Somatotropin family explained

The Somatotropin family is a protein family whose titular representative is somatotropin, also known as growth hormone, a hormone that plays an important role in growth control.^[1] Other members include choriomammotropin (lactogen), its placental analogue;^[2] prolactin, which promotes lactation in the mammary gland, and placental prolactin-related proteins;^[3] proliferin and proliferin related protein;^[4] and somatolactin from various fishes.^{[5] [6]} The 3D structure of bovine somatotropin has been predicted using a combination of heuristics and energy minimisation.^[7]

Human peptides from this family

CSH1

CSH2; CSHL1; GH1; GH2 (hGH-V); PRL;

Notes and References

1. Wallis M . The molecular evolution of pituitary growth-hormone prolactin and placental-lactogen - a protein family showing variable rates of evolution . J. Mol. Evol. . 17 . 10–18 . 1981 . 10.1007/bf01792419. 19939571 .
2. Kessler MA, Milosavljevic M, Zieler CG, Schuler LA . A subfamily of bovine prolactin-related transcripts distinct from placental lactogen in the fetal placenta . Biochemistry . 28 . 12 . 5154–5161 . 1989 . 2765528 . 10.1021/bi00438a036.
3. Rand-Weaver M, Noso T, Muramoto K, Kawauchi H . Isolation and characterization of somatolactin, a new protein related to growth hormone and prolactin from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) pituitary glands . Biochemistry . 30 . 6 . 1509–1515 . 1991 . 1993170 . 10.1021/bi00220a010.
4. Connor AM, Waterhouse P, Khokha R, Denhardt DT . Characterization of a mouse mitogen-regulated protein/proliferin gene and its promoter: a member of the growth hormone/prolactin gene superfamily . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1009 . 1 . 75–82 . 1989 . 2790033 . 10.1016/0167-4781(89)90081-X.
5. Benedet S, Björnsson BT, Taranger GL, Andersson E . Cloning of somatolactin alpha, beta forms and the somatolactin receptor in Atlantic salmon: seasonal expression profile in pituitary and ovary of maturing female broodstock . Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. . 6 . 42 . 2008 . 18793397 . 2553077 . 10.1186/1477-7827-6-42 . free .
6. Benedet Perea, Susana (2008). Growth hormone and somatolactin function during sexual maturation of female Atlantic salmon. (Ph.D.) Department of Zoology/Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
7. Carlacci L, Chou KC, Maggiora GM . A heuristic approach to predicting the tertiary structure of bovine somatotropin . Biochemistry . 30 . 18 . 4389–4398 . 1991 . 2021631. 10.1021/bi00232a004.