Suprabhatam (Sanskrit: सुप्रभातम्|lit=auspicious dawn|translit=Suprabhātam)[1] is a Sanskrit prayer[2] [3] of the Suprabhātakāvya genre. It is a collection of hymns or verses recited early morning to awaken the deity in Hinduism. The metre chosen for a Suprabhātam poem is usually Vasantatilaka.
The most well-known Suprabhātam work is the Veṅkaṭeśvarasuprabhātam recited to awaken the deity Venkateswara. A rendition of the poem by renowned Carnatic vocalist M. S. Subbulakshmi is extremely popular which is played daily in many homes and temples (especially Tirumala Tirupati) in the wee hours of morning.
The genre of Suprabhātakāvya traces its origin to a single verse (1.23.2) in the Bālakāṇḍa of Vālmīki's Rāmāyaṇa, where Viśvāmitra calls out to Rāma to wake up.
The Veṅkaṭeśvarasuprabhātam begins with this very verse.
The Veṅkaṭeśvarasuprabhātam was composed sometime between 1420 and 1432 C.E. by Prativādibhayaṅkaram Śrī Annan (also known as Hastigirinathar Anna, and P B Annan). The poet was a disciple of Swami Manavala Mamuni, who was himself a disciple of Ramanuja.
The Venkaṭeśvara Suprabhātam consists of four sections: Suprabhātam, Śrī Venkaṭeśvara Stotram, Prapatti, and Mangalāśāsanam.[4] [5]
Verse | IAST | Devanagari | Translation | |||||
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1 | O Rama! Kausalya's auspicious child | Sunlight is approaching in the east. O best of men! Wake up, the divine daily rituals have to be performed. | ||||||
2 | O Govinda, wake up! O he who has Garuda on his flag wake up. O husband of Kamala | Arise, and render the three worlds auspicious. | ||||||
3 | May it be an auspicious dawn to thee, O Lakshmi, the mother of the worlds, who dwells on the chest of Vishnu, the enemy of Madhu and Kaitabha, of attractive and divine form, with the nature of granting what is desired by those seeking refuge! O beloved of Venkatesha, an auspicious dawn to thee. | |||||||
4 | May it be an auspicious dawn to thee, O Lakshmi, the beloved of the Lord of Vishnu, with eyes like lotus petals, with a bright face like the moon, who is worshipped by Vani, Girija, and Pulomaja (Saraswati, Parvati, and Shachi) and who is very compassionate. | |||||||
5 | Having worshipped the morning twilight and said their morning prayers, called sandhyavandana, the seven sages like Atri, bringing the beautiful lotuses from the divine Ganges, have arrived to worship thy feet. O lord of Sheshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to thee. | |||||||
6 | The gods, like the five-headed Shiva, Subrahmanya, Brahma, and Indra are praising the deeds of your incarnation as the Trivikrama (Vamana). Brihaspati reads the planetary positions (Panchangam) of the day beside you. O lord of Sheshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to thee. | |||||||
7 | The breeze, carrying the wonderful fragrance of the partly opened lotuses, and the beautiful trees like the areca and coconut, is blowing gently. O lord of Sheshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to thee. | |||||||
8 | The parrots in their cages are opening their eyes, and graciously singing, after eating the remains of the plantain fruits and the payasam in the vessels. O lord of Sheshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to thee. | |||||||
9 | The sage, Narada, is playing sweet music with his veena, and, in fine language, is singing praises of Thy endless deeds, gracefully waving his other hand. Lord of Seshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
10 | The humming swarm of bees are sucking honey and emerging from the interiors of the lotuses of the adjoining pools, in order to serve Thee. Lord of Seshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
11 | While the womenfolk of the hamlet of cowherds churn the curds, the loud sounds and echoes emanating from the pots seems like as if the pots and (the ten) directions are quarreling. Lord of Seshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
12 | The swarm of bees in the lotuses are friends of the sun, and are making loud sounds with a view to surpassing the splendour of the lustrous blue lotuses. Lord of Seshachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
13 | One with Lakshmi! One who grants boons | Friend of all the worlds! Abode of Sri Lakshmi | The matchless ocean of compassion! One having a charming form on account of the chest which is the abode of Sri Lakshmi | Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | ||||
14 | Brahma, Shiva, Sanandana and several others have bathed in purified water. They are at your doorstep eager to see you, for their own well-being, though they have been hit with canes by your gods. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
15 | Lord of Venkatachala! Thy abode is always called by several names, such as Sri Sesasaila, Garudachala, Venkatadri, Narayanadri, Vrsabhadri, Vrsadri. May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
16 | Siva, Indra, Agni, Yama, Nairuti, Varuna, Vayu and Kubera, with folded hands placed on their heads, are desirous of offering service to thee. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
17 | The modes of Thy conveyance - Garuda, the Lord of Birds, the Lion, Lord of Animals, Adisesa, the Lord of Serpents, Airavata, the Lord of Elephants and Uccaissravas, the Lord of Horses - are begging Thee to grant them their respective authority and power to server Thee better, on your pleasure trips. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
18 | The main deities of the Assembly of Gods - the nine planets - the Sun, the Moon, Mars (Angaraka), Mercury (Budha), Jupiter (Brhaspati), Venus (Sukra), Saturn (Sani), Rahu and Ketu are happy to serve even your servants and remain most obedient to Thee. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
19 | Lord of Venkatachala! Thy devotees, whose heads are sanctified by the dust of Thy feet, being in Thy presence, do not desire Heaven or Liberation, but are worried that another kalpa will start, when there will be no such glory to Venkatachala | Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | ||||||
20 | On seeing the crests of Thy temple tower, the mortals, who are attempting to attain the exalted paths of Heaven and Liberation, feel like living on in the mortal world, as it gives them the opportunity of worshipping Thee. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
21 | Lord of Sridevi and Bhudevi! The ocean of nectar of compassion and other virtues | The chief of the Gods! The sole refuge of the Universe | The possessor of Sri (wealth)! One whose feet are worshipped by Ananta and Garuda | Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | ||||
22 | Padmanabha! Purushottama | Vasudeva! Vaikunta | Madhava! Janardana | Chakrapani! Bearer of the mole Srivatsa | Celestial tree (parijata) under whom refuge is sought! Lord of Venkatachala | May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | ||
23 | Bearer of the charming and divine form surpassing the pride of Cupid (Manmatha)! One whose sight is fondly centred on the lotus bud like breasts of His beloved | The abode of auspicious and pure virtues! The possessor of Divine fame | Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||
24 | Lord in ten incarnations of Matsya (Fish), Kamatha (Tortoise), Kola (Boar), Narasimha (Man-lion) Trivikrama (Dwarf), Parasurama, Rama, Balarama, Krishna and Kalki! Lord of Venkatachala | May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | ||||||
25 | The Brahmins, well-versed in the Vedas, are now joyfully waiting to worship you. They are carrying golden pots on their heads that are filled with the water of the Divine Ganges (Akasa Ganga), which has been rendered fragrant by mixing cardamom, cloves and camphor in it. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
26 | The Sun is rising; the lotuses have blossomed; the birds are twittering; the Sri Vaishnavas, always imploring auspiciousness, are waiting at Thy abode. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
27 | Brahma,the great sages and the good Yogins as Sanandana are waiting at Thy abode, with auspicious offerings in their hands. Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | |||||||
28 | Abode of Lakshmi! Ocean of faultless and auspicious virtues | Bridge to cross the ocean of transmigration (samsara)! One whose glory is known through the Upanishads | One who is enjoyed by devotees! Lord of Venkatachala | May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. | ||||
29 | Thus here is the Suprabhatam of the Lord of Vrishachala! Within the humans who are engaged in reciting it every day, the remembrance (स्मृति:) gives birth to superior intellect, which makes the supreme goal (of attaining moksha) easy to achieve. |
Verse | IAST | Devanagari | |
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There are many other lesser-known Suprabhātam works apart from the Veṅkaṭeśasuprabhātam. Some of these are -