List of super cyclonic storms explained

Super cyclonic storm is the highest category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin, a super cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of at least 120kn. The category was formally introduced during the 1999 season alongside Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, in order to replace the previously used Severe Cyclonic Storm with Core of Hurricane Winds. There have been at least nine storms that have attained such an intensity. The most recent super cyclonic storm was Cyclone Amphan in 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.

Background

The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula.^{[1] [2]} The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi.^{[1] [2]} Within the basin a Super Cyclonic Storm is defined as a tropical cyclone, that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of at least 120kn.^{[1] [3]} The category was introduced during 1999 alongside Very Severe Cyclonic Storms in order, to replace the previously used Severe Cyclonic Storm with Core of Hurricane Winds.^[2] Should a Super Cyclonic Storm impact land at or near its peak intensity, then it is expected to cause large scale flooding and extensive structural damage to residential and industrial buildings as well as bridges.^[4] It is also expected to disrupt communications and the power supply as well as large-scale disruption to rail and road traffic.^[4]

Systems

Name	Dates as a super cyclonic storm	Duration	Sustained wind speeds	Pressure	Areas affected	Deaths	Damage (USD)
					West Bengal			^[5]
			120kn		Bangladesh			^[6]
				919hPa	Odisha			^[7]
			130kn	970hPa	Sri Lanka, India			^[8]
			120kn	953hPa	Myanmar			^[9]
			120kn	943hPa				^[10]
			120kn	938hPa				^[11]
			120kn	930hPa	Thailand, Myanmar, India	1,036	$521 million
			127kn	920hPa	India			^[12]
			127kn	918hPa	Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar			^[13]
			140kn	912hPa	Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India			^[14]
			130kn	920hPa	Oman, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Pakistan			^[15]
			130kn	922hPa	Western India, Oman, United Arab Emirates Socotra, Somalia	5	Minimal	^[16]
			130kn	920hPa	Sri Lanka, Eastern India, Bangladesh

See also

• List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
• List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
• List of very intense tropical cyclones

Notes and References

1. RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee . World Meteorological Organization . Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea 2019. May 8, 2020.
2. Best track data of tropical cyclonic disturbances over the north Indian Ocean. July 14, 2009. India Meteorological Department. October 31, 2015.
3. Best track data of tropical cyclonic disturbances over the north Indian Ocean. July 14, 2009. India Meteorological Department. October 31, 2015.
4. http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/cyclone-awareness/damage-potential-cyclone/damage.pdf
5. Web site: Historical records of 12 most devastating cyclones, which formed in the Bay of Bengal and made landfall on the East coast of India . National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project. June 5, 2010. May 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20100605095539/http://ncrmp.gov.in/ncrmp/AnnIIb.html. dead.
6. SMRC-No.1 – The impact of tropical cyclones on the coastal regions of SAARC countries and their influence in the region, SAARC Meteorological Research Center (SMRC),1998.
7. Web site: Historical records of 12 most devastating cyclones, which formed in the Bay of Bengal and made landfall on the East coast of India . National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project. June 5, 2010. May 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20100605095539/http://ncrmp.gov.in/ncrmp/AnnIIb.html. dead.
8. Journal of Applied Meteorology. Kulshrestha, Shashi M. Gupta, Madan G. June 1966. Satellite Study of the Rameswaram Cyclonic Storm of 20–23 December 1964. 10.1175/1520-0450(1966)005<0373:SSOTRC>2.0.CO;2. 1966JApMe...5..373K. 373–376. 5. 3. free.
9. [ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED27E.pdf India Weather Review Annual Summary&nbsp;— Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1968]. India Meteorological Department. 1969. May 26, 2020.
10. Pant, P S. Ramakrishnan, A R. Jamdunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1977 . Mausam. 1980 . 31. 3. 337–356. 10.54302/mausam.v31i3.3533 . 246784388 .
11. Srinivasan, V. Ramakrishnan, A R. Jamdunathan, R. Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1978 . Mausam. 31. 4. 495–506. 10.54302/mausam.v31i4.3444 . 246781079 .
12. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances (Depressions and Tropical Cyclones) over North Indian Ocean in 1990 . 3–18 . 2. Pre Monsoon Season Cyclonic Disturbances . January 1991 . India Meteorological Department . dead . http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/1990.pdf . May 27, 2020 . January 31, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150131151606/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/1991.pdf .
13. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances (Depressions and Tropical Cyclones) over North Indian Ocean in 1991 . 4 . Bangladesh Cyclone, April 24-30 1991 . January 1992 . India Meteorological Department . May 27, 2020.
14. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 1999. India Meteorological Department. May 27, 2020. 50–64. February 2000.
15. January 2008 . Report on Cyclonic Disturbances over North Indian Ocean during 2007 . May 23, 2020. live. https://archive.today/20081126093307/http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/tropics/IMD_2007_Report_HTML.html . November 26, 2008 .
16. http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/preliminary-report/kyarr.pdf