology to Depth Sociology: Freud, Jung, and Lévi-Strauss. Theory and Society. 3. 3. 303–338. 10.1007/BF00159490. 656968. 144353437. 2022-06-28. The notion of enantiodromia (or reversal of [the] direction of psychic energy) following the mid-life crisis, became the foundation stone of Jung's later theory of the development of the personality..
  71. Book: Rodriguez , Leonardo . Glowinski . Huguette . Marks . Zita M. . Murphy . Sara . 2001 . Autism and Childhood Psychosis . A Compendium of Lacanian Terms . Free Association Books . 26, 29–30 . 1-85343-538-4 . Autism shows an extreme position of the fusion of the subject in the holophrase S1[:master signifier]S2[:Other] [...] [T]he signifier itself acquires the weight of the real..
  72. Leeb. Claudia. 2008. Toward a Theoretical Outline of the Subject: The Centrality of Adorno and Lacan for Feminist Political Theorizing. Political Theory. 36. 3. 351–376. 10.1177/0090591708315142. 20452637. 145201953. 2022-12-25. There are only few attempts to read Adorno in conjunction with Lacan, and this is the first work that shows the affinities between the non-identical and the Real. [...] The Real and the non-identical are then consistent with Adorno's notion of immanent critique. In contrast to a 'transcendent critique' that critiques other theories from outside its own principles, immanent critique unfolds through internal contradictions, which it does not aim to erase. Adorno, Negative Dialectics, 5..
  73. Book: Bogue , Ronald . 2003. Deleuze on Music, Painting and the Arts. Routledge. 90. 978-0-415-96608-5.
  74. Dolar. Mladen . 1991. "I Shall Be with You on Your Wedding-Night": Lacan and the Uncanny. October. 58. 5–23. 10.2307/778795 . 778795 . 2022-02-10. [T]he source of the uncanny is the reappearance of a part that was necessarily lost with the emergence of the subject—the intersection between the 'psychic' and the 'real,' the interior and the exterior, the 'word' and the 'object,' the symbol and the symbolized—the point where the real immediately coincides with the symbolic to be put into the service of the imaginary. [...] the uncanny is[...]the recuperation of the loss.
  75. Book: [[Ian Parker (psychologist)|Parker]] , Ian . 2011 . A clinic in the real: Relations . Lacanian Psychoanalysis: Revolutions in Subjectivity . Advancing Theory in Therapy . NY . Routledge . 190 . 978-0-415-45543-5 . As an empty signifier, 'relation'[...][is found] between analysand and analyst, between infant and caregiver, between self and other, between individual and collective, between body and mind, between material and spiritual, between personal and political, and between clinic and world..
  76. Book: [[Noël Carroll|Carroll]] , Noël . 1990 . Why Horror: The Paradox of Horror: The Psychoanalysis of Horror . The Philosophy of Horror or Paradoxes of the Heart . New York, NY . Routledge . 175 . 0-415-90145-6 . To experience the uncanny, then, is to experience something that is known, but something the knowledge of which has been hidden or repressed. Freud takes this to be a necessary, though not a sufficient condition, of the experience of the uncanny: '...the uncanny is nothing else than a hidden, familiar thing that has undergone repression and then emerged from it, and that everything that is uncanny fulfills this condition.'.
  77. Book: Deleuze. Gilles. Guattari. Félix. Massumi. Brian. 1987. On Several Regimes of Signs. A Thousand Plateaus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia. University of Minnesota Press. 136–142. 978-1-85168-637-7. transformations that blow apart semiotics systems or regimes of signs on the plane of consistency of a positive absolute deterritorialization are called diagrammatic. [...] An abstract machine [...] is diagrammatic [...] It operates by matter, not by substance.; by function, not by form. [...] The abstract machine is pure Matter-Function [...] A diagram has neither substance nor form, neither content nor expression. [...] Writing now functions on the same level as the real, and the real materially writes. [...] This Real-Abstract is totally different from the fictitious abstraction of a supposedly pure machine of expression. It is Absolute, but one that is neither undifferentiated nor transcendent. [...] there are no regimes of signs on the diagrammatic level, or on the plane of consistency, because form of expression is no longer really distinct from form of content..
  78. de Luque . Juan Luis Pérez . August 2013 . Joshi . S.T. . Lovecraft, Reality, and the Real: A Žižekian Approach . Lovecraft Annual . Hippocampus Press . 7 . 187–203 . 1935-6102 . 26868476 . Žižek...divides the Real into three different categories, which coincide with the imaginary/real/symbolic division: 'There are thus THREE modalities[...]the 'real Real'[...]'symbolic Real'[...]'imaginary Real'[...]On Belief 82’’.
  79. Book: Lacan. Jacques. Jacques Lacan. Fink. Bruce. Bruce Fink (psychoanalyst). 2006. 1966. On a Question Prior to Any Possible Treatment of Psychosis. Écrits . English. W. W. Norton & Company. 458–459, 462. 978-0-393-32925-4. This [L] Schema signifies that the condition of the subject, S (neurosis or psychosis), depends on what unfolds in the Other, A. [...] a, his objects; a ', his ego, that is, his form as reflected in his objects; and A, the locus from which the question of his existence may arise for him. [...] The R schema, which represents the lines that condition the perceptum—in other words, the object—insofar as these lines circumscribe the field of reality rather than merely depending on it..
  80. Book: Guattari , Félix . Bains . Paul . Pefanis . Julian . 2006 . 1992 . Chaosmosis: an ethico-aesthetic paradigm . Power Publications . 25 . 978-0-909952-25-9 . It is in this zone of intersection that subject and object fuse and establish their foundations. [...] one can say that psychoanalysis is born at this point of object-subject fusion that we see at work in suggestion, hypnosis, and hysteria..
  81. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 3 The real and the development of the imaginary . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 148–201 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.9 . 'The real, which is to say impossible, Other of the Other' (SXXIII: 64) [...] [T]he phallus was already recognized as the hinge of the real and the symbolic. The phallus can occupy this position precisely because it has both a symbolic and an imaginary aspect. It is a product of the real, but it is an image of the symbolic..
  82. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 3 The real and the development of the imaginary . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 148–201 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.9 . The real-of-the-symbolic as the infinity of traces is domesticated and rendered intelligible as the real-of-the-imaginary. The real-of-the-imaginary is the object a, the cause of desire, depicted in the fantasy, which thus makes the absolutely unreachable infinity seem like something that could one day be attained, and that is desirable. The infinity of the trace is given a positive (imaginary) form as the regulative ideal that is the object of desire. The infinity of the real is rendered accessible to us as the infinite striving of desire. [...] ['T]he object of desire has no image' (SIX: 30/5/62)..
  83. Book: Crockett , Clayton . 2007 . 3 Desiring the Thing: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis . Interstices of the Sublime: Theology and Psychoanalytic Theory . Fordham University Press . 37–50 . j.ctt13x03fr.7 . 9780823227211 . The Thing is not the object (the vase) but the emptiness that is represented by the object in order for it to function in symbolic discourse. [...] This emptiness is a hole that marks the Real..
  84. Book: Wittgenstein , Ludwig . Ludwig Wittgenstein . Ogden . C.K. . 1999 . 1922 . . Dover Publications . 38, 50, 74 . 978-0-486-40445-5 . 3.221 Objects[,] I can only name. Signs represent them. I can only speak of them. [...] 4.0621 [that] the signs 'p' and '~p' can say the same thing is important, for it shows that the sign '~' corresponds to nothing in [ontic] reality. [...] 5.44 And if there was an object called '~', then '~~p' would have to say something other than 'p'..
  85. Book: Fink , Bruce . Bruce Fink (psychoanalyst) . 1995 . There's No Such Thing as a Sexual Relationship . The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance . Princeton University Press . 102 . 978-0-691-01589-7 . [O]bject (a) [...] as real, does not signify anything: it is the Other's desire, it is desirousness as real, not signified..
  86. Book: Lewis , Michael . 2008 . 3 The real and the development of the imaginary . Derrida and Lacan: Another Writing . Edinburgh University Press . 148–201 . 10.3366/j.ctt1r2cj3.9 . [T]he real-of-the-symbolic is the letter, while the real-of-the-imaginary is the objet petit a.
  87. Seaman. Robert E.. 1989. Lacan, Poe, and the Descent of the Self. Texas Studies in Literature and Language. 31. 2. 196–214. 40754889. 2022-05-15. [T]he fisherman's drama may be seen as a drama of the mirror stage in reverse, a regression from the symbolic phase to the imaginary. [...] instead of looking into the mirror, the fisherman looks around it at its silver backing, perceiving the mechanism by which the illusion of his self is created. [...] the return of mythical and imaginative knowledge. [...] It is a mystical quest for the Other[.] [...] The Maelstrom is the object of the fisherman's quest, but it is also a death object and the locus of the eternal slippage of meaning. [...] [it] cannot be reduced to a signified, to a referent..
  88. Book: McWilliams , Nancy . Nancy McWilliams . 2020 . 2011 . Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Diagnosis . second . The Guilford Press . 19 . 978-1-4625-4369-4 . Diagnosis can, like anything else, be used as a defense against anxiety about the unknown. [...] When any label obscures more than it illuminates, the practitioner is better off discarding it and relying on common sense and decency, like the lost sailor who throws away a useless navigational chart and reverts to orienting by a few familiar stars..
  89. Book: Žižek , Slavoj . Slavoj Žižek . 2016 . Disparities . Bloomsbury Academic . 345 . 9781474272704.
  90. Web site: Slavoj Zizek: A Primer. Daly. Glyn. 2004. lacan dot com. 17 August 2012.

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