Streptophyta Explained

Streptophyta, informally the streptophytes (from the Greek strepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the Chlorophyta and the more basal Prasinodermophyta.[1]

Classifications

The composition of Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina, Charophyta) varies in each classification.[2] Some authors include only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta,[3] Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt 2004), others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009; Adl et al. 2012[3] , Streptophyta;[4] de Reviers 2002; Leliaert et al. 2012, Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997; some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta, e.g., Charophyta[5] Leliaert et al. 2012, Charophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984, Streptophycophytes de Reviers, 2002).

The clade Streptophyta includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Streptophyta contains the freshwater charophyte green algae and all land plants that reproduce sexually by conjugation. Mesostigma viride, a unicellular green flagellate alga may be a basal Streptophyte.[6] [7]

These earlier classifications have not taken into account that the Coleochaetophyceae and the Zygnemophyceae appear to have emerged in the Charophyceae + Embryophyta clade, resulting in the synonymy of the Phragmoplastophyta and Streptophytina/Streptophyta sensu stricto (a.k.a. Adl 2012[3]) nomenclature.[8]

Jeffrey, 1967

Lewis & McCourt 2004

Leliaert et al. 2012

Adl et al. 2012[3]

Adl et al. 2019

Phylogeny

Below is a reconstruction of Streptophyta relationships, based on genomic data.[9] [10] [11]

Streptofilum, described in 2018, appears to bring in a new branching.[12]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Sánchez-Baracaldo. Patricia. Raven. John A.. Pisani. Davide. Knoll. Andrew H.. 2017-09-12. Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114. 37. E7737–E7745. 10.1073/pnas.1620089114. 28808007. 5603991. 2017PNAS..114E7737S . free.
  2. Web site: Die Schwestergruppe der Landpflanzen . The sister group of land plants . 7 November 2023 . www.protisten.de . de.
  3. Adl, S.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Lane, C.E.; Lukeš, J.; Bass, D.; Bowser, S.S.; Brown, M.W.; Burki, F.; Dunthorn, M.; Hampl, V.; Heiss, A.; Hoppenrath, M.; Lara, E.; le Gall, L.; Lynn, D.H.; McManus, H.; Mitchell, E.A.D.; Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.; Parfrey, L.W.; Pawlowski, J.; Rueckert, S.; Shadwick, L.; Schoch, C.L.; Smirnov, A.; Spiegel, F.W. . 2012 . The revised classification of Eukaryotes . Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . 59 . 5 . 429–514 . 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. 3483872. 23020233 .
  4. Bremer, K. . 1985 . Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification . Cladistics . 1 . 4 . 369–385 . 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1985.tb00434.x . 34965683 .
  5. Book: Cavalier-Smith, T. . 1993. The origin, losses and gains of chloroplasts. . Origins of plastids . 291–348 . Springer US.
  6. Liang . Z . Geng . Y . Ji . C . Du . H . Wong . CE . Zhang . Q . Yu . H . 2020 . Mesostigma viride genome and transcriptome provide insights into the origin and evolution of Streptophyta . Advanced Science . 7 . 1 . 10.1002/advs.2019018501901850 . 2024-04-27 .
  7. Nedelcu . AM . Borza . T . Lee . RW . 2006 . A land plant–specific multigene family in the unicellular Mesostigma argues for its close relationship to Streptophyta . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 23 . 5 . 1011–1015 . 10.1093/molbev/msj108 . 16476689 .
  8. Lemieux. Claude. Otis. Christian. Turmel. Monique. 2016. Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analyses of Streptophyte Green Algae Uncover Major Structural Alterations in the Klebsormidiophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and Zygnematophyceae. Frontiers in Plant Science. en. 7. 697. 10.3389/fpls.2016.00697. 27252715. 4877394. 1664-462X. free.
  9. Linzhou Li. Sibo Wang. Hongli Wang. Sunil Kumar Sahu. Birger Marin. Haoyuan Li. Yan Xu. Hongping Liang. Zhen Li. Shifeng Chen. Tanja Reder. 22 June 2020. The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4. 9. 1220–1231. 10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. 7455551. 32572216. free. Yves Van de Peer. Michael Melkonian. Huan Liu. Xin Liu. Xun Xu. Gane Ka-Shu Wong. Huanming Yang. Hongli Du. Barbara Melkonian. Morten Petersen. Sebastian Wittek. Zehra Çebi. Jian Wang. 2020NatEE...4.1220L .
  10. Puttick. Mark N.. Morris. Jennifer L.. Williams. Tom A.. Cox. Cymon J.. Edwards. Dianne. Kenrick. Paul. Pressel. Silvia. Wellman. Charles H.. Schneider. Harald. 2018. The Interrelationships of Land Plants and the Nature of the Ancestral Embryophyte. Current Biology. 28. 5. 733–745.e2. 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.063. 29456145. free. 2018CBio...28E.733P . 1983/ad32d4da-6cb3-4ed6-add2-2415f81b46da. free.
  11. Sánchez-Baracaldo. Patricia. Raven. John A.. Pisani. Davide. Knoll. Andrew H.. 2017-09-12. Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114. 37. E7737–E7745. 10.1073/pnas.1620089114. 28808007. 5603991. 2017PNAS..114E7737S . free.
  12. Glass . Sarah E. . McCourt . Richard M. . Gottschalk . Stephen D. . Lewis . Louise A. . Karol . Kenneth G. . 2023-08-07 . Chloroplast genome evolution and phylogeny of the early-diverging charophycean green algae with a focus on the Klebsormidiophyceae and Streptofilum . Journal of Phycology . 59 . 6 . 1133–1146 . en . 10.1111/jpy.13359 . 0022-3646. free . 37548118 . 2023JPcgy..59.1133G .

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