In sport, some national and club teams include one or more stars as part of (or beside) the team badge (often referred to as a "crest") appearing on their kits, often on the shirts, to represent important achievements for the team's history. Generally inspired by the star symbol in heraldry, since the late 1950s, when it was introduced for the first time in association football, various national governing bodies at club level and some confederations have also regulated the practice.
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), at an international level, was the first federation to regulate the addition of stars to crests in recognition of a significant number of titles in a specific competition, such as league tournaments, confederations' continental championships, club world titles and the FIFA World Cup. Due to the positive reception in the public opinion, it was subsequently introduced in other disciplines, mostly in team sports, but also in e-sports.In all continents and continental competitions, a star is awarded to the champion, and in some countries and domestic competitions, with the number of championships in the league, according to the rules of the domestic league, the champion teams can add a star to the logo, but in the Asian continent and competitions Some countries do not follow this rule and this rule is not seen in the rules of the country leagues of this continent
The first team in sports history to adopt a star was Juventus,[1] who added one golden star with five points in the team's shirt, after Italian Football Federation (FIGC) approval, in 1958 to represent their tenth Italian Football Championship and Serie A title, at the time, the new national record.[2] This was an extension of the existing convention by which the reigning champions are entitled to display the scudetto on their shirts for the following season. Inspired in the it|Stella d'oro al merito sportivo|Golden Stars for Sports Merit, an honorary award given in Italy by CONI since 1933, the star was later formally adopted by the rest of the sporting organizations in the country as a symbol for ten titles, and the ratio of one star for ten titles has become the "most common" arrangement worldwide.[3]
Juventus unofficially won their 30th league title in 2011–12, but a dispute with the Italian Football Federation, who stripped Juventus of their 2004–05 title and did not assign to them the 2005–06 title due to their involvement in a 2006 Italian football scandal, left their official total at 28. However, they elected to wear no stars at all the following season.[4] Juventus won their 30th title in 2013–14 and thus earned the right to wear their third star, however, club president Andrea Agnelli stated that the club suspended the use of the stars until another team wins their 20th championship, thus having the right to wear two stars, "to emphasise the difference".[5] However, for the 2015–16 season, Juventus reintroduced the stars and added the third star to their jersey as well with new kit manufacturers Adidas.[6]
In Scotland, Rangers displayed five stars above the badge on their shirts in 2003 to symbolize their 50 league titles. Celtic, who also have more than 50 league titles, have one star above their badge to represent their triumph in the 1967 European Cup. Aberdeen displayed two stars to commemorate their 1980s wins in the European Cup Winners' Cup and European Super Cup.[7]
Germany has two official star systems operating in parallel. In 2004, the DFL, which governs the Bundesliga (the top two divisions), introduced Verdiente Meistervereine (roughly "distinguished champion clubs"). This has a sliding scale of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 stars for 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 titles.[8] It includes only Bundesliga titles, excluding titles from before the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, and from the former East German League. Dynamo Berlin (playing in the fourth level) unilaterally began wearing three unapproved stars for its East German titles.[9] In November 2005, the DFB, which governs non-Bundesliga football, allowed former champions playing outside the Bundesliga to display a single star inscribed with the number of titles.[10] In 2007, Dynamo Berlin switched to a single approved star inscribed with the number 10. Greuther Fürth retains three silver stars on its club badge to celebrate three pre-Bundesliga titles, but the stars are not featured on its shirts.
Major League Soccer's previously informal system, one star per MLS Cup title, was standardized in 2006, with the defending champions wearing the MLS Scudetto, like the Serie A system, for one season before adding a new star. Starting in 2012, the Scudetto was replaced with a single gold star worn by reigning champions above any other silver championship stars. In 2016, this system changed again in recognition of the LA Galaxy's fifth championship title: champion clubs during their title defence wore an oversized gold star (featuring the year of the league win) above other smaller stars set in silver; clubs with five championships (presently only the Galaxy) will wear one gold star; and teams with one-to-four MLS Cup wins will wear one silver star for each victory.[11] In 2020 the system was changed again with the defending champion receiving a silver star and wearing a redesigned MLS scudetto on their sleeve for the following season.
In Australia, they also use a system based around different coloured stars for different trophy wins: Australian winners of the AFC Champions League will wear a gold star inscribed with the number of wins, while A-League and W-League victory is recognised with a silver star similarly embossed; reigning league or FFA Cup champions will also wear a gold competition emblem in the season following the championship.[12]
Occasionally, stars are added to badges of successor or phoenix clubs for the achievements of defunct predecessors. An example of this is the Tampa Bay Rowdies. They added a star to represent the Soccer Bowl, the championship of the original NASL, won by the original Tampa Bay Rowdies in 1975. The club has since added a second star, after the new club won the 2012 edition of the resurrected Soccer Bowl in the new NASL, and kept both stars upon joining the USL Championship. MLS teams who won titles in other leagues prior to joining the MLS do not retain the stars worn by the old clubs when they joined the MLS.[13] In the case of the Impact, the new team paid tribute to the former team's first title through the stripes on their badge.[14]
As well as predecessor clubs, victories in the national leagues of defunct countries have also been represented by stars. FC Dynamo Kyiv have two stars, commemorating championships won in the Soviet and Ukrainian football league systems. The same is true of Belgrade clubs Partizan and Red Star who have won titles in Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro and present-day Serbia, while Spartak Moscow's four stars for every five league titles refer to their 22 Soviet Top League and Russian Football Premier League titles.
The star has given rise to a byword to winning trophies. Examples of this include when Fawaz Al-Hasawi, then owner of English side Nottingham Forest, was quoted as saying "maybe [Nottingham Forest] will have a third star", in reference to Forest's two European Cups;[15] and France international Paul Pogba's comments when asked about stars in the days before the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final: "Croatia do not have stars – they want one. They have done very well and they want the victory, like us. But I do not have a star. It's on the shirt, but I did not win it. We want to go looking for it like all players."[16]
Brazil had two stars above their badge in 1968. It was used briefly (friendly matches only) and then removed. After winning their third World Cup in 1970, three stars were officially added and Italy did likewise in 1982. Germany added three in 1996, one in each of the German flag's colours. All world champions have since followed suit. Brazil, Italy, and Germany have since added more stars, after they won later tournaments, while Argentina are the most recent nation to add a star, commemorating their 2022 triumph less than an hour after victory in the Final.[17]
Uruguay display four stars, including their triumphs in the 1924 and 1928 Olympics, which are regarded as FIFA amateur world championships by the governing body. The 1924 FIFA Congress ruled, "on condition that the Olympic Football Tournament takes place in accordance with the Regulations of FIFA, the latter shall recognize this as a world football championship",[18] [19] and the 1924 and 1928 championships are regarded as equivalent to World Cups in the 1984 Official History of FIFA.[18] [19]
In the equipment regulations for FIFA competitions, section 16.1 states, "Those Member Associations that have won one or more of the previous editions of the FIFA World Cup or the FIFA Women's World Cup may display on the Playing Equipment used by their first men's or women's representative teams a five-pointed star, or other symbol as instructed by FIFA, per edition of the FIFA World Cup (men's shirt) or FIFA Women's World Cup (women's shirt) won by the Member Association."[20] The form of symbol is now specified, the accompanying illustrative example depicts a gold star.[20]
Some national teams, especially ones in Africa, wear stars for winning continental competitions. For example, Egypt has seven stars above their badge for their seven Africa Cup of Nations wins, but these stars can only be worn during continental competitions, not FIFA competitions.
More recently, club teams have added stars either upon winning a landmark trophy, or in response to a rival team's having added stars. In the Romanian first league, Steaua uses 2 stars above their badge since they won their 20th title. Since then Dinamo added a star for the 18 championships they won. Manchester United sported a star in their UEFA Champions League matches on their special European home kit between 1997 and 1999.[21] To celebrate their second victory that year, they added an extra star to that kit for the 1999–00 season. Liverpool likewise wore four stars in 2001–02, their first campaign in the competition since the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. They wore five stars in the competition in 2005–06 after their fifth victory. Instead of stars, UEFA introduced a multiple winner badge in 2000–01 season, currently worn by five teams who have won the Champions League either five times or more in total, or three times in a row.
Occasionally, stars are temporarily added for one season, usually to commemorative kits to celebrate the anniversary of a particular event in the club's history. Burnley sported two stars on their 2006–07 shirt, for the club's 125th anniversary, to celebrate their two league titles in 1921 and 1960. Likewise Bury in 2009–10, also for their 125th anniversary, commemorating their 1900 and 1903 FA Cup triumphs; Bury have since revived the stars, from 2011 to 2012, after a season's absence.[22] Commemorating anniversaries in this way is not confined to English clubs: Peruvian side Universitario celebrated their 90th anniversary by adding 26 stars to their kits worn home[23] and away.[24] This is not a practice limited to clubs, as in 2004, Denmark wore a star on their shirts specially for Euro 2004, to commemorate their victory in the competition in 1992.
In women's football, the emerging ad hoc standard is to wear stars on the sleeve instead of above the badge. Two of the four teams that have won the FIFA Women's World Cup to date – Norway and Germany – use this practice, as did three-time Women's World Cup winners, the USA, until moving the stars to the back collar in 2007. The United States has returned its stars to above the badge on their new uniforms for the 2011 Women's World Cup,[25] and have added a third and fourth star since their 2015 and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup championships.[26]
Boca Juniors of Argentina are noted for adding a star to their official badge for every major trophy won in the club's history, and currently have over 70 stars. However, the badge on the club shirts only features 52 stars due to space.
The practice of using stars to signify major titles has spread to other football codes, and to unrelated sports. For example, in 2009, Meath senior Gaelic football team began wearing seven stars on their jerseys, signifying their seven All-Ireland Senior Football Championships.[27] In rugby union, Toulon added a star above its badge after winning the Heineken Cup in 2013, added a second star immediately after winning the same competition in 2014[28] and a third after winning the inaugural European Rugby Champions Cup in 2015; English rugby union side Saracens F.C. also added 3 stars on their shirt while Leinster Rugby added 4 stars.. English rugby union side Sale Sharks wear a gold star in tribute to their sole Premiership title.[29] In basketball, the men's team of Indiana University Bloomington added five stars to its shorts, representing its five NCAA championships, for the 2015 NCAA tournament, and made the stars at that location a permanent fixture for the 2015–16 season.[30] The Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association have 17 stars around the logo at center court for their 17 league titles, but do not wear stars on their uniforms. In intercontinental cricket competitions, the India national cricket team at one point featured three stars above their crest to represent its two ODI Cricket World Cup championships from 1983 and 2011 and one ICC Men's T20 World Cup championship from 2007.[31] However, for the 2023 Cricket World Cup, the team opted to use a two star jersey because the third star represented a title from a T20 competition.[32]
Other than stars, Royal Engineers A.F.C. adopted the FA Cup as their badge. Clapham Rovers badge written with "F.A. Cup winners 1880".[33] F.C. Vado integrated the symbol of the Coppa Italia, the Coccarda, into their badge. Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team adopted Mercedes-Benz logo, Xelajú MC adopted crescents above their crest, NCAA basketball teams sponsored by Nike adopted a golden or silver patch while NBA team wear golden patch on the back collar with their number of titles won.
Excluding the temporary stars, the following teams have chosen to add stars to their shirts:
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World Cup | 1971 | 5 | Third win was in 1970; fourth and fifth stars added after 1994 and 2002 wins. Briefly wore 2 stars on a tour of Europe in 1968.[34] [35] | ||
| World Cup | 1982 | 4 | Added after third win; fourth star added after the 2006 win. Incorporated into the badge from 2005 to 2017.[36] | ||
| World Cup | 1996 | 4 | Stars first added during Euro 1996 qualification, representing wins in 1954, 1974 and 1990 (as "West Germany"). Worn above the badge. Fourth win was in 2014. | ||
| World Cup and Olympics | 1992 | 4 (2+2) | Represent 2 Olympic football titles (1924 & 1928) and 2 World Cups (1930 & 1950) | ||
| World Cup | 2004 | 3 | Titles won in 1978, 1986 and 2022. The stars were added in 2004.[37] | ||
| World Cup | 1998 | 2 | Titles won in 1998 and 2018. The first star that was added above their badge was unveiled at their opening qualifying game for Euro 2000. | ||
| World Cup | 2003 | 1 | Title won in 1966. Star added in 2003 after a campaign on Sky Sports' Soccer AM programme, first worn on the sleeve. | ||
| World Cup | 2010 | 1 | Title won in 2010. Spain played in their away kit for the final, but upon winning the World Cup they changed into their home kit, complete with a star above the badge, for the presentation ceremony. |
Currently, Brazil, Germany, Italy, England and Uruguay use the same logo as in football.
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Futsal World Cup | 1989 | 5 | Titles won in 1989, 1992, 1996, 2008 and 2012. | ||
| Futsal World Cup | 2004 | 2 | Titles won in 2000 and 2004. | ||
| Futsal World Cup | 2016 | 1 | Title won in 2016. | ||
| Futsal World Cup | 2021 | 1 | Title won in 2021. |
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa Futsal Cup of Nations | 1 |
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMF Futsal World Cup | 2 | ||||
| AMF Futsal World Cup | 3 | ||||
| AMF Futsal World Cup | 1 |
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMF Futsal World Cup | 1 |
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beach Soccer World Cup | 2013 | 3 | Titles won in 2011, 2013 and 2021. | ||
| Beach Soccer World Cup | 2015 | 2 | Titles won in 2015 and 2019. |
Currently team jersey feature star which represent continental champion does not necessary feature in FIFA tournament. However this is only feature during World Cup qualifiers, continental competition and friendly match.
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAFF Championship | 2021 | 2 | Titles won in 2008 and 2018. | ||
| Asian Cup | 2021 | 1 | Title won in 2007. | ||
| Asian Cup | 2021 | 1 | Title won in 2019. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2000 | 7 | Titles won in 1957, 1959, 1986 and 1998. Subsequent stars added after their 2006, 2008 and 2010 triumphs. The star is also feature for beach soccer national team. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2004 | 5 | Titles won in 1984, 1988, 2000 and 2002. A fifth star was added after their 2017 victory. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2010 | 2 | Title won in 1990. Second star added after 2019 win. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2013 | 2 | Titles won in 1968 and 1974. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2010 | 2 | Title won in 1992. Second star added after 2015 win. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2004 | 1 | Title won in 2004. Although the star didn't feature at 2021 Africa Cup of Nations. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2020 | 1 | Title won in 1996. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2022 | 1 | Title won in 1970. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2022 | 1 | Title won in 1962. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2024 | 1 | Title won in 2021. | ||
| Africa Cup of Nations | 2024 | 1 | Title won in 2012. |
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viva World Cup | 3 | 2008, 2009, 2010 | |||
| ConIFA World Football Cup | 1 | 2014 |
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women's World Cup | 1991 | 4 | Worn on the chest, worn on the back collar between 2007 and 2011 and until early 2007 worn on the sleeve. Second star added following the victory in the 1999 World Cup. Third and fourth stars added following the back-to-back triumphs in the 2015 and 2019 World Cups. | ||
| Women's World Cup | 2003 | 2 | Until 2003 the three stars of the men's team had been worn. Second star added for their 2007 victory. | ||
| Women's World Cup | 1995 | 1 | Worn on the chest, worn on the sleeve until 2015. | ||
| Women's World Cup | 2011 | 1 | Title won in 2011. | ||
| Women's World Cup | 2023 | 1 | Title won in 2023. |
| National Team | Title(s) represented | First worn | Number of stars | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women's Africa Cup of Nations | 2008 | 2 | Titles won in 2008 and 2012. |
| width=120 | Club Team ! | width=120 | Country ! | width=200 | Title(s) represented ! | Number of stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hekari United F.C. | OFC Champions League | 1 | 2008–09 | ||||
| Hienghène Sport | New Caledonia Super Ligue | 2 | 2017, 2019 | ||||
| A.S. Dragon (Tahiti) | Tahiti Ligue 1 | 3 | 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17. |
| width=120 | Club Team ! | width=120 | Country ! | width=200 | Title(s) represented ! | Number of stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Sydney Wanderers | AFC Champions League | 1 | Gold star for winning the 2014 AFC Champions League, introduced in 2015. | ||||
| Brisbane Roar | A-League | 1 | Silver star (inscribed with the number 3) for winning the A-League thrice, star added in 2015. | ||||
| Newcastle Jets | A-League | 1 | Silver star for winning the A-League | ||||
| Adelaide United | A-League | 1 | Silver star for winning the A-League. | ||||
| South Melbourne FC | National Soccer League | 4 | |||||
| West Adelaide SC | National Soccer League | 1 | |||||
| Sydney Olympic FC | National Soccer League | 2 | 1990, 2002 | ||||
| Adelaide City FC | National Soccer League | 3 | |||||
| APIA Leichhardt FC | National Soccer League | 1 | |||||
| Wollongong Wolves | National Soccer League, New South Wales state champions | 4 | Two gold stars for NSL victories in 2000 and 2001 and two silver stars for state-level titles in 1987 and 2008.[38] | ||||
| Bankstown City FC | NSW Premier League | 4 | 1993, 1994, 2003/2004, 2004/2005 | ||||
| Darwin Olympic SC | NorZone Premier League | 6 | Each star represent premiers or champions. | ||||
| Oakleigh Cannons FC | National Premier Leagues Victoria | 4 | |||||
| Bashundhara Kings | Bangladesh Premier League (football) | 2 | |||||
| Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng FC | Cambodian Premier League | 2 | |||||
| Shandong Luneng |  China | Chinese Jia-A League, Chinese Super League | 4 | One title per star. | |||
| Guangzhou Evergrande | China | Chinese Super League, AFC Champions League | 2 | One star each for AFC Champions League and Chinese Super League; stars for the respective number of wins (two for ACL, seven for CSL) on sleeves. | |||
| Shanghai SIPG | China | Chinese Super League | 2 | One title per star. | |||
| Wuhan Three Towns | China | Chinese Super League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Jiangsu Suning | China | Chinese Super League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Beijing Guoan | China | Chinese Super League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Changchun Yatai | China | Chinese Super League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Dalian Shide | China | Chinese Super League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Shenzhen Ruby | China | Chinese Super League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Shanghai Shenhua | China | Chinese Super League, Chinese Jia-A League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| South China AA |  Hong Kong | Hong Kong First Division League | 4 | Ten titles per star. | |||
| Eastern Sports Club | Hong Kong | Hong Kong First Division League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Chennai City FC |  India | I-League | 1 | 2018–19 I-League title. | |||
| Gokulam Kerala FC | India | I-League | 2 | 2020–21, 2021–22 | |||
| Churchill Brothers FC Goa | India | I-League | 2 | 2008–09, 2012–13 | |||
| Aizawl F.C. | India | I-League | 1 | 2016–17 I-League title. | |||
| Hyderabad FC | India | Indian Super League | 1 | 2021–22 | |||
| Bengaluru FC | India | I-League, Indian Super League | 3 | 2013–14. 2015,16 I-League title and 2018–19 Indian Super League title | |||
| PSIS Semarang | Liga 1 | 1 | One league title per star; PSIS won the Premier Division title at 1998–99. | ||||
| Bhayangkara Presisi Indonesia | Liga 1 | 1 | One league title per star; Bhayangkara won the Premier Division title in 2017 | ||||
| Bali United | Liga 1 | 2 | One league title per star; Bali won Premier Division title in 2019 and 2021. | ||||
| Persib Bandung | 3 | One league title per star; Persib had won Premier Division titles in 1995, 2014, and 2024. | |||||
| Persija Jakarta | Perserikatan and Liga 1 | 1 (11) | Ten league title per star; Persija had nine Perserikatan titles, one Premier Division title, in 2001, and one Liga 1 title in 2018. | ||||
| Persik Kediri | Liga 1 | 2 | One league title per star; Persik won Premier Division titles in 2003 and 2006. | ||||
| Persipura Jayapura | Liga 1 | 4 | One league title per star; Persipura won four Premier Division titles in 2005, 2009, 2011 and 2013. | ||||
| Semen Padang | Liga 1 | 1 | One league title per star; Semen Padang won its first Premier Division title in 2012. | ||||
| Sriwijaya F.C. | Liga 1 | 2 | One league title per star. Sriwijaya FC had won the Premier Division in 2008 and 2012, but the 2011–12 season was not organized by the Premier Division or PSSI, causing internal conflict, meaning the "real" champions of 2011–12 are Semen Padang. | ||||
| Persepolis | Iranian Football League | 1 | For their record ten championship titles won in Iranian Football League. | ||||
| Esteghlal | Asian Club Championship | 2 | For their Asian Club Championship triumphs. | ||||
| PAS Hamedan | Asian Club Championship | 1 | A star for their Asian Club Championship triumph. | ||||
| Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya |  Iraq | AFC Cup | 3 | Consecutive titles in 2016, 2017 and 2018. | |||
| Al-Faisaly SC | Jordanian Pro League | 3 | Each star represent 10 titles. | ||||
| Gamba Osaka |  Japan | AFC Champions League, J1 League, Emperor's Cup, J.League Cup | 9 | A star for each major title; the star for their sole AFC Champions League title is larger than the others. | |||
| Kashima Antlers | Japan | J1 League, J.League Cup, Emperor's Cup, AFC Champions League | 2 | A star for every ten major titles. | |||
| Urawa Red Diamonds | Japan | J1 League, AFC Champions League | 3 | A large star for each ACL title, a small star for each J1 League title. | |||
| Kawasaki Frontale | Japan | J1 League | 3 | A star for each major title. | |||
| Nagoya Grampus | Japan | J1 League, Emperor's Cup | 3 | A star for each major title. | |||
| Shonan Bellmare | Japan | J.League Cup, Asian Cup Winners' Cup, Emperor's Cup | 3 | A star for each major title. | |||
| Kashiwa Reysol | Japan | J1 League, J.League Cup, Emperor's Cup | 4 | A star for each major title. | |||
| Yokohama F. Marinos | Japan | J1 League | 4 | A star for each J1 League title. | |||
| Tokyo Verdy | Japan | J1 League | 2 | A star for each J1 League title. | |||
| Sanfrecce Hiroshima | Japan | J1 League | 3 | A star for each J1 League title. | |||
| Júbilo Iwata | Japan | J1 League | 3 | A star for each J1 League title. | |||
| Cerezo Osaka | Japan | J.League Cup, Emperor's Cup | 2 | A star for each major title. | |||
| Oita Trinita | Japan | J.League Cup | 1 | A star for each J.League Cup title. | |||
| JEF United Chiba | Japan | J.League Cup | 2 | A star for each J.League Cup title. | |||
| Kyoto Sanga | Japan | Emperor's Cup | 1 | A star for each Emperor's Cup title. | |||
| Vissel Kobe | Japan | Emperor's Cup | 1 | A star for each Emperor's Cup title. | |||
| Blaublitz Akita | Japan | J3 League | 2 | A star for each J3 League title. | |||
| Verspah Oita | Japan | Japan Football League | 1 | A star for each Japan Football League title. | |||
| Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors |  Korea, Republic of | K League Classic | 8 | One title per star. | |||
| Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | Korea, Republic of | K League Classic | 7 | One title per star; six stars introduced in 2003, with seventh star worn since 2007.[39] | |||
| Pohang Steelers | Korea, Republic of | K League Classic | 5 | One title per star. | |||
| Busan IPark | Korea, Republic of | K League Classic | 4 | One title per star: four stars worn since 2010. | |||
| Suwon Samsung Bluewings | Korea, Republic of | K League Classic | 4 | One title per star: three stars introduced initially in 2005, with fourth star added in 2009. | |||
| Ulsan Hyundai | Korea, Republic of | K League Classic | 2 | One title per star; stars added in 1998. | |||
| Gimhae FC | Korea, Republic of | K3 League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Seoul United | Korea, Republic of | K3 League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Daejeon Korail FC | Korea, Republic of | Korea National League | 2 | One title per star. | |||
| Ulsan Citizen FC | Korea, Republic of | K3 League Basic | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Paju Citizen FC | Korea, Republic of | K4 League | 1 | One title per star. | |||
| Yong In University | Korea, Republic of | U-League | 4 | U-League winner in 2015, 2018, other 2 stars are unknown. | |||
| Yeungnam University | Korea, Republic of | U-League | 9 | ||||
| Kuwait SC | Kuwait Premier League | 3 | Each star represent 5 titles | ||||
| Al Ansar | Lebanese Premier League | 1 | Represents ten titles. | ||||
| Windsor Arch Ka I | Liga de Elite | 3 | 2010, 2011, 2012 | ||||
| Kelantan FA |  Malaysia | Malaysian Super League | 2 | One title per star; represents MSL titles won in 2011 and 2012. | |||
| Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. | Malaysia | Malaysian Super League | 3 | Stars were added in 2013 without any meaning until 2016 after JDT won three national titles. The three stars were described by owner of the team Crown Prince of Johor Tunku Ismail Idris as the only person to adopt 3 stars at the badge before winning any trophy.[40] | |||
| FC Ulaanbaatar |  Mongolia | Mongolian National Premier League | 1 | Represents titles won in 2011. | |||
| Ulaanbaatar City FC | Mongolia | Mongolian National Premier League | 1 | Represents titles won in 2019. | |||
| Dhofar Club | Oman Professional League | 1 | 1 star represent 10 titles | ||||
| Al-Sadd |  Qatar | AFC Champions League | 2 | A star for each AFC Champions League triumph. | |||
| Al Hilal |  Saudi Arabia | AFC Champions League, Asian Cup Winners' Cup, Asian Super Cup | 7 | A star for each AFC Champions League, Asian Cup Winners' Cup and Asian Super Cup triumph. | |||
| Geylang International FC | Singapore Premier League | 2 | Titles won in 1996, 2001. | ||||
| Warriors FC | Singapore Premier League | 5 | |||||
| Albirex Niigata Singapore FC | Singapore Premier League | 4 | Titles won in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020. | ||||
| Tishreen SC | Syrian Premier League | 5 | A star for each league title. | ||||
| Tainan City F.C. | Taiwan Football Premier League | 2 | 2020, 2021 | ||||
| Buriram United F.C. |  Thailand | Thai League 1 Thai FA Cup and Thai League Cup | 1 | Treble titles won in 2011. The club did not add any more star. | |||
| Chiangrai United F.C. | Thailand | Thai League 1 | 1 | 2019 | |||
| Bangkok United F.C. | Thailand | Thai League 1 | 1 | 2006 | |||
| Al-Ain |  United Arab Emirates | UAE Pro League | 1 | Represents ten titles; star worn since 2012. | |||
| Sharjah FC | United Arab Emirates | UAE Pro League | 1 | Represents five titles. | |||
| Al-Ahli (Dubai) | United Arab Emirates | UAE Pro League | 2 | Two stars for their ten championship titles in the UAE League: seven with Al-Ahli Dubai FC and three with Al Shabab Al Arabi Club Dubai. | |||
| Pakhtakor |  Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan League | 2 | Each star represents five titles. | |||
| Bunyodkor | Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan League | 1 | Represents five titles. | |||
| Neftchi Fergana | Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan League | 1 | Represents five titles. | |||
| Quảng Nam FC | V.League 1 | 1 | 2017 | ||||
| Hoàng Anh Gia Lai FC | V.League 1 | 2 | 2003, 2004 | ||||
| Long An FC | V.League 1 | 2 | 2005, 2006 | ||||
| SHB Đà Nẵng FC | V.League 1 | 3 | 1992, 2009, 2012 | ||||
| Hanoi FC | V.League 1 | 6 | 2010, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2022 | ||||
| Becamex Bình Dương FC | V.League 1, Vietnamese National Football Cup | 7 (4+3) | 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015. 1994, 2015, 2018 |
| width=120 | Club Team ! | width=120 | Country ! | width=200 | Title(s) represented ! | Number of stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aomori Yamada | All Japan Secondary School Soccer Tournament | 5 | 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 |
| width=120 | Club Team ! | width=120 | Country ! | width=200 | Title(s) represented ! | Number of stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamanashi Gakuin | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament Inter High School Sports Festival | 2 | 2009 All Japan High School Soccer Tournament. 2018 Inter High School Sports Festival | ||||
| Aomori Yamada | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament Prince Takamado Cup Inter High School Sports Festival | 7 | 2005 Inter High School Sports Festival. 2016, 2018 All Japan High School Soccer Tournament. 2016, 2019 Prince Takamado Cup. | ||||
| Ichiritsu Funabashi | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 5 | 1994, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2011 | ||||
| Ishikawa Seiryo | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 1 | 2014 | ||||
| Ichiritsu Urawa | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 4 | 1972, 1964, 1960, 1959 | ||||
| Itabashi Teikyo | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 9 | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament in .1974, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1991. Inter High School Sports Festival in 1976, 1982, 2002. | ||||
| Kansai Hokuyo | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 2 | 1973 All Japan High School Soccer Tournament, 1978 Inter High School Sports Festival. | ||||
| Shiga Yasu | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 1 | 2005 | ||||
| Higashi Fukuoka | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 7 | |||||
| Morioka Shogyo | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 1 | 2006 | ||||
| Toyama Daiichi | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 1 | 2013 | ||||
| Miyazaki Hōshō | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament | 1 | 2012 | ||||
| Ryutsu Keizai Kashiwa | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament Inter High School Sports Festival Prince Takamado Cup | 5 | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament in 2007. Inter High School Sports Festival champion in 2008, 2017. Prince Takamado Cup in 2007, 2013 | ||||
| Hiroshima Kanon | Inter High School Sports Festival | 1 | Inter High School Sports Festival in 2006. | ||||
| Hyōgo Prefecture Youth | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament youth football tournament | 2 | 1982, 2012 | ||||
| Chiba Prefecture Youth | All Japan High School Soccer Tournament youth football tournament | 8 | 1990, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2011 |
| width=120 | Club Team ! | width=120 | Country ! | width=200 | Title(s) represented ! | Number of stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ryutsu Keizai University FC | Regional and nationwide titles | 9 | |||||
| Kansai University | Regional and nationwide titles | 5 | |||||
| Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Regional and nationwide titles | 5 | |||||
| Fukuoka University | Prime Minister Cup | 1 | 2009 |
| width=121 | Club Team ! | width=121 | Country ! | width=201 | Title(s) represented ! | Number of stars | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| JS Kabylie | Various African titles | 7 | Two CAF Champions Leagues (1981, 1990), three CAF Cups (2000, 2001, 2002), one African Cup Winners' Cup (1995) and one CAF Super Cup (1982). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ES Sétif | CAF Champions League | 2 | Two CAF Champions League (1988, 2014) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| USM Alger | CAF Confederation Cup, CAF Super Cup | 2 | Title won in 2023. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MC Alger | CAF Champions League | 1 | Title won in 1976. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CR Belouizdad | Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 | 1 | One star represent 10 titles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canon Yaoundé | CAF Champions League African Cup Winners' Cup | 4 | CAF Champions League titles won in 1971, 1978 and 1980. African Cup Winners' Cup title won in 1979. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Union Douala | CAF Champions League | 2 (1 above + 1 below) | One star for CAF Champions League won in 1979, and one star for African Cup Winners' Cup won in 1981. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TP Mazembe | CAF Champions League, Linafoot | 5 (1 above + 4 below) | Represents ten titles and four CAF Champions Leagues (1967, 1968, 2009, 2010). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AS Vita Club | CAF Champions League | 1 | Title won in 1973.
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Note: Unlike in football which women's teams will adopt men's star on their jersey, Belgium women's national field hockey team does not wear the men's stars on their jersey. Intercontinental (badminton)
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Stars not signifying particular titlesAmerican club Philadelphia Union has 13 stars that represent the 13 original colonies of the United States.[77] Fellow Major League Soccer franchise Montreal Impact had four stars on their badge, which were symbolic of the nationalities of the peoples who founded the city of Montreal, prior to rebranding as CF Montreal. The four nations are regularly used in Montreal imagery, as the city flag and coat of arms both reference them. Minnesota United FC, who also play in Major League Soccer feature a star on their crest representing L'Étoile du Nord, the official motto of the state of Minnesota and the source of the state nickname, The North Star State. The badge of Peñarol of Uruguay has 11 stars for the 11 players.[78] The badge introduced by Manchester City in 1997 had three stars to give it a "more continental feel".[79] The 3 stars do not represent titles or trophies. City brought in a new club badge in 2016 with no stars on it.[80] Sivasspor of Turkey also has three stars on their badge. They do not represent any championships either. Portsmouth F.C. has featured a star (of various designs) in its badge since 1913. The star does not represent trophies or titles won, instead, the Portsmouth badge was based upon symbols found in the official coat of arms owned by Portsmouth City Council. For the 2002–03 season, the badge of Greek club Panathinaikos F.C. had 3 stars. One gold representing the team's partaking in the 1971 European Cup Final, and 2 white stars representing the team's participation at the 1985 European Cup semi-finals and the 1996 UEFA Champions League semi-finals respectively. Because none of these stars represent titles or trophies, opposition fans in Greece mocked this. Following the crash of LaMia Flight 2933, Brazilian club Chapecoense incorporated a star into its badge as a tribute to those who perished in the incident. Yeovil Town added three stars above its crest for 2017–18, for every five seasons they have remained in the English Football League.[81] Forest Green Rovers added three stars to the back of the neck area for 2018–19, to denote progression in the EFL. One star is coloured for promotion to League Two and the other two are faded until they reach the Championship.[82] References |
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