| Salzburg | |
| Settlement Type: | Federal state |
| Flag Size: | 120px |
| Anthem: | Salzburger Landeshymne |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Salzburg |
| Governing Body: | Landtag of Salzburg |
| Leader Party: | ÖVP |
| Leader Title: | Governor |
| Leader Name: | Wilfried Haslauer |
| Leader Title1: | Deputy Governors |
| Area Total Km2: | 7052.88 |
| Population Total: | 562606 |
| Population As Of: | 2022 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | GDP |
| Demographics1 Footnotes: | [1] |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Total |
| Demographics1 Info1: | €29.926 billion (2021) |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics1 Info2: | €53,300 (2021) |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Iso Code: | AT-5 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | HDI (2019) |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 0.939[2] · 2nd of 9 |
| Blank Name Sec2: | NUTS Region |
| Blank Info Sec2: | AT3 |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Votes in Bundesrat |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | 4 (of 62) |
| Website: | www.salzburg.gv.at |
Salzburg (pronounced as /de-AT/, pronounced as /de/;Soizbuag|label=[[Bavarian language|Austro-Bavarian]], also known as Salzburgerland; Italian: Salisburghese) is an Austrian federal state. In German it is called a German: Bundesland, a German-to-English dictionary translates that to federal state and the European Commission calls it a province. In German, its official name is German: Land Salzburg, to distinguish it from its eponymous capital Salzburg. For centuries, it was an independent Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire. It borders Germany and Italy.
Salzburg State covers an area of . It stretches along its main river — the Salzach – which rises in the Central Eastern Alps in the south to the Alpine foothills in the north. It is located in the north-west of Austria, close to the border with the German state of Bavaria; to the northeast lies the federal state Upper Austria; to the east the federal state Styria; to the south the federal states Carinthia and Tyrol. With 561,714 inhabitants, it is one of the country's smaller federal states in terms of population.
Running through the south are the main ranges of the Alpine divide (incl. the Hohe Tauern mountains) with numerous three-thousanders. The Dachstein massif and the Berchtesgaden Alps ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps border Salzburg State to the east and north.
The federal state is traditionally subdivided in five major regions (Gaue), congruent with its political districts (Bezirke, see administrative divisions).
Salzburg municipalities with town privileges:
Wals-Siezenheim, a common municipality with about 12,000 inhabitants, is known as 'Austria's largest village'.
See also: Archbishopric of Salzburg. Salt mining has played an important role in the region's development; Salzburg means "salt city".
Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an independent prince-bishopric and State of the Holy Roman Empire until German Mediatisation in 1803.
The territory was secularized and, as the Electorate of Salzburg, given as compensation to Ferdinand III, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, the brother of Emperor Francis II.
Following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz in 1805, Salzburg was annexed by Austria as compensation for the loss of Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria, and Ferdinand was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg.
After Austria's defeat in 1809, the federal state was handed over to Bavaria in 1810.
In 1816, following the defeat of Napoleon and the provision of adequate compensation to Bavaria at the Congress of Vienna, it was returned to Austria with the exception of the north-western Rupertiwinkel which remained Bavarian. The Salzburger Land was administered as the department of Salzach from Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. In 1849 the Duchy of Salzburg was established as a crown land of the Austrian Empire and, after 1866, Austria-Hungary.
Salzburg participated in World War I, as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 49,000 Salzburgers were called to arms, of whom 6,000 were killed.[3]
In 1918 after World War I, the Duchy of Salzburg was dissolved and replaced with the State of Salzburg, as a component part initially of German Austria and subsequently of the First Republic of Austria, the separate state which was mandated by the Allied powers.
As a result of Germany's annexation of Austria in 1938, Austria, including Salzburg State, was incorporated into Nazi Germany.
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the Allies occupied the territory of Austria, being recognized as an independent territory under their rule. Salzburg State was occupied by the United States.
In 1955, Austria was again declared an independent state and Salzburg was once again one of the reconstituted federal states of the Second Republic of Austria.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:28PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20DateFormat = x.yPeriod = from:0 till:580TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalAlignBars = lateScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50 start:0ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
PlotData= color:skyblue width:22 shift:(-60,-5) fontsize:M anchor:till bar:1869 from:0 till:153 text:153,159 bar:1880 from:0 till:164 text:163,570 bar:1890 from:0 till:174 text:173,510 bar:1900 from:0 till:193 text:192,763 bar:1910 from:0 till:215 text:214,737 bar:1923 from:0 till:223 text:222,831 bar:1934 from:0 till:246 text:245,801 bar:1939 from:0 till:257 text:257,226 bar:1951 from:0 till:327 text:327,232 bar:1961 from:0 till:347 text:347,292 bar:1971 from:0 till:405 text:405,115 bar:1981 from:0 till:442 text:442,301 bar:1991 from:0 till:482 text:482,365 bar:2001 from:0 till:515 text:515,327 bar:2011 from:0 till:532 text:531,721 bar:2021 from:0 till:561 text:560,710
TextData= fontsize:M pos:(35,20) text:"Source: Statistik Austria"
Salzburg adopted its current provincial constitution in 1999. The provincial government (Landesregierung) is headed by a governor (Landeshauptmann), who is elected by a majority in the provincial parliament Landtag. Provincial elections are held every five years.
After World War II, most provincial governments were led by the conservative Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). ÖVP politician Josef Klaus (1910-2001), later chancellor of Austria, served as governor of Salzburg from 1949 till 1961. In 2004 Gabi Burgstaller became the first Social Democratic (and first female) governor of Salzburg.The last results, in April 2023 (Compared to 2018) were:
The current governor of Salzburg, Wilfried Haslauer (ÖVP), entered into coalition discussions with the FPÖ, after his proposition of a ÖVP-FPÖ-SPÖ coalition was rejected by the Social Democrats. Haslauer said "I regret that we could not implement the Alliance for Salzburg". After successful coalition negotiations, the ÖVP and the FPÖ entered into a governing coalition with Haslauer as the Governor and Marlene Svazek as the First Deputy Governor.https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/right-wing-coalition-to-govern-in-salzburg-gives-foretaste-of-upcoming-elections/ Salzburg State has joined Lower Austria and Upper Austria as the third black-blue coalition provincial government. The ÖVP has four seats in the government, while the FPÖ has three.[4] The current president (speaker) of the Salzburg federal state parliament is Brigitta Pallauf.
Party Votes in % Change Seats Change Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) 30.37% 7.4% 12 3 Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) 25.75% 6.9% 10 3 Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) 17.87% 2.1% 7 1 bgcolor=#800000 Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) 11.66% 11.3% 4 4 The Greens – The Green Alternative (GRÜNE) 8.20% 1.1% 3 - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum (NEOS) 4.20% 3.1% 0 3 We are Salzburg (WIRS) 1.19% 1.2% 0 New MFG Austria - People, Freedom, Fundamental Rights (MFG) 0.77% 0.8% 0 New
Government ministers and their portfolios from the 2023 provincial election.
Salzburg State comprises six districts, known as Bezirke or vernacularly Gaue:
Salzburg city is its own administrative district.
The federal state is divided into 119 municipalities, including Salzburg City. 11 of them have city status (Städte), 25 are market towns (Marktgemeinden) and the other 83 are simple municipalities (Gemeinden). Below is a list of all the municipalities divided by district:
The federal state's gross domestic product (GDP) was 29 billion € in 2018, accounting for 7.5% of the Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 46,500 € or 154% of the EU27 average in the same year. Salzburg is the federal state with the highest GDP per capita in Austria before Vienna.[5]
The Salzburg Cathedral was the first Baroque building in the German-speaking artistic world. Two other important buildings initiated by the Salzburg archbishops were Hohenwerfen Castle and Hohensalzburg Fortress. The first Archbishop of Salzburg was Arno of Salzburg (785–821), in whose honor the world-famous hiking circuit — the Arnoweg — is named.
The predominant stylistic elements of Salzburg's architecture have their origins in the Baroque and the Rococo periods.
Salzburg City's historic centre was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Austrian German is the local written language, and it can be heard especially in the cities. Austro-Bavarian is also spoken, especially in the rural areas and the common language of Salzburgerland.
Altenmarkt im Pongau, Flachau, Wagrain, St. Johann, Zell am See (Saalbach-Hinterglemm), Obertauern, Bad Gastein, Rauris, Lofer, Hochkönig, Krispl