STATH explained

Statherin is a protein in humans that is encoded by the STATH gene.^{[1] [2]} It prevents the precipitation of calcium phosphate in saliva, maintaining a high calcium level in saliva available for remineralisation of tooth enamel and high phosphate levels for buffering.^[3]

Further reading

• Schlesinger DH, Hay DI . Complete covalent structure of statherin, a tyrosine-rich acidic peptide which inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation from human parotid saliva . J. Biol. Chem. . 252 . 5 . 1689–95 . 1977 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)40603-X . 838735 . free .
• Raj PA, Johnsson M, Levine MJ, Nancollas GH . Salivary statherin. Dependence on sequence, charge, hydrogen bonding potency, and helical conformation for adsorption to hydroxyapatite and inhibition of mineralization . J. Biol. Chem. . 267 . 9 . 5968–76 . 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42650-6 . 1313424 . free .
• Douglas WH, Reeh ES, Ramasubbu N, Raj PA, Bhandary KK, Levine MJ . Statherin: a major boundary lubricant of human saliva . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 180 . 1 . 91–7 . 1991 . 1718282 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81259-8 .
• Johnsson M, Richardson CF, Bergey EJ, Levine MJ, Nancollas GH . The effects of human salivary cystatins and statherin on hydroxyapatite crystallization . Arch. Oral Biol. . 36 . 9 . 631–6 . 1992 . 1741693 . 10.1016/0003-9969(91)90014-L .
• Ramasubbu N, Reddy MS, Bergey EJ, Haraszthy GG, Soni SD, Levine MJ . Large-scale purification and characterization of the major phosphoproteins and mucins of human submandibular-sublingual saliva . Biochem. J. . 280 (Pt 2) . Pt 2 . 341–52 . 1992 . 1747107 . 1130552 . 10.1042/bj2800341.
• Sabatini LM, He YZ, Azen EA . Structure and sequence determination of the gene encoding human salivary statherin . Gene . 89 . 2 . 245–51 . 1990 . 2373369 . 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90012-G .
• Sabatini LM, Warner TF, Saitoh E, Azen EA . Tissue distribution of RNAs for cystatins, histatins, statherin, and proline-rich salivary proteins in humans and macaques . J. Dent. Res. . 68 . 7 . 1138–45 . 1990 . 2483725 . 10.1177/00220345890680070101 . 36679891 .
• Dickinson DP, Ridall AL, Levine MJ . Human submandibular gland statherin and basic histidine-rich peptide are encoded by highly abundant mRNA's derived from a common ancestral sequence . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 149 . 2 . 784–90 . 1988 . 3426601 . 10.1016/0006-291X(87)90436-0 .
• Oppenheim FG, Hay DI, Smith DJ, Offner GD, Troxler RF . Molecular basis of salivary proline-rich protein and peptide synthesis: cell-free translations and processing of human and macaque statherin mRNAs and partial amino acid sequence of their signal peptides . J. Dent. Res. . 66 . 2 . 462–6 . 1987 . 3476566 . 10.1177/00220345870660021301 . 22104713 .
• Perinpanayagam HE, Van Wuyckhuyse BC, Ji ZS, Tabak LA . Characterization of low-molecular-weight peptides in human parotid saliva . J. Dent. Res. . 74 . 1 . 345–50 . 1995 . 7876428 . 10.1177/00220345950740011001 . 19598742 .
• Gururaja TL, Levine MJ . Solid-phase synthesis and characterization of human salivary statherin: a tyrosine-rich phosphoprotein inhibitor of calcium phosphate precipitation . Pept. Res. . 9 . 6 . 283–9 . 1997 . 9048421 .
• Iontcheva I, Oppenheim FG, Troxler RF . Human salivary mucin MG1 selectively forms heterotypic complexes with amylase, proline-rich proteins, statherin, and histatins . J. Dent. Res. . 76 . 3 . 734–43 . 1997 . 9109822 . 10.1177/00220345970760030501 . 39525421 .
• Iontcheva I, Oppenheim FG, Offner GD, Troxler RF . Molecular mapping of statherin- and histatin-binding domains in human salivary mucin MG1 (MUC5B) by the yeast two-hybrid system . J. Dent. Res. . 79 . 2 . 732–9 . 2000 . 10728974 . 10.1177/00220345000790020601 . 27558675 .
• Gilbert M, Shaw WJ, Long JR, Nelson K, Drobny GP, Giachelli CM, Stayton PS . Chimeric peptides of statherin and osteopontin that bind hydroxyapatite and mediate cell adhesion . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 21 . 16213–8 . 2000 . 10748043 . 10.1074/jbc.M001773200 . free .
• Yao Y, Lamkin MS, Oppenheim FG . Pellicle precursor protein crosslinking characterization of an adduct between acidic proline-rich protein (PRP-1) and statherin generated by transglutaminase . J. Dent. Res. . 79 . 4 . 930–8 . 2000 . 10831095 . 10.1177/00220345000790040801 . 37029459 .
• Tamaki N, Tada T, Morita M, Watanabe T . Comparison of inhibitory activity on calcium phosphate precipitation by acidic proline-rich proteins, statherin, and histatin-1 . Calcif. Tissue Int. . 71 . 1 . 59–62 . 2003 . 12060866 . 10.1007/s00223-001-1084-0 . 38221230 .
• Yao Y, Berg EA, Costello CE, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG . Identification of protein components in human acquired enamel pellicle and whole saliva using novel proteomics approaches . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 7 . 5300–8 . 2003 . 12444093 . 10.1074/jbc.M206333200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Sabatini LM, Carlock LR, Johnson GW, Azen EA . cDNA cloning and chromosomal localization (4q11-13) of a gene for statherin, a regulator of calcium in saliva . Am J Hum Genet . 41 . 6 . 1048–60 . Jan 1988 . 3502720 . 1684366 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: STATH statherin.
3. Hay DI, Smith DJ, Schluckebier SK, Moreno EC . Relationship between concentration of human salivary statherin and inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation in stimulated human parotid saliva . J. Dent. Res. . 63 . 6 . 857–63 . 1984 . 6429216 . 10.1177/00220345840630060901. 72916849 .