TRNAIle-lysidine synthase explained

TRNAIle-lysidine synthase
Ec Number:	6.3.4.19
Cas Number:	635304-92-6

TRNAIle-lysidine synthase (TilS, mesJ (gene), yacA (gene), isoleucine-specific transfer ribonucleate lysidine synthetase, tRNAIle-lysidine synthetase) is an enzyme with systematic name L-lysine:(tRNAIle2)-cytidine34 ligase (AMP-forming).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]} This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

[tRNAIle2]-cytidine34 + L-lysine + ATP

\rightleftharpoons [tRNAIle2]-lysidine³⁴ + AMP + diphosphate + H₂O

The bacterial enzyme modifies the wobble base of the CAU anticodon of tRNAIle at the oxo group in position 2 of cytidine³⁴.

Notes and References

1. Ikeuchi Y, Soma A, Ote T, Kato J, Sekine Y, Suzuki T . molecular mechanism of lysidine synthesis that determines tRNA identity and codon recognition . Molecular Cell . 19 . 2 . 235–46 . July 2005 . 16039592 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.06.007 . free .
2. Salowe SP, Wiltsie J, Hawkins JC, Sonatore LM . The catalytic flexibility of tRNAIle-lysidine synthetase can generate alternative tRNA substrates for isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 284 . 15 . 9656–62 . April 2009 . 19233850 . 2665086 . 10.1074/jbc.M809013200 . free .
3. Nakanishi K, Fukai S, Ikeuchi Y, Soma A, Sekine Y, Suzuki T, Nureki O . Structural basis for lysidine formation by ATP pyrophosphatase accompanied by a lysine-specific loop and a tRNA-recognition domain . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 102 . 21 . 7487–92 . May 2005 . 15894617 . 1140429 . 10.1073/pnas.0501003102 . free .
4. Soma A, Ikeuchi Y, Kanemasa S, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Ote T, Kato J, Watanabe K, Sekine Y, Suzuki T . An RNA-modifying enzyme that governs both the codon and amino acid specificities of isoleucine tRNA . Molecular Cell . 12 . 3 . 689–98 . September 2003 . 14527414 . 10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00346-0 . free .
5. Nakanishi K, Bonnefond L, Kimura S, Suzuki T, Ishitani R, Nureki O . Structural basis for translational fidelity ensured by transfer RNA lysidine synthetase . Nature . 461 . 7267 . 1144–8 . October 2009 . 19847269 . 10.1038/nature08474 . 4426738 .