Somatostatin receptor 4 explained

Somatostatin receptor type 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR4 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biologic effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. SSTR4 is a member of the superfamily of receptors having seven transmembrane segments and is expressed in highest levels in fetal and adult brain and lung.

See also

• Somatostatin receptor

Further reading

• Patel YC . Somatostatin and its receptor family . Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology . 20 . 3 . 157–98 . July 1999 . 10433861 . 10.1006/frne.1999.0183 . 44720470 .
• Yamada Y, Post SR, Wang K, Tager HS, Bell GI, Seino S . Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 89 . 1 . 251–5 . January 1992 . 1346068 . 48214 . 10.1073/pnas.89.1.251 . 1992PNAS...89..251Y . free .
• Demchyshyn LL, Srikant CB, Sunahara RK, Kent G, Seeman P, Van Tol HH, Panetta R, Patel YC, Niznik HB . Cloning and expression of a human somatostatin-14-selective receptor variant (somatostatin receptor 4) located on chromosome 20 . Molecular Pharmacology . 43 . 6 . 894–901 . June 1993 . 8100352 .
• Yasuda K, Espinosa R, Davis EM, Le Beau MM, Bell GI . Human somatostatin receptor genes: localization of SSTR5 to human chromosome 20p11.2 . Genomics . 17 . 3 . 785–6 . September 1993 . 8244401 . 10.1006/geno.1993.1410 .
• Yamada Y, Kagimoto S, Kubota A, Yasuda K, Masuda K, Someya Y, Ihara Y, Li Q, Imura H, Seino S . Cloning, functional expression and pharmacological characterization of a fourth (hSSTR4) and a fifth (hSSTR5) human somatostatin receptor subtype . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 195 . 2 . 844–52 . September 1993 . 8373420 . 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2122 .
• Kaupmann K, Bruns C, Hoyer D, Seuwen K, Lübbert H . Distribution and second messenger coupling of four somatostatin receptor subtypes expressed in brain . FEBS Letters . 331 . 1–2 . 53–9 . September 1993 . 8405411 . 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80296-7 . 22557713 . free .
• Yamada Y, Stoffel M, Espinosa R, Xiang KS, Seino M, Seino S, Le Beau MM, Bell GI . Human somatostatin receptor genes: localization to human chromosomes 14, 17, and 22 and identification of simple tandem repeat polymorphisms . Genomics . 15 . 2 . 449–52 . February 1993 . 8449518 . 10.1006/geno.1993.1088 .
• Xu Y, Song J, Bruno JF, Berelowitz M . Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human somatostatin receptor, hSSTR4 . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 193 . 2 . 648–52 . June 1993 . 8512564 . 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1673 .
• Fukusumi S, Kitada C, Takekawa S, Kizawa H, Sakamoto J, Miyamoto M, Hinuma S, Kitano K, Fujino M . Identification and characterization of a novel human cortistatin-like peptide . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 232 . 1 . 157–63 . March 1997 . 9125122 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6252 .
• de Lecea L, Ruiz-Lozano P, Danielson PE, Peelle-Kirley J, Foye PE, Frankel WN, Sutcliffe JG . Cloning, mRNA expression, and chromosomal mapping of mouse and human preprocortistatin . Genomics . 42 . 3 . 499–506 . June 1997 . 9205124 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4763 .
• Jaïs P, Terris B, Ruszniewski P, LeRomancer M, Reyl-Desmars F, Vissuzaine C, Cadiot G, Mignon M, Lewin MJ . Somatostatin receptor subtype gene expression in human endocrine gastroentero-pancreatic tumours . European Journal of Clinical Investigation . 27 . 8 . 639–44 . August 1997 . 9279525 . 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1740719.x . 23503397 .
• Sharma K, Patel YC, Srikant CB . C-terminal region of human somatostatin receptor 5 is required for induction of Rb and G1 cell cycle arrest . Molecular Endocrinology . 13 . 1 . 82–90 . January 1999 . 9892014 . 10.1210/mend.13.1.0220 . free .
• Forssell-Aronsson EB, Nilsson O, Bejegård SA, Kölby L, Bernhardt P, Mölne J, Hashemi SH, Wängberg B, Tisell LE, Ahlman H . 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide binding and somatostatin receptor subtypes in thyroid tumors . Journal of Nuclear Medicine . 41 . 4 . 636–42 . April 2000 . 10768564 .
• Zatelli MC, Tagliati F, Taylor JE, Rossi R, Culler MD, degli Uberti EC . Somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5 differentially affect proliferation in vitro of the human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line tt . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism . 86 . 5 . 2161–9 . May 2001 . 10.1210/jcem.86.5.7489 . 11344221 . free .
• Talme T, Ivanoff J, Hägglund M, Van Neerven RJ, Ivanoff A, Sundqvist KG . Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression and function in normal and leukaemic T-cells. Evidence for selective effects on adhesion to extracellular matrix components via SSTR2 and/or 3 . Clinical and Experimental Immunology . 125 . 1 . 71–9 . July 2001 . 11472428 . 1906108 . 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01577.x .
• Pasquali D, Notaro A, Esposito D, Vassallo P, Bonavolontà G, Bellastella A, Sinisi AA . [Somatostatin receptor genes expression and effects of octreotide on orbital fibroblasts from Graves' ophthalmopathy] . Minerva Endocrinologica . 26 . 3 . 175–9 . September 2001 . 11753241 .
• Papotti M, Bongiovanni M, Volante M, Allìa E, Landolfi S, Helboe L, Schindler M, Cole SL, Bussolati G . Expression of somatostatin receptor types 1-5 in 81 cases of gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine tumors. A correlative immunohistochemical and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis . Virchows Archiv . 440 . 5 . 461–75 . May 2002 . 12021920 . 10.1007/s00428-002-0609-x . 28584328 .

External links

• Web site: Somatostatin Receptors: sst₄ . IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels . International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology . 2008-12-09 . 2016-03-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193648/http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2441 . dead .

Notes and References

1. Rohrer L, Raulf F, Bruns C, Buettner R, Hofstaedter F, Schüle R . Cloning and characterization of a fourth human somatostatin receptor . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 90 . 9 . 4196–200 . May 1993 . 8483934 . 46473 . 10.1073/pnas.90.9.4196 . 1993PNAS...90.4196R . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: SSTR4 somatostatin receptor 4.