The spot-breasted wren (Pheugopedius maculipectus) is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.[1]
The spot-breasted wren has at times been treated as conspecific with rufous-breasted wren (P. rutilus) and speckle-breasted wren (P. sclateri). They do form a superspecies.[2] [3]
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) recognizes five subspecies:[1]
The Clements taxonomy recognizes a sixth subspecies:[4]
BirdLife International (BLI) does not recognize either petersi or varians, considering them "indistinguishable from umbrinus".[5]
The spot-breasted wren is 12.5to long; males weigh 14.3to and females 12.4to. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a reddish brown crown and upperparts; the rump is more chestnut. Their tail is dull brown with narrow dark bars. They have a white supercilium and the rest of the face and neck are streaked with black and white. The throat, chest, and the center of the belly are pale gray with black spots and the flanks and lower belly are orange-buff with no spots. Juveniles are paler than the adult and the facial markings and spots are less extensive and dimmer.[2]
P. m. microstictus is not as reddish as the nominate and the spots on its breast are smaller and fewer. P. m. canobrunneus is paler than the nominate and its crown is light buffy cinnamon. P. m. umbrinus (including petersi and varians) is larger and darker than the nominate.[2]
The subspecies of spot-breasted wren, including the two that are not universally accepted, are found thus:[2] [1] [4]
The spot-breasted wren occurs in a wide variety of habitats including humid coastal and dry forest (intact, disturbed, and regrowing) and cocoa and citrus plantations. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1300m (4,300feet) in Mexico and Honduras but only up to 200m (700feet) in Costa Rica.[2]
The spot-breasted wren forages at low levels in dense vegetation, usually in pairs or family groups. Its diet is not well defined but is probably mostly invertebrates.[2]
Some details of the spot-breasted wren's breeding phenology are known. Its breeding season varies by latitude. Its nest is dome-shaped, has a side entrance, and is typically placed in the crotch of a tree or in ferns up to 6m (20feet) above the ground. The clutch size is three to four. Both sexes feed the young.[2]
The spot-breasted wren's song is " a cheerful series of clear whistling gurgles" given by both sexes https://www.xeno-canto.org/319046.
The IUCN has assessed the spot-breasted wren as being of Least Concern. Its population is estimated to be at least 500,000 individuals. However, its "population trend is difficult to determine because of uncertainty over the impacts of habitat modification on population sizes."