Cliché Explained

A cliché (or ; in French kliʃe/) is a saying, idea, or element of an artistic work that has become overused to the point of losing its original meaning or effect, even to the point of being weird, irritating, or bland, especially when at some earlier time it was considered meaningful or novel.[1] In phraseology, the term has taken on a more technical meaning, referring to an expression imposed by conventionalized linguistic usage.[2]

The term, which is typically pejorative, is often used in modern culture for an action or idea that is expected or predictable, based on a prior event. Clichés may or may not be true.[3] Some are stereotypes, but some are simply truisms and facts.[4] Clichés often are employed for comedic effect, typically in fiction.

Most phrases now considered clichéd originally were regarded as striking but have lost their force through overuse.[5] The French poet Gérard de Nerval once said, "The first man who compared woman to a rose was a poet, the second, an imbecile."[6]

A cliché is often a vivid depiction of an abstraction that relies upon analogy or exaggeration for effect, often drawn from everyday experience.[7] [8] Used sparingly, it may succeed, but the use of a cliché in writing, speech, or argument is generally considered a mark of inexperience or a lack of originality.

Etymology

The word cliché is borrowed from French, where it is a past passive participle of clicher, 'to click', used as a noun; cliché is attested from 1825 and originated in the printing trades.[9] The term cliché was adopted as printers' jargon to refer to a stereotype, electrotype, cast plate or block print that could reproduce type or images repeatedly.[10] [9] It has been suggested that the word originated from the clicking sound in "dabbed" printing (a particular form of stereotyping in which the block was impressed into a bath of molten type-metal to form a matrix). Through this onomatopoeia, cliché came to mean a ready-made, oft-repeated phrase.[11]

Usage

Various dictionaries recognize a derived adjective clichéd, with the same meaning.[12] [13] [14] Cliché is sometimes used as an adjective,[13] [14] although some dictionaries do not recognize it as such,[12] [15] listing the word only as a noun and clichéd as the adjective.

Thought-terminating cliché

See main article: Thought-terminating cliché.

Thought-terminating clichés, also known as thought-stoppers, or semantic stopsigns,[16] are words or phrases that discourage critical thought and meaningful discussion about a given topic.[17] They are typically short, generic truisms that offer seemingly simple answers to complex questions or that distract attention away from other lines of thought.[17] They are often sayings that have been embedded in a culture's folk wisdom and are tempting to say because they sound true or good or like the right thing to say. Some examples are: "Stop thinking so much", "here we go again", and "so what, what effect do my [individual] actions have?"

The term was popularized by psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton in his 1961 book, .[17] Lifton wrote, "The language of the totalist environment is characterized by the thought-terminating cliché. The most far-reaching and complex of human problems are compressed into brief, highly reductive, definitive-sounding phrases, easily memorized and easily expressed. These become the start and finish of any ideological analysis".[18] Sometimes they are used in a deliberate attempt to shut down debate, manipulate others to think a certain way, or dismiss dissent. However, some people repeat them, even to themselves, out of habit or conditioning, or as a defense mechanism to reaffirm a confirmation bias.

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. [Gary Blake]
  2. Web site: 2021-01-11. Cliché - Examples and Definition of Cliché as a writing device. 2021-09-30. Literary Devices. en-us.
  3. Short Story Library Thick skin and writing, cliché, but true - Published By Casey Quinn • May 10th, 2009 • Category: Casey's Corner
  4. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Cliche The Free Dictionary - Cliche
  5. Book: Mason . David . David Mason (writer) . Nims . John Frederick . John Frederick Nims . 1999 . Western Wind: An Introduction to Poetry . McGraw-Hill . 126 - 127 . 0-07-303180-1.
  6. https://www.linternaute.fr/citation/3622/le-premier-qui-compara-la-femme-a-une-rose-etait--gerard-de-nerval/ Quotations of Gérard de Nerval
  7. Book: Loewen, Nancy. Talking Turkey and Other Clichés We Say. 2011. Capstone. 978-1404862722. 11.
  8. Web site: Definition of Cliché. 3 January 2014.
  9. Web site: cliche . www.etymonline.com . Online Etymology Dictionary . 19 May 2019.
  10. Book: Westwood, Alison. The Little Book of Clichés. Canary Press eBooks. 1907795138.
  11. Book: Knight, Edward Henry. Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary: A Description of Tools, Instruments, Machines, Processes, and Engineering; History of Inventions; General Technological Vocabulary; and Digest of Mechanical Appliances in Science and the Arts. 1881. Houghton, Mifflin. en.
  12. Book: cliche . n.d. . The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition . https://web.archive.org/web/20050109211752/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/cliche . dead . 2005-01-09 . 2010-10-21 .
  13. Book: cliché . Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary . 2010 . 2010-02-21.
  14. Book: Dictionary.com Unabridged . cliché . n.d. . 2010-02-21.
  15. Book: Brown . Lesley . New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary . 1993 . cliché . Clarendon Press . 0-19-861271-0 . registration .
  16. Web site: Semantic Stopsigns. Yudkowsky. Eliezer. Eliezer Yudkowsky. Less Wrong. 24 Aug 2007. 26 Aug 2018.
  17. Book: Kathleen Taylor. Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control. 27 July 2006. OUP Oxford. 978-0-19-920478-6. 21.
  18. Book: Lifton, Robert J. . Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of Brainwashing in China . 429 . 1989 . UNC Press. 978-0-8078-4253-9.

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