Stabbing of Salman Rushdie explained

Stabbing of Salman Rushdie
Partof:Islamic extremism in the United States
Map:
Zoom:15
Timezone:EDT
Location:Chautauqua Amphitheater[1] Chautauqua Institution, Chautauqua, New York, U.S.
Type:Stabbing
Target:Salman Rushdie
Fatalities:0
Injuries:2
Child:yes
Arrests:1
Accused:Hadi Matar
Motive:Shia Islamic extremism[2] (possible attempted realization of fatwa against Rushdie)

On August 12, 2022, novelist Salman Rushdie was stabbed multiple times as he was about to give a public lecture at the Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York, United States.[3] [4] [5] A 24-year-old suspect, Hadi Matar, was arrested directly and charged the following day with assault and attempted murder. Rushdie was gravely wounded and hospitalized. Interviewer Henry Reese was also injured by the attacker.

Rushdie, an Indian-born British-American, has been threatened with death since 1989, a year after the publication of his novel The Satanic Verses, when the Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued a fatwa calling for his assassination and set a bounty of $3 million for his death. For years, Rushdie had lived in hiding, taking strict security measures that gradually became more relaxed over time.

The government of Iran denied having foreknowledge of the stabbing, although state-controlled agencies of the Iranian media celebrated it. U.S. law enforcement is investigating whether the assailant was in contact with other extremists.

Rushdie's memoir about the attack, , was released on April 16, 2024.

Background

Rushdie had been living under threat of assassination since 1989.[6] The Satanic Verses, his fourth novel, garnered critical acclaim as well as threats from hardliner Shia Muslims upon its 1988 publication.[7] Ayatollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran at the time, issued a 1989 fatwa calling for Rushdie's assassination,[8] [9] forcing Rushdie into hiding for several years.[10] Hitoshi Igarashi, who translated The Satanic Verses in Japanese, was stabbed to death in July 1991. Ten days before, the book's Italian translator Ettore Capriolo was stabbed multiple times at his home in Milan.[11]

The Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order set a US$3million bounty on Rushdie, with the 15 Khordad Foundation offering to pay it.[12] The bounty against Rushdie has never been lifted, though in 1998, the government of Iran looked to distance itself from the fatwa and pledged no longer to urge that it be carried out. In 2017, however, the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, reaffirmed that the edict remained in effect, saying, "The decree is as Imam Khomeini issued."[13] [14]

In the years prior to the stabbing, Rushdie traveled without a security detail, and the Chautauqua festival where he was speaking was known for its "accessible" and "relaxed environment". Two weeks before he was stabbed, Rushdie told German current affairs magazine Stern that "nowadays my life is very normal again", and that social media would have made his life "more dangerous, infinitely more dangerous" had it existed in the 1980s.[15] According to the co-founder of City of Asylum, Henry Reese (who was scheduled to interview Rushdie), the novelist had promised him just before they went onstage together that he would tour the United States to create new opportunities for the asylum and protection of persecuted artists.[16]

Attack

On August 12, 2022 at around 10:47 a.m. EDT, an attacker rushed the stage of Chautauqua Institution, where Rushdie was about to give a talk about the United States as a safe haven for exiled writers. The assailant stabbed him fifteen times with a knife, straining to continue the attack even as several people held him back. One of these people was the co-founder of City of Asylum, Henry Reese, onstage at the time, about to begin interviewing Rushdie.[17] During the assault, Reese sustained a shallow knife wound and deep bruising in the vicinity of his right eye.[18] [19] A doctor who was present for the lecture immediately tended to Rushdie. AP reporter Joshua Goodman was present during the attack.[20]

A New York state trooper and a sheriff's deputy who were present at the event arrested the assailant Hadi Matar, a 24-year-old man from Fairview, New Jersey, at the scene.[21] [22] [23] [24]

Injuries and recovery

Rushdie suffered four wounds to the stomach area of his abdomen, three wounds to the right side of the front part of his neck, one wound to his right eye, one wound to his chest and one wound to his right thigh.[25] He was flown by helicopter to UPMC Hamot, a tertiary-level hospital in Erie, Pennsylvania.[26]

The novelist's literary agent, Andrew Wylie, said on the evening of August 12 that Rushdie had undergone surgery, was on a ventilator, and was unable to speak. Wylie said that Rushdie faced the prospect of losing one of his eyes, in addition to the possibility of liver damage and multiple severed nerves in one arm.[3] [27] On August 13, Wylie said that Rushdie had been taken off the ventilator and was able to speak and joke.[28] [29]

On August 14, Wylie said that Rushdie was on the "road to recovery", adding, "it will be long; the injuries are severe, but his condition is headed in the right direction."[30] Rushdie's son Zafar said, "Though his life-changing injuries are severe, his usual feisty and defiant sense of humour remains intact".[31] [32] [33]

On October 23, Wylie reported that Rushdie had lost sight in one eye and the use of one hand.[34]

By February 6, 2023, Rushdie had recovered enough to appear in an interview with The New Yorker. Speaking about surviving the attack, he stated: "I'm lucky. What I really want to say is that my main overwhelming feeling is gratitude."[35] [36]

Criminal investigation and prosecution

The investigation into Rushdie's stabbing was led by the New York State Police, with assistance from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Chautauqua County's district attorney.[37] [38]

The suspect, Hadi Matar, was charged in NY state court days later with both attempted second-degree murder and second-degree assault, and was remanded without bail.[39] In August 2022, Matar pleaded not guilty.

In July 2024 Matar was indicted and charged in the Federal District Court for the Western District of New York with three crimes: Attempt to Provide Material Support to a Foreign Terrorist Organization; Act of Terrorism Transcending National Boundaries; and Providing Material Support to Terrorists. Attorney General Merrick Garland stated that Matar's attempt to kill Rushdie was "an act of terrorism in the name of Hezbollah", a designated Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). The indictment alleged that Matar was trying to carry out the Iranian fatwa calling for the death of Rushdie, and that he was influenced by a 2006 speech which endorsed it, given by Hezbollah's secretary-general, Hassan Nasrallah.[40] [41] [42] [43]

Suspect

Hadi Matar is a dual national, a citizen of both the US and Lebanon.[40] He was born in California to parents who emigrated from Yaroun, a mixed Shia-Christian village in the south of Lebanon where support for Hezbollah and the Iranian government is common.[28] Matar's father returned to his cinder-block home in Yaroun several years before the attack, and his mother and her three children had recently moved from California to New Jersey.[44] [45] She told the MailOnline that, after a 2018 trip to Lebanon to visit his father, Matar had changed, becoming increasingly isolated and focused on his Islamic faith.[46] [47]

A source in law enforcement told local news that Matar's social media accounts indicated support for the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and for Shia extremism.[48] The New York Post, referencing law enforcement, reported that Matar expressed views in support of the Iranian government.[49] Matar was carrying a false driver's license using the same second name as that of the assassinated Hezbollah leader, Imad Mughniyeh.[50] [51] Matar had obtained an advance pass to attend the event.[50] [52] [53]

Matar in an interview with the New York Post said that he was surprised that Rushdie had survived. He further added that he had read only "a couple pages" of The Satanic Verses, but he did not like Rushdie due to his criticism of Islam and had watched videos of him on YouTube.[54] Matar refused to say whether he had attacked Rushdie because of the fatwa against him, although Matar stated that he respected Khomeini, who had issued it.[55]

Response

United States

A spokesperson for U.S. President Joe Biden issued a statement condemning the attack.[56] United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken vowed to use "every appropriate tool at our disposal" in response, and described Iran as culpable. He pointed out that "Iranian state institutions have incited violence against Rushdie for generations, and state-affiliated media recently gloated about the attempt on his life." He called their behavior "despicable".[57] [58]

On August 19, a public reading of Rushdie's works organized by PEN America was held outside the New York Public Library's Main Branch with many prominent writers taking part, including Paul Auster, Kiran Desai, Roya Hakakian, Aasif Mandvi, and Gay Talese.[59] People unable to attend were urged to hold similar "Stand with Salman" events in their areas.[60]

Rushdie's son Zafar wrote "Free speech is the whole thing, the whole ball game. Free speech is life itself."[61] There were also calls by Muslim activists to condemn the attacker, not Islam or Muslims in general.[62]

On September 14, the Wall Street Journal reported that the "Biden administration is considering sanctions targeting entities linked to Iran for encouraging attacks on Salman Rushdie." The newspaper reported that "U.S. officials say elements of the Iranian regime are liable because of their support for the fatwa" against Rushdie.[63]

Iran

The government of Iran officially denied any involvement in the attack against Rushdie.[64] According to The Observer, senior officials in Iran linked the stabbing to nuclear talks between Iran and the United States.[65] Iranian-American political analyst Mohammad Marandi, a member of Iran's nuclear negotiations team, wrote: "I won't be shedding tears for a writer who spouts endless hatred & contempt for Muslims & Islam."[66] Marandi also alluded to a conspiracy theory suggesting that the action reflected an attempt by Iran's enemies to harm its image, writing "is it a coincidence that just when we are on the verge of revitalising the nuclear agreement, America makes claims about an attempted assassination of Bolton and then this happens?"[67] Marandi's statement referenced the United States Department of Justice's allegation that Iran had planned to assassinate US national security advisor John Bolton in 2020.[68]

The 15 Khordad Foundation, which had offered to pay the bounty on Rushdie, was silent after the attack and did not respond to press inquiries.[69]

Within Iran, conservative newspapers generally welcomed the attack, as well as the state broadcaster (who referred to Rushdie as an apostate), while reformist publications such as Etemad condemned it.[70] [71] [72] [73] [74]

Hezbollah

Hezbollah spokespeople did not respond to requests for comment,[28] but denied all involvement in the attack.[75]

Other nations

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, French President Emmanuel Macron, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz also issued statements of outrage over the attack and expressed well-wishes for Rushdie.[76] [77] [78] [79] [80]

Among Indian politicians who condemned the attack were Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan, Shashi Tharoor and Karti Chidambaram of the Indian National Congress, Communist Party of India (Marxist) general secretary Sitaram Yechury, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) leader Kavita Krishnan and Shiv Sena MP Priyanka Chaturvedi.[81] [82] [83]

In Lebanon, Iran-backed Hezbollah denied any prior knowledge of the incident.[84] [85] However, Hezbollah supporters hailed the attacker on social media, calling him a hero, and using the hashtag "holy stabbing" in their posts.[86]

Imran Khan, former Prime Minister of Pakistan, said "you can't justify what happened" in response to the stabbing.[87]

Cultural effect

The CEO of PEN America commented, "We cannot immediately think of any comparable incident of a public violent attack on a writer during a literary event here in the United States." The New York Times reported that the incident sent "ripples of 'shock and horror' through the literary world".[88] Nobel laureates Kazuo Ishiguro and Abdulrazak Gurnah were among the first to issue statements defending Rushdie, while his fellow Booker Prize winners Ian McEwan and Arundhati Roy also condemned the stabbing.[89] Shortly afterwards, other Booker Prize winners, such as Graham Swift, Margaret Atwood and Ben Okri, would also publish their responses to Rushdie's stabbing.[90] [91] [92] The home page of the Booker Prize's website was also updated to reflect the attack on its "most decorated author" and the website also published an article—written by the Booker Prize Foundation's literary director Gaby Wood—urging people to "celebrate his limitless imagination and his impact on the literary landscape".[93] [94]

On the day of the attack, Islamic studies expert Kylie Moore-Gilbert wrote: "More than 30 years and a $3 million bounty later, Khomeini's poisonous fatwa has finally caught up with Salman Rushdie. A black day for freedoms of speech, expression, religion & conscience. A tragic day for literature."[95] Behrouz Boochani, an Iranian journalist in exile, condemned the stabbing of Rushdie, calling it an "attack on freedom of speech".[96] Hanif Kureishi declared that "The Satanic Verses is the rude contrary of the authoritarian lie".[97] Musician Cat Stevens, who had made comments seemingly endorsing violence against Rushdie in 1989, released a statement on social media condemning the attack and wishing Rushdie a full recovery.[98]

Paul Tighe, secretary of the Pontifical Council for Culture, spoke in support of Rushdie as he opened an exhibition the day after the attack.[99]

Two days after Rushdie was stabbed, France's Goncourt Academy issued a statement in which it said it "condemns the barbaric act for which there can be no justification ... [and] offers its unconditional support and solidarity" to Rushdie.[100]

The assault on Rushdie resulted in renewed interest in obtaining copies of The Satanic Verses, with the novel ranked number thirteen on Amazon.com by the afternoon after he was stabbed.[28] Within days, the novel's Spanish translation was a number one bestseller and other books written by Rushdie, including Midnight's Children, were also selling well, whereas on the day he was stabbed, his books were outside the top 100.[101]

Memoir

Rushdie’s memoir about the attack, , was released on April 16, 2024.[102]

Security at the Chautauqua Institution

Questions were raised after the stabbing of Rushdie about security at the event, although a state trooper and a sheriff's officer were present.[103] Michael Hill, president of the Chautauqua Institution, stated that the Institution had ensured that law enforcement officers were present for the event.[49] He described the assault on Rushdie as "unlike anything in [the institution's] nearly 150-year history".[49] However, one eyewitness claimed that there was no security onstage.[104] [105] One attendee noted that while food and drinks were prevented from being brought into the event, there was no screening for weapons.[15]

It emerged that the leadership of the Chautauqua Institution disregarded recommendations for security precautions because they felt it would alienate the audience from the speakers.[106] Following the attack, the Chautauqua Institution announced that it would require guests to furnish photo IDs to buy gate passes, which previously could be purchased anonymously. Carried bags will also be banned in the amphitheater.[28]

See also

Notes and References

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  2. Web site: Salman Rushdie attacker 'sympathetic to Shia extremism'. The New Arab Staff & Agencies. August 13, 2022. . August 14, 2022. August 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220815050402/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/salman-rushdie-attacker-sympathetic-shia-extremism. live.
  3. News: Goodman. Joshua. August 12, 2022. Author Salman Rushdie attacked on lecture stage in New York. August 12, 2022. Associated Press. en. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812152059/https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-attacked-9eae99aea82cb0d39628851ecd42227a. live.
  4. Web site: Staniszewski. Eugene J.. August 12, 2022. State Police are investigating an attack on author Salman Rushdie. August 12, 2022. New York State Police Newsroom. en. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214959/https://www.nyspnews.com/state-police-are-investigating-an-attack-on-author-salman-rushdie.htm. live.
  5. Web site: Salman Rushdie & Henry Reese. August 13, 2022. Chautauqua Institution. en-US. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812203236/https://www.chq.org/event/salman-rushdie-henry-reese/. live.
  6. News: Harris . Elizabeth A. . 2022-08-14 . Salman Rushdie, Badly Wounded, Is Off Ventilator and Starting to Recover . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-08-15 . 0362-4331.
  7. Web site: 2022-08-17 . Salman Rushdie and the long shadow of 'The Satanic Verses' . 2022-08-27 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
  8. News: August 12, 2022. Who is Salman Rushdie? The writer who emerged from hiding. en-GB. BBC News. August 12, 2022. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812183344/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-62523259. live.
  9. News: Stebbins. Jack. Salman Rushdie stabbed in neck in NY attack, 'Satanic Verses' writer airlifted to hospital. August 12, 2022. CNBC. en. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812203051/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/12/salman-rushdie-attacked-during-panel-in-western-new-york-report-says.html. live.
  10. News: Borger. Julian. A tsunami of outrage: Salman Rushdie and The Satanic Verses. August 12, 2022. The Guardian. August 12, 2022. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214959/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/12/tsunami-outrage-salman-rushdie-satanic-verses. live.
  11. News: Helm. Leslie. Translator of 'Satanic Verses' Slain. 11 February 2013. Los Angeles Times. 13 July 1991.
  12. News: Activists accuse Iran of responsibility for Rushdie attack. France 24. August 13, 2022. August 14, 2022. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090010/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220813-activists-accuse-iran-of-responsibility-for-rushdie-attack. live.
  13. News: Suspect in Salman Rushdie attack pleads not guilty to second-degree attempted murder and assault charges, attorney says . Paul P. . Murphy . August 14, 2022 . . August 14, 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813091914/https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/13/us/salman-rushdie-attacked-saturday/index.html . August 13, 2022.
  14. Web site: Ayatollah Khamenei's fatwa on Salman Rushdie's apostasy from Islam. Iman Khamenei.ir . February 13, 2017. August 14, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813084042/https://english.khamenei.ir/news/4634/Ayatollah-Khamenei-s-fatwa-on-Salman-Rushdie-s-apostasy-from. live.
  15. News: Salman Rushdie had started to believe his 'life was normal again'. The Observer. Ed. Pilkington. Philip. Oltermann. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813232925/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/13/salman-rushdie-had-started-to-believe-his-life-was-normal-again. live.
  16. News: Moderator describes 'tragic irony' and 'horror' as violence on Rushdie unfolded. The Guardian. Ed. Pilkington. 14 August 2022.
  17. Web site: Ingram . Sheldon . 2022-08-15 . 'Can't give in to being silenced': City of Asylum Pittsburgh co-founder injured during Salman Rushdie attack in Chautauqua, NY . 2022-08-27 . WTAE . en.
  18. News: Jones. Dustin. August 12, 2022. Author Salman Rushdie was attacked on a lecture stage in New York. en. NPR. live. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812153513/https://www.npr.org/2022/08/12/1117164727/author-salman-rushdie-was-attacked-on-a-lecture-stage-in-new-york. August 12, 2022.
  19. News: Salman Rushdie moderator Henry Reese reveals black eye and knife wound from attack on author . Bevan . Hurley . 18 August 2021 . The Independent.
  20. Web site: 2022-08-12 . By chance, AP reporter on scene to witness Rushdie attack . 2024-08-01 . AP News . en.
  21. News: Singh. Kanishka. Allen. Jonathan. August 12, 2022. Salman Rushdie is stabbed in the neck at a New York lecture. en. Reuters. live. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812170728/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-stage-event-new-york-sky-news-2022-08-12/. August 12, 2022.
  22. News: Author Salman Rushdie stabbed on stage before a lecture in New York. August 12, 2022. NBC News. en. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812162847/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-lecture-western-new-york-rcna42853. live.
  23. News: Ray. Sanchez. Adam. Thomas. Kristina. Sgueglia. Lauren. Said-Moorhouse. Author Salman Rushdie attacked at western New York event and a suspect is in custody, police say. August 12, 2022. August 12, 2022. CNN. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812154640/https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/12/us/salman-rushdie-attacked/index.html. live.
  24. News: Vargas. Ramon Antonio. August 12, 2022. Police identify Salman Rushdie attack suspect as 24-year-old from New Jersey. August 13, 2022. The Guardian. en. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813012719/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-suspect-identified-hadi-matar. live.
  25. News: 'Truth, courage, resilience': Biden hails Salman Rushdie after attack. The Guardian. Ramon. Antonio Vargas. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814001358/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/13/truth-courage-resilience-biden-hails-salman-rushdie-after-attack. live.
  26. News: August 13, 2022. Salman Rushdie: Author on ventilator and unable to speak, agent says. BBC News. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813032501/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62528689. live.
  27. News: August 12, 2022. Salman Rushdie Updates: Update from Elizabeth A. Harris. en-US. The New York Times. August 12, 2022. 0362-4331. August 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220812163021/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york. live.
  28. News: Agent: Rushdie off ventilator and talking, day after attack. Associated Press. Carolyn. Thompson. Hillel. Italie. August 14, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813205627/https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-on-ventilator-after-new-york-stabbing-5ea54212d71b95569ed85df7b0fb5fea. live.
  29. Web site: Salman Rushdie is off ventilator and able to talk, agent says. The Guardian. Ramon Antonio. Vargas. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814020814/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/14/salman-rushdie-is-off-ventilator-and-able-to-talk-agent-says. live.
  30. News: Salman Rushdie's 'defiant sense of humour' remains, son says. George. Wright. BBC News. August 14, 2022. August 14, 2022. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814134304/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62542161. live.
  31. News: 2022-08-14 . Salman Rushdie's family 'extremely relieved' he's off ventilator . live . en . . https://web.archive.org/web/20220821184613/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/14/salman-rushdie-family-extremely-relieved-hes-off-ventilator . 2022-08-21 . 2022-08-21 . Rushdie's son says his father remains in a critical condition with 'life-changing' wounds after being repeatedly stabbed at a literary event in New York state in the US..
  32. Web site: Salman Rushdie ist nicht zu brechen . 2022-08-15 . 2022-08-15 . . de-AT.
  33. Web site: Salman Rushdie's 'feisty and defiant' humour remains intact, says son . 15 August 2022. The Times of India. 30 August 2022.
  34. News: Jones . Sam . Salman Rushdie has lost sight in one eye and use of one hand, says agent . the Guardian . 2022-10-23 . 2022-10-23.
  35. 2023-02-06 . The Defiance of Salman Rushdie . 2023-02-06 . The New Yorker . en-US.
  36. News: 2023-02-06 . Sir Salman Rushdie speaks for the first time about 'colossal attack' . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-02-06.
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  38. Web site: Rushdie off ventilator; N.J. Man charged . August 15, 2022 .
  39. Web site: Melendez . Pilar . August 13, 2022 . Salman Rushdie Attacker Charged With Attempted Murder . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813193603/https://www.thedailybeast.com/hadi-matar-charged-with-attempted-murder-of-author-salman-rushdie-after-chautauqua-institution-stabbing . August 13, 2022 . August 13, 2022 . The Daily Beast.
  40. News: Prosecutor says the New Jersey man who stabbed author Salman Rushdie was trying to carry out a fatwa . Caroyn Thompson . AP News . 25 July 2024 .
  41. Web site: Indictment: US v. Hadi Matar . United States District Court for the Western District of New York . United States Department of Justice . 2024-07-17 . 25 July 2024 .
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  43. News: Fahy . Claire . 2024-07-24 . Man Charged in Rushdie Stabbing Is Also Accused of Supporting Terrorism . 2024-07-25 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  44. Web site: 'I'm done with him': A mother's anger over Salman Rushdie attack . August 17, 2022 .
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  46. News: Moody. Oliver. Vohra. Anchal . Hadi Matar: Rushdie suspect's mother says he changed after Middle East trip . August 15, 2022. . en . 2022-08-15 . 0140-0460.
  47. News: 'There is no future.' NJ mother laments after son charged with Salman Rushdie attack. Adely. Hannan. August 18, 2022 . North Jersey .
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  50. News: Attaque contre Salman Rushdie : ce que l'on sait de Hadi Matar, son agresseur présumé. Le Figaro. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. fr. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090011/https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/attaque-contre-salman-rushdie-ce-que-l-on-sait-de-hadi-matar-son-agresseur-presume-20220813. live.
  51. Web site: Mathers . Matt . Salman Rushdie taken off ventilator and talking as Hadi Matar pleads not guilty . The Independent . August 14, 2022 . August 14, 2022 . August 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814071134/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/salman-rushdie-stabbed-attack-stage-new-york-updates-b2144588.html . live .
  52. News: Salman Rushdie – latest: Author on ventilator as venue 'rejected advice to tighten security'. The Independent. Bevan. Hurley. Peony. Hirwani. Matt. Mathers. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813024725/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/salman-rushdie-stabbed-attack-stage-new-york-updates-b2144159.html. live.
  53. News: Ensor. Josie. August 13, 2022. Salman Rushdie stabbing suspect Hadi Matar 'had fake driving licence using name of Hizbollah leader'. en-GB. The Telegraph. August 13, 2022. 0307-1235. subscription. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090011/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/08/13/salman-rushdie-stabbing-suspect-hadi-matar-had-fake-driving/. live.
  54. Web site: Hadi Matar: The unremarkable executioner who tried to make good on Tehran's fatwa against Salman Rushdie . August 20, 2022 .
  55. Web site: Rushdie attack suspect says he admires Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini. Chris Gallagher. Reuters. August 17, 2022. October 23, 2022.
  56. News: August 13, 2022. White House condemns 'reprehensible' attack on Salman Rushdie. August 13, 2022. The Statesman. en-US. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090012/https://www.thestatesman.com/world/white-house-condemns-salman-rushdie-1503099973.html. live.
  57. News: 2022-08-15 . Antony Blinken condemns 'despicable' Iranian response to Salman Rushdie attack . en . . subscription . 2022-08-24 . 0307-1766.
  58. News: 2022-08-15 . Salman Rushdie: Iran blames writer and supporters for stabbing . en . . live . 2022-08-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220819053805/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62546469 . 2022-08-19 . Iran has 'categorically' denied any link with Salman Rushdie's attacker - instead blaming the writer himself..
  59. News: Blair . Elizabeth . 2022-08-19 . Paul Auster, Aasif Mandvi and others support Salman Rushdie with public readings . en . NPR . 2022-08-19.
  60. News: Shaffi . Sarah . 17 August 2022 . Hundreds of authors to read from Salman Rushdie's works in show of solidarity . . 21 August 2022.
  61. News: Jones . Dustin . Kim . Juliana . August 13, 2022 . Salman Rushdie off ventilator and talking after stabbing attack . NPR .
  62. News: 17 August 2022 . Islam or Muslims didn't attack Salman Rushdie, a criminal did . New Straits Times . 31 August 2022.
  63. News: Faucon . Benoit . Talley . Ian . 2022-09-14 . U.S. Considers Sanctions on Iran-Linked Entities After Salman Rushdie Attack . en-US . Wall Street Journal . 2022-09-14 .
  64. News: August 15, 2022 . Iran denies being involved in attack on Salman Rushdie . . August 15, 2022.
  65. News: Chulov . Martin . August 13, 2022 . Salman Rushdie attack: Iranians react with mixture of praise and concern . . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813203813/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/13/salman-rushdie-attack-iranians-react-with-mixture-of-praise-and-concern . August 13, 2022.
  66. Web site: August 13, 2022 . Marandi: Claims on Bolton assassination, Rushdie attack before nuclear agreement odd news . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220812213130/https://en.irna.ir/news/84851460/Marandi-Claims-on-Bolton-assassination-Rushdie-attack-before . August 12, 2022 . August 14, 2022 . Islamic Republic News Agency.
  67. Web site: August 13, 2022 . Salman Rushdie attack: Iranians react with mixture of praise and concern . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813203813/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/13/salman-rushdie-attack-iranians-react-with-mixture-of-praise-and-concern . August 13, 2022 . August 14, 2022 . The Guardian . en.
  68. Web site: Rabinowitz . Hannah . Cohen . Marshall . Hansler . Jennifer . Atwood . Kylie . amp . August 10, 2022 . US Justice Department charges Iranian with trying to assassinate John Bolton . 2022-08-15 . CNN.
  69. Web site: Praise, worry in Iran after Rushdie attack; government quiet . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090011/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/praise-worry-iran-rushdie-attack-government-quiet-88332346 . August 14, 2022 . August 14, 2022 . ABC News.
  70. Web site: August 13, 2022 . Iran conservative media praise Salman Rushdie attacker . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815050407/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/08/13/Iran-conservative-media-praise-Salman-Rushdie-attacker . August 15, 2022 . August 14, 2022 . Al Arabiya English . en.
  71. News: Vahdat . Ahmed . Crisp . James . August 13, 2022 . 'Satan on the way to Hell': Iran's media glories in attack on Salman Rushdie . The Telegraph . live . August 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/08/13/satan-way-irans-media-glories-attack-salman-rushdie/ . August 14, 2022.
  72. Web site: Apostate Rushdie Hospitalized with Serious Injuries . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090026/https://kayhan.ir/en/news/105698/apostate-rushdie-hospitalized-with-serious-injuries . August 14, 2022 . August 13, 2022 . Kayhan.
  73. News: August 13, 2022 . Attaque contre Salman Rushdie : ce que l'on sait de Hadi Matar, son agresseur présumé . fr . . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090011/https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/attaque-contre-salman-rushdie-ce-que-l-on-sait-de-hadi-matar-son-agresseur-presume-20220813 . August 14, 2022.
  74. News: August 13, 2022 . Salman Rushdie stabbed live updates: Iran conservative media hail Salman Rushdie attacker . en . . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220812185315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/live-updates-author-salman-rushdie-attacked-in-new-york/liveblog/93528252.cms . August 12, 2022.
  75. News: Hezbollah official says group does not know anything about attack on Rushdie . Reuters . August 13, 2022 .
  76. News: August 13, 2022 . UK PM Boris Johnson says he is appalled that author Rushdie was stabbed . . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813195655/https://www.euronews.com/2022/08/13/uk-people-salman-rushdie-britain-johnson . August 13, 2022.
  77. News: August 13, 2022 . 'His fight is our fight': France President Emmanuel Macron condemns attack on Salman Rushdie: Condemning the attack on Indian-born author Salman Rushdie, France President Emmanuel Macron said Rushdie's fight is universal now . . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813195903/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/france-president-emmanuel-macron-condemns-attack-salman-rushdie-new-york-event-1987492-2022-08-13 . August 13, 2022.
  78. News: World leaders express shock at attack on Salman Rushdie . . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813201707/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220813_13/ . August 13, 2022.
  79. News: August 13, 2022 . 'Despicable act:' Germany's Scholz condemns Rushdie attack . MSN News . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813202432/https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/despicable-act-germanys-scholz-condemns-rushdie-attack/ar-AA10D09g . August 13, 2022.
  80. News: August 13, 2022 . Attack on Salman Rushdie a strike on freedom of expression, Canada's Trudeau says . Reuters . live . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813201136/https://www.reuters.com/world/attack-salman-rushdie-strike-freedom-expression-canadas-trudeau-says-2022-08-13/ . August 13, 2022.
  81. Web site: Salman Rushdie attack prompts muted reaction in India and Pakistan . The Guardian . en . August 13, 2022 . August 14, 2022 . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813203749/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/13/salman-rushdie-attack-prompts-muted-reaction-in-india-and-pakistan . live .
  82. Web site: Barring a few, Indian leaders mum on Salman Rushdie. The Economic Times. August 13, 2022. August 14, 2022. August 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220815050413/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/barring-a-few-indian-leaders-mum-on-salman-rushdie/articleshow/93547010.cms. live.
  83. News: Kerala Governor Arif Mohammed Khan interview: 'Shah Bano, Satanic Verses... issues were dealt with not on merit but to build vote banks, a disaster for country'. The Indian Express. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813201913/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/kerala-governor-arif-mohammed-khan-interview-shah-bano-satanic-verses-merit-vote-banks-disaster-country-8088115/. live.
  84. Web site: 2022-08-13 . Hezbollah official says group does not know anything about attack on Rushdie . 2022-08-15 . Reuters.
  85. News: Salman Rushdie stabbed live updates: Iran-backed Hezbollah says it has no information about attack on Rushdie. The Times of India. August 13, 2022. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812185315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/live-updates-author-salman-rushdie-attacked-in-new-york/liveblog/93528252.cms. live.
  86. News: August 14, 2022 . Hezbollah Supporters Celebrate 'Holy Stabbing' of Salman Rushdie . Asharq Al-Awsat . live . August 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090012/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3815046/hezbollah-supporters-celebrate-%E2%80%98holy-stabbing%E2%80%99-salman-rushdie . August 14, 2022.
  87. News: Baloch . Shah Meer . Salman Rushdie attack was unjustifiable, says Pakistan's Imran Khan . 18 August 2022 . The Guardian . 19 August 2022.
  88. News: Meko. Hurubie. August 12, 2022. Stabbing sends ripples of 'shock and horror' through the literary world. en-US. The New York Times. August 12, 2022. 0362-4331. August 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812173006/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-reactions.html. live.
  89. News: 'This is shocking': writers horrified by Salman Rushdie attack. The Guardian. Maya. Yang. August 12, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813075321/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-reaction-journalists-writers-celebrities. live.
  90. News: What Salman Rushdie told me about how to deal with fear. The Guardian. Graham. Swift. 14 August 2022.
  91. News: If we don't defend free speech, we live in tyranny: Salman Rushdie shows us that. The Guardian. Margaret. Atwood. 15 August 2022.
  92. News: Authors on the Salman Rushdie attack: 'A society cannot survive without free speech'. The Guardian. 14 August 2022.
  93. Web site: 'Either write your books or don't write them, but don't write them being scared'. thebookerprizes.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20220815225654/https://thebookerprizes.com/. 15 August 2022.
  94. Web site: Wood. Gaby. Long read: Salman Rushdie has opened doors between the real world and imagined worlds — and for decades has been unafraid to pass through them. August 15, 2022 . thebookerprizes.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20220815162757/https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/features/salman-rushdie-has-opened-doors-between-the-real-world-and-imagined. 15 August 2022.
  95. News: British-Australian academic Dr Kylie Moore-Gilbert spent 804 imprisoned by the Iranian regime on false charges of espionage. The Guardian. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813213817/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-stabbed-onstage-new-york-latest-updates?page=with:block-62f707068f086d0d751f0b47#block-62f707068f086d0d751f0b47. live.
  96. News: Salman Rushdie is on ventilator and may lose an eye after attack, agent says – latest updates. The Guardian. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813012757/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-stabbed-onstage-new-york-latest-updates. live.
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  99. News: Rushdie praised at Dublin exhibition of Vatican artists. en. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Ailbhe. Conneely. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813225548/https://www.rte.ie/news/dublin/2022/0813/1315591-art-exhibition/. live.
  100. News: Salman Rushdie's family 'extremely relieved' he's off ventilator. Al Jazeera. 14 August 2022.
  101. News: Salman Rushdie's 'The Satanic Verses' leaps to top of Amazon bestseller lists. CNBC. Lee Ying Shan. 15 August 2022.
  102. Book: Rushdie, S. . Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder . Random House Publishing Group . 2024 . 978-0-593-73024-9 . 23 April 2024 .
  103. News: Jones. Dustin. August 13, 2022. Salman Rushdie may lose an eye after being stabbed at a speaking event. en. NPR. August 13, 2022. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814022847/https://www.npr.org/2022/08/12/1117164727/salman-rushdie-condition-stabbing-new-york. live.
  104. News: Pilkington. Ed. August 13, 2022. Rushdie attack prompts questions over security at New York event. The Guardian. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813193536/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/13/salman-rushdie-attack-security-chautauqua. live.
  105. News: Rao. A. J.. Hahn. Tim. August 12, 2022. What we know: Suspect charged with attempted murder in Salman Rushdie stabbing. GoErie. August 13, 2022. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090012/https://www.goerie.com/story/news/local/2022/08/12/salman-rushdie-attacked-chautauqua-institution-wwk/65401712007/. live.
  106. News: Murphy. Paul. Elamroussi. Aya. Brown. Micki. Sanchez. Ray. August 13, 2022. Suspect in Salman Rushdie attack pleads not guilty to second-degree attempted murder and assault charges, attorney says. CNN. August 13, 2022. August 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220813091914/https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/13/us/salman-rushdie-attacked-saturday/index.html. live.

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