Temenggong Explained

Temenggong or Tumenggung (Jawi: تمڠݢوڠ; Temenggung,[1] Hanacaraka: ꦠꦸꦩꦼꦁ​ꦒꦸꦁ​; Tumenggung) is an old Malay and Javanese title of nobility, usually given to the chief of public security.

Responsibilities

The Temenggong is usually responsible for the safety of the monarch (raja or sultan), as well as overseeing the state police and army. A temenggong may also be assigned by its sovereign as a ruler in frontier regions, acting as either a regent or a viceroy with additional development & military responsibility (comparable to European Marquess).[2] [3] [4]

Johor

In the Sultanate of Johor, the Temenggong of Muar held a fief centered in Segamat for approximately two centuries and the Temenggong of Johor was the head of the fief (Johor mainland) between 1760 and 1868. The full rendition of the Johor Temenggong was Temenggung Seri Maharaja. Although the Temenggong was the head of the fief's administration, the Temenggong held the Johor Sultanate by virtue of his being a vassal of the Sultan.[1] In 1868, Temenggong Abu Bakar declared himself as a maharaja, assumed control over Muar and declared himself an independent ruler. In 1885, he assumed the title of Sultan with the blessing of Britain.

Majapahit

Negarakretagama cantos 10[5] describe that the mayor visited the Kepatihan Amangkubhumi (Prime Minister building) led by Gajah Mada in order to report the administrative activities in the area. Majapahit government administration had five authoritative leaders called Sang Panca Ri is capability they were

Mataram Sultanate

During the era of Mataram Sultanate, temenggongs were directly appointed by sultan and act as a regional leader in regions not directly administrated by the court (mostly in coastal regions).[6] [7] They were responsible for raising and commanding their own regional army, which could be assigned in a military expedition supervised by the sultan himself.[8] One of the most renowned temenggong in Mataram was Bahureksa, the regent of Kendal. He was executed by Sultan Agung due to his failure while leading the Mataram army during the unsuccessful Siege of Batavia in 1628.[9] [10] [11]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Turnbull, C.M.. C. M. Turnbull. A History of Singapore: 1819-1975. 1977. Oxford University Press. Kuala Lumpur. 0-19-580354-X.
  2. Book: M.Pd, Dr Endi Rochaendi. Sebuah Catatan Majalengka Tempo Dulu: Alam, Manusia & Kehidupan. 2020-12-14. Media Sains Indonesia. 978-623-6882-64-1. id.
  3. Book: Graaf, Hermanus Johannes de. Puncak kekuasaan Mataram: politik ekspansi Sultan Agung. 1986. Grafitipers. 978-979-444-090-2. id.
  4. Book: Sisi gelap Kalimantan Barat: perseteruan etnis Dayak-Madura 1997. 1999. Institut Studi Arus Informasi. 978-979-8933-18-9. id.
  5. Web site: Java Sources. 2021-10-15. www.spaetmittelalter.uni-hamburg.de.
  6. Book: Suwarno, P. J.. Sejarah birokrasi pemerintahan Indonesia dahulu dan sekarang. 1989. Penerbitan Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta. 978-979-8109-01-0. id.
  7. Book: B.Sc, Drs H. Budiono Herusatoto. Kisah Penerus Dinasti Mataram, Sang Pangeran Senapati Puger, Berjuang Dari Banyumas Hingga Kartasura. 2021-05-01. Deepublish. 978-623-02-2838-4. id.
  8. Book: Graaf, Hermanus Johannes de. Puncak kekuasaan Mataram: politik ekspansi Sultan Agung. 1986. Grafitipers. 978-979-444-090-2. id.
  9. Web site: Okezone. 2021-02-21. Melacak Jejak Prajurit Mataram saat Serang Batavia : Okezone Nasional. 2021-06-08. nasional.okezone.com/. id-ID.
  10. Book: 5 Sultan Nusantara Melawan Penjajah: Seri Kepahlawanan Raja-raja Nusantara. 2017-12-22. Sang Surya Media. id.
  11. Web site: 2020-08-28. Kisah Suram di Balik Kegagalan Mataram Taklukan Batavia. 2021-06-08. Republika Online. id.

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